The answer should naturally be given according to the requirements of the test questions. As far as the appreciation of ancient poems is concerned, it can be roughly summarized into five question-and-answer modes. This paper analyzes them with examples for your reference.
The first mode analyzes artistic conception.
Q: What kind of artistic conception does this poem create? Question variant: What kind of picture does this poem depict? What thoughts and feelings did the poet express?
Answer analysis: This is one of the most common questions. The so-called artistic conception refers to the imaginary realm created by the combination of objects (that is, images) that entrust the poet's feelings. Including scenery, emotion and environment. Three aspects are indispensable when answering questions.
Steps for answering questions: ① Describe the picture shown in the poem. Candidates should grasp the main scenery in the poem and reproduce the picture in their own language. When describing, one should be faithful to the original poem, the other should be recreated with one's own association and imagination, and the language should be beautiful.
② Summarize the characteristics of the atmosphere created by the scenery. Generally, two disyllabic words can be used, such as lonely and cold, quiet and beautiful, vigorous and magnificent, bleak and desolate, etc. , and should pay attention to accurately reflect the characteristics and emotional appeal of the scenery.
③ Analyze the author's thoughts and feelings. Don't be empty, but give specific answers. For example, it is not enough to answer "expressing the author's sentimental feelings", but also to answer "sentimental" why.
1, metaphor:
It can highlight the characteristics of things, describe the vivid image of things, and also reflect the modal characteristics of images.
Dai Shulun's "Lanxi Acura" in the Tang Dynasty: "The cool moon is like an eyebrow hanging over Liuwan, and the more you look at the Zhongshan mirror. Peach blossoms rained in Lanxi for three days, and carp came to the beach in the middle of the night. "
Read the initials below, then answer this question.
Qingyu case
He Zhu
Ling Bo didn't cross the pond road, but after reading it, Chen Fang left. Who is the golden flower? There are flower pavilions and windows on the platform, only in spring. Blue clouds, dusk in Ran Ran, crayons, new topics, heartbreaking sentences. How much leisure there is! Yichuan tobacco, city wind, plum yellow rain.
The author of the middle and lower level films in Ci is even more praised as "a smoke wave, making a storm all over the city, Huang Meiyu". Try to briefly analyze what rhetorical devices the poet used here and what thoughts and feelings he expressed. What are the advantages of writing like this?
A: The following film uses three metaphors: "Yichuan Tobacco", "Mancheng Wind Flour" and "Plum Yellow Rain" to express the infinite sadness brought by the poet's missing. Writing in this way, turning abstract into concrete, vivid, novel and unique, full of artistic conception, strongly expresses the poet's infinite worries.
2. personification:
Give inanimate things human modal actions, from which the author's emotions are infiltrated.
Function: (1) to draw an image.
(2) Bright colors
(3) rich ideographic meaning
For example, Du Fu's "Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night": "Good rain knows the season, and it happens in spring. Sneak into the night with the wind and moisten things silently. "
For example:
Read the following poem and then answer this question.
Two Poems on the Wall by Mr. Yin in Shuhu Lake (Choose One) [Wang Anshi]
Grass eaves are long and quiet without moss, and flowers and trees are planted by hand.
One water to protect the field will surround the green, and two mountains will be green.
"Note" ① Route: Break into houses. Lou, open the door.
Q: What rhetorical device is used in the sentence "Two mountains arrange to send green flowers"? What are the advantages of writing like this? Combined with the whole poem, what kind of emotion does the author express?
Answer: This sentence is anthropomorphic. (1 mark) Write "mountain" directly, and "two mountains" seem to be eager to "send" the green mountains into the door. (Point out the specific content of personification, 1 min) Turn quietness into action, turn ruthlessness into sentience, endow mountains and rivers with spirituality, and vividly write the vitality of rural scenery. (2 points) The poet's joy is written in it, which shows the poet's love for this beautiful rural life. (2 points)
3. exaggeration:
Deliberately exaggerating or narrowing the description of things has the function of highlighting the characteristics of things more clearly and expressing the poet's feelings more strongly.
In romantic poetry, exaggeration can be seen everywhere. For example, "The rooftop is 18,000 feet, and at this point, it begins to turn southeast." "White hair is three thousands of feet, and sorrow is as long as long."
