2. The moon is homesick-causing feelings of parting, such as "Looking up, I found it was moonlight, and sinking back again, I suddenly thought of home." (Li Bai's Silent Night Thinking) For example, "The small building was easterly again last night, so my country could not bear to look back on the bright moon." (Li Yu's "Yu Meiren") Looking at the moon and thinking about the old country shows the special pain of the monarch who has perished. For example, "There are 300,000 people in the village, and I look back at the moon for a while." Hundreds of thousands of soldiers in moraine, desert and vast desert all looked up at the rising moon for a time and could not restrain their homesickness.
3. Willows fold willows to bid farewell. Since the Han Dynasty, people have often expressed their feelings of parting by folding willows, which triggered the yearning for distant relatives and the homesickness of travelers. For example, the poem "Farewell" tested by 1987: the willows are hanging on the ground and the flowers are flying in the sky. Willow branches are broken and flowers are flying. Will pedestrians come back? Because of the homophonic sound of "willow" and "willow", the ancients often used folding willows to express their deep feelings of farewell. This custom began in the Han Dynasty and flourished in the Tang Dynasty. In the Han dynasty, there was a tune called "Folding Willow", which expressed farewell feelings in the form of playing. In the Tang Dynasty, Baling Bridge in Xi 'an was the only place for people to leave Chang 'an when they went to all parts of the country. Surrounded by willows, Baling Bridge became a famous place for the ancients to fold willows to bid farewell. For example, the poem "Willow leaves every year, Baling is sad to leave" was used by later generations as the source of farewell allusions. Therefore, there are poems in the text, "Qingyang is more separated from strangers." In "Lin Yuling", Liu Yong expresses the sadness of parting with "Where to wake up after drinking tonight, Yang Liuan, where the wind is resting".
"When I hear the sound of the flute breaking the willow, I don't see the spring scenery", which means that the tune of "breaking the willow" in the flute spreads far away, but I don't see the willow green and spring scenery, so as to express my feelings of sighing for the spring. "Who can't afford to miss home?" It's about hearing the tune of "folding willow" tonight. Who doesn't miss his hometown?
4. Cicada is virtuous. The ancients thought that cicada eating wind and drinking dew was a symbol of nobility, so the ancients often used cicada's nobility to express its noble character. "Tang Poetry" says: "Every time a cicada sings, it respects its nature." Because cicadas live on high branches, eat wind and sleep outdoors, and don't eat fireworks, so their moral character belongs to lofty type. A political prisoner is listening to Luo's Cicada: "Who knows if he is still singing?" Li Shangyin's Cicada: I am pure in mind, so I long to live a pure life like you. Wang's: "I am noble and I am in pain." Yu Shinan's Cicada: "It is not the autumn wind that makes you aloof." They all use cicadas as a metaphor for noble morality.
Bananas are often associated with loneliness and sadness, especially parting. In the south, there is the joy of bamboo and silk "rain hits banana" and the sad sound. Li Qingzhao once wrote: "Who planted banana trees in front of the window and filled the atrium?" Yin is full of heart and leaves are full of love. " Pour out sadness and melancholy and complain about bananas. Wu Wenying's "Tang Duoling": "Where to synthesize sorrow? Leave people's hearts to autumn. Plant a banana and it will be chilly if it doesn't rain. " Ge Shengchong's Little Crimson Lips: "How many idle worries, dreaming of chasing banana rain." It's sad enough that the rain hits the banana, and it's even more sad that the dream soul chases the rain and hits the banana leaves.
6. In China's classical poems, Cao Fang is a metaphor of leaving hate. "Chu ci? Zhaoyin soil: "Wang Sun swims without returning, and spring grass grows." "Lush" means lush spring grass. Spring grass is lush, spring scenery is sultry, and Iraqis have not returned, which inevitably makes homesick women stay upstairs. Yuefu "Song of Harmony"? Drinking horses in the Great Wall Cave ","Grass beside the Qingqing River, connected with Philip Burkart Road. " Stand up with "grass by the green river" to express your thoughts about the Iraqis in the distance. Bai Juyi's Farewell to Ancient Grass: "wildfire never quite consumes them, the spring breeze is blowing high. Sweet on their husband's road, Cui Jing met a desert city. " Li Yu's Qing Ping Le: "If you hate like spring grass, you can go further and live better." With endless spring grass, far away from the horizon, it is a metaphor for the sadness of parting.
