One of the reasons for this phenomenon is that the highly centralized political system has imprisoned the literati's free spirit, and the other is that Neo-Confucianism in the Song Dynasty has bound the literati's thoughts. Coupled with the negative influence of "traditional literature" in the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty, it was difficult for the literati in the Song Dynasty to develop freely and formed an introverted character. Because of the great achievements of poetry in Tang Dynasty, the literati in Song Dynasty had to find another way to create poetry. The social environment of internal troubles and foreign invasion also prompted the literati in the Song Dynasty to use literature as a weapon, criticize the current disadvantages, arouse patriotic feelings, and make the literati in the Song Dynasty naturally move toward "taking literature as poetry".
Poems were written by Han Yu and Su Shi.