[Example] Read the following words first, and then answer this question.
Jiangnanchun
Du Mu
Thousands of warblers sing green and reflect red,
Flag wind of Shuicunshan fruit wine.
480 temples in the Southern Dynasties,
How many towers of smoke and rain
Regarding this poem, Yang Shen, a writer in the Ming Dynasty, criticized in the poem Sheng 'an: "Who can smell it thousands of miles away?" Thousands of miles of green reflect red, who can see it? If you travel ten miles, you will see green and red scenery, village Guo, balcony, monk temple and wine flag. "Do you agree with this statement? Please analyze the whole poem briefly.
Answer: I disagree. Because the title of the poem is Jiangnan Spring Day, that is, the author is writing the scene of Jiangnan Spring Day. The poem "a thousand miles" also exaggerates the vastness and spring of Jiangnan. Writing in this way can arouse readers' imagination and association and make poetry more expressive and appealing.
4. comparison:
Contrast is to put two opposing things together and compare them with each other. It can make the contradiction of opposing things stand out clearly, reveal the essence and give people profound enlightenment. When analyzing the function of contrast, it is necessary to specify what is compared with what in poetry, and the result of comparison makes readers realize or feel what.
For example, Du Fu's "Zhumen is fragrant with wine, and there are frozen bones on the road", and Gao Shi's "Ge Yanxing", "Half of our men at the front line are dead, but the other half are still alive, and there are beautiful girls dancing and singing for them in the camp".
Difference:
Contrast is different from contrast, which has obvious primary and secondary points, while contrast often has no primary and secondary points, and the focus is generally to let readers have new understanding and new feelings.
5. Metonymy
Borrowing related things instead of expressing things, using metonymy can make the language implicit and concise.
For example:
(1) "know, know? It should be green and fat and red and thin "(Li Qingzhao's Dream")
(2) "neither string nor bamboo, a whole year"
(3) the cold horse in front of the door (Bai Juyi's Pipa Trip)
(4) "How to solve the problem, only Du Kang" (Cao Cao's "Short Songs")
(1) In the poem, leaves and flowers are replaced by "green" and "red" respectively, describing the prosperity of leaves and the withering of flowers.
② Music is changed to "silk bamboo"; ③ The pommel horse was replaced by "guest"; (4) Du Kang for wine.
6. Pun:
Using the polysemy in Chinese vocabulary or homophonic relationship in pronunciation, what is said here is what is said there.
For example, Yu Qian's ode to Lyme: "Don't be afraid of death, leave innocence in the world."
Another example is Liu Yuxi's "Zhi Zhu Ci": "Willow green Jiang Shuiping, I listen to the songs on the Langjiang River. Sunrise in the east and rain in the west, the road is sunny but sunny. " Others, such as "silk" (thinking), "branch" (knowing), "lotus root" (Lian) and "lotus" (pity), all belong to this category.
For example:
1. Read the following poem and then answer this question.
Chunsi
Lipper
The grass is as green as Beth, and the mulberry leaves in Qin area are green.
When you miss your hometown, you were missed and sad a long time ago.
Spring breeze, since I dare not know you, why should I separate the silk curtain beside my bed? ?
Q: "The grass in your north is blue as jade, and the mulberries here are curved and blue." What is the expression of a sentence?
A: This is a well-known poem describing the love between men and women, and it is a monologue of Qin's thinking about women. The poet made a pun, expressing the spring of nature and reasoning about the love between men and women; It also uses the homonym of "silk" (thinking) and "branch" (knowing) to connect the feelings of missing between men and women in different places.
Read the following poem and then answer this question.
Four ancient folk songs with seven-character poems on love or local themes
Liu Yuxi
The willows in Jiang Shuiping are green, and I can hear the songs on the Langjiang River.
Rain in the east, sunrise in the east, said it was not sunny, but it was still sunny.
Q: What techniques are used in this poem? What kind of thoughts and feelings are expressed?
Answer: "Qing" and "Qing" are homophonic and puns. This is a love song written by the author in folk style, and puns are often used in folk songs. Judging from the first two poetic sentences, the woman is probably sailing on the riverbank where the willows are fluttering and the waves are calm, and she hears the teenagers who love her singing love to her on the shore, but the implicit expression of love gives her the impression that Tao is ruthless but affectionate.