7. Vegetation contrasts desolation with vegetation prosperity to express ups and downs. For example, "after ten miles of spring breeze, wheat is green." (Jiang Kui's "Yangzhou Slow") The spring breeze is ten miles, and Yangzhou Road, which was once very prosperous, is now full of green wheat and desolate. "The old garden is barren, Yang Liuxin, and Lingge's oratorios can't win the spring. ......& gt& gt
Question 2: What is a poetic image? The common images in poems are the images that China's traditional poems emphasize on images and artistic conception. However, what is image and what is artistic conception are often vague in middle school textbooks. Modern Chinese Dictionary (added in 2002) also thinks that artistic conception is "the realm and artistic conception expressed by literary and artistic works through images", and images are "artistic conception", which are completely consistent. Indeed, in many cases, both can be consistent.
vegetation
1. plum blossom-the first to bloom, proud of frost and snow-dare to be the first, not afraid of power-a gentleman
Plum blossoms resist cold and snow, and jade bone ice muscles are narcissistic. They first open in the cold, and then bring out the fragrance of blooming flowers. Therefore, plum blossoms are highly praised and praised by poets.
2. Orchids-elegant and fragrant, elegant posture-pursuing indifference-gentleman hermit
Orchids, called vanilla in ancient times, include many plants with fragrant flowers and leaves, such as Eupatorium adenophorum and Pogostemon cablin, which are used for fumigation, bathing and evil spirits, but not for viewing. It was not until the late Tang Dynasty that people discovered another kind of blue grass, which was born between the valleys and cliffs in Shan Ye, with beautiful flowers, and began to plant and develop. The ornamental value of orchids is more and more loved by people. Appellations such as "orchid", "bluegrass" and "Lanhui" are gradually used to refer to what we call "orchid" today, that is, orchids. Orchid is a traditional flower in China, which has profound cultural connotation and external aesthetic characteristics.
Orchid, fresh and not turbid, pure fragrance, beautiful flower posture, symmetrical posture, vigorous leaf shape, staggered changes, elegant charm. Because classical poetry often describes its elegance and fragrance, the grass feels sorry for itself, and because of the fragrance and graceful appearance of orchids, orchids are often used as metaphors for beautiful things. For example, Lan Jiao-like-minded people, Lan Tu-bright future, blue quality-blue quality. Orchid poems such as:
3. Bamboo-honest in nature, pure in mind, lush in green-honest and modest, loyal and noble-hermit gentleman
Bamboo was loved by ancient China literati and poets, and entered the classical literature. It is no accident that it is deeply loved in China's traditional poetry and painting art, because it has the indomitable heroic spirit and the measure of "being straight outside and penetrating inside", and it has become a symbol of China's national character, which has a lot to do with the recluse culture.
(1) The ancients associated the natural form of bamboo with people's moral pursuit. Bamboo cultivation, which claims to be a gentleman, compares the characteristics of bamboo, such as firmness, straightness, emptiness and chastity, to the moral cultivation of a gentleman. * * * Qin Louyue in Guangxi? Zhu Yong vividly described this metaphor: "Sexual chastity, tender branches and leaves can be written. Cantu wrote that the four seasons are always accompanied, and the thatched cottage is romantic. Lonely festivals are natural, and modesty will never fade. There is no fading, the shade is swaying, and the voice is crisp. "
(2) Metaphysicists, hermits and poets like to talk about metaphysics and Taoism in a lush environment, and these pictures are increasingly entering their poems.
4. Chrysanthemum (yellow flowers, Dongli)-blooming in autumn, with elegant colors-Ling Gaobin cream, not afraid of dignitaries; Indifferent to fame and fortune, not seeking Wen Da-a recluse gentleman.
(1) Autumn blossoms-Lingbing Ao cream, not afraid of powerful people, stick to the evening festival-Shi Zhi.
In autumn, everything is dying, and the earth presents a bleak and depressed scene. Chrysanthemum slowly spits out its core and greets the harsh test of nature with thin branches. It will not shrink back because of the danger of the environment, nor will it be complacent because of the lack of leaves and huge roots in Gao Qian. It proudly shows its vitality and has the spirit of ice cream. Even if the old, the weak, the sick and the disabled are dying, they still flow with pure fragrance, put in heat and declare immortal fighting spirit; Chrysanthemums bloom at the end of the year and the beginning of the year, which neither competes with spring flowers nor loses the elegant demeanor of summer green. Only the notebook kept the festival, and finally it became the smile of the earth to human beings before the cold winter, in which the weathered personality fragrance was scattered and the festival was adhered to. When it is personified, Ju's character becomes a benevolent gentleman in the real society.
(2) Elegant color-indifferent to fame and fortune, not seeking Wen Da-a hermit.
In terms of "color", chrysanthemum has no national color; As far as "fragrance" is concerned, there is no strong fragrance; In terms of "taste", there is no sweetness; In terms of "posture", there is no elegance. It is not attractive, people are attracted by it, mostly because they cherish its simple nature. The elegance and simplicity of chrysanthemum is also personified in the poems of past dynasties, and the unity of human and chrysanthemum has become the spiritual carrier of literati who are indifferent to fame and fortune and do not seek Wen Da. After personification, Ju became a hermit in the real society.
Grass-flowing in order at any time, green grass reaching the sky-touching sadness and yearning-shows the feeling of parting and traveling.
"The annual spring grass is green", and the grass flows in an orderly way at any time, which is easy to touch long-lost worries; In the exhibition of space, the grass is lush and unattainable, which seems to lead people's thoughts into the distance. Yuefu's Grass by the Green River >>
Question 3: The common images in ancient poems represent many meanings.
Green, blue and green wire rope
Love and marriage become a whole.
Although pleasing to the eye
When it is frightened.
Another hundred acres of trees;
Question 4: Common images in poetry; common images in classical poetry.
Flowers and plants
Chrysanthemum: secluded, noble and refined.
May: I am proud of Snow White, strong, indomitable and in adversity.
Herun: Gao Jie.
Peony: Rich and beautiful.
Corn: the sadness of parting (the prosperity of the country is now, and the decline of the country is in the past)
Bloom: hope, youth, the brilliance of life.
Flowers fall: withered, frustrated, frustrated in life and career, yearning for spring, nostalgia for beautiful things, and nostalgia.
Grass: vigorous vitality, endless life, hope, desolation, remoteness, hatred and humble status.
tree
Straightness of the tree: ups and downs of career and life.
Yellow leaves: withering, beautiful withering, metabolism
Green leaves: vitality, hope and vitality.
Pine and cypress: firm, proud, strong and full of vitality.
Bamboo: Honest and positive.
Indus: Bitter.
Liu: Farewell, nostalgia, sadness and beautiful spring.
Wind, frost, rain and snow clouds:
Waves: the ups and downs of life
Dongfeng: Spring, beautiful.
Spring breeze: open-minded, happy and hopeful.
Lu: Life is short and fleeting.
The gloomy sky: depression, sadness and loneliness.
Turbulent waves: life is sinister and rivers and lakes are treacherous.
Gail: The power to make trouble and destroy the old world.
West Wind: Lonely, Melancholy, Declining and Wandering Home
Xue: Pure, beautiful, harsh environment and rampant evil forces.
Light rain: spring, hope, vitality, vigor and subtle education.
Smoke: the gloom and gloom of emotions, the confusion and gloom of the future, the failure and disillusionment of ideals.
Rainstorm: cruelty, enthusiasm, political struggle, the power to eliminate evil and the power to cleanse filth.
First frost: Life is easy to get old, the social environment is bad, evil forces are rampant, and life is bumpy and frustrated.
River water: the passage of time, the shortness of time, the long sadness and the trend of historical development.
Animals:
Sub-rule: miserable, miserable
Fish: Free.
Honghu Lake: Ideal and Pursuit
Ape: Sorrow and biting.
Crow: a villain, an ordinary person and a mediocre person.
Sha Ou: Degeneration and sadness.
Dogs and chickens: the breath of life, rural life
(Thin) Horse: Pentium, Pursuit, Wandering
Goose: Loneliness, homesickness, homesickness, tidings and news.
Eagle: Stiffness, freedom, hard work in life and successful career.
Object:
Jade: noble and elegant.
Sha Ying (Crown): Official position and fame.
Color category:
White: pure, flawless, funeral
Red: Passionate and unrestrained, youthful and happy.
Green: hope, vitality and peace.
Blue: elegant and melancholy.
Huang: Warm and peaceful.
Purple: noble, beneficial to the country and the people.
Black: darkness, despair, solemnity, mystery, nostalgia for the dead and an ill-fated life.
Other categories:
Hero: Admire, shame and sigh.
Villains: disdain, ambition, introspection, flogging.
Monuments: nostalgia, past prosperity and present decline (country), decline and depression (monuments are generally closely related to the ancients)
Grassland: vast, life realm, human mind.
Fairyland: elegant, beautiful, clean, forget the dust and dislike the customs.
Heaven and earth: people's smallness, short life, broad mind and emotional loneliness.
Country: homesickness, disgust, rural scenery, life breath, simplicity and beauty, ease and tranquility.
City (street): bustling, rich and luxurious.
Dawn: the first hope
Chaoyang: Hope, Vitality and Vigor
Sunset: Lost, depressed, cherish a beautiful and short life.
Late at night: melancholy and nostalgia ... >>
Question 5: What are the common images in ancient poetry?
1, plants 2, animals 3, musical instruments 4, nature 5, places.
1. Plants (metaphor or symbol): fragrant grass, banana, phoenix tree, pine and cypress, bamboo, plum blossom, orchid, chrysanthemum, peony, peach blossom and flowering.
1, Cao Fang: (1) The endless and ubiquitous spring grass is far away from the horizon, which is a metaphor for the sadness of parting. Yuefu Poems: Grass by the Qingqing River and Philip Burkart Road.
(2) Expressed endless hope: Bai Juyi: The vast grass crosses the plain and comes and goes with the four seasons. Wildfire can't burn it out, but the spring breeze can revive it. 2. Lotus: Because "lotus" and "pity" are homonyms, there are many poems about lotus in ancient poetry to express love. For example, "Xizhou Qu" by Yuefu in the Southern Dynasties: "Lotus is picked in autumn in the Southern Tang Dynasty, and the lotus is over the head; Bow your head to get lotus seeds, which are as green as water. "
3. Plum blossom: totally, indomitable character. Wang Anshi's plum blossom "is far from snow, because it has a delicate fragrance." The poem not only describes the reasons why plum blossoms are scattered by the wind, but also implicitly shows the purity and whiteness of plum blossoms, which has received the artistic effect of good fragrance and lewdness. Lu you's "operator": scattered into mud, crushed into dust, only the fragrance remains. Plum blossom is used to describe a person's unfortunate experience of being destroyed and his noble sentiment of not wanting to go with the flow.
4. Pine and cypress: It symbolizes loneliness, tenacity and unyielding. "The Analects of Confucius": "Cold will know the decline of pine and cypress."
5, bamboo: green and straight, thriving and indomitable. Zheng Banqiao: "I insist that the green hills are not relaxed, because the roots are breaking the rocks. A thousand blows are still strong, and the wind is east, west, north and south. " 6. "Liu" image
(1) The words "Liu" and "Liu" are homophonic, which often means parting. "Where to wake up tonight? Yang Liuan and Xiao Feng's "Canyue" three sentences express Liu Yong's nostalgia for his lover.
(2) In front of the eaves and behind the houses, it is often used as a symbol of hometown. "A tall building in Wan Li is like Tingzhou." Expressed Xu Hun's infinite concern for his hometown.
(3) "Willow" catkins are erratic and often used as a way to send sorrow. "Excuse me, how much leisure, Yichuan tobacco, town wind. It rains when the plums are yellow. " A few words vividly illustrate the depth of Zhu He's sadness at this time.
7. Separation: The Book of Songs? There is a saying in "Millet Parting" that the doctor of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty passed the old capital of the Western Zhou Dynasty and saw that the old capital was full of millet, thus lamenting the destruction of the ancestral temple. Later, "plum tree" was often used to express regret and sadness about the prosperity and decline of this country in the past.
8, vegetation: compare the desolation and prosperity of vegetation to express ups and downs. The steps are dotted with green grass in spring, and birds are chirping happily under the leaves. (Du Fu's "Shu Xiang"), there are weeds and flowers beside Suzaku Bridge, and the sunset at Wuyi Lane is oblique. (Liu Yuxi's Wuyi Lane). Sang Yu's Huai Nan Zi: "When the sun sets, the scenery is at the end of the tree, which is called Sang Yu." "Sang Yu" refers to the place where the sun sets and the corner of the sun shines, which was later compared with the old times. For example, Wang Bo's Preface to Wang Tengting: "The cold corner has gone, and the mulberry is not too late."
9. Chrysanthemum symbolizes nobility, seclusion and exquisiteness; Peach blossom symbolizes the beauty's face; Peony symbolizes nobility and wealth; Huayang symbolizes falling and scattering.
Animals: cuckoo, crow, swan goose, bluebird, partridge/Sha Ou, cricket, cicada, ape, swallow, fish.
1. Crow: According to superstition, it is an ominous bird. It often appears in graves and other desolate places. In ancient poetry, it is often associated with decadent and desolate things, and sometimes compared with villains or ordinary people. Qin Guan: Outside the sunset, 10,000 points are in the west of Western jackdaw, and the water flows around the lonely village. Ma Zhiyuan: The old vine is a faint crow, the small bridge is a flowing family, the ancient road is a thin horse, and the heartbroken people are in the end of the world.
2. Hongyan and Jade Bird: In ancient poetry, they are messengers of books, referring to audio information. Bluebird, it is said that the Queen Mother of the West has three bluebirds. One of them was sent as an emissary to inform Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and the other two came with the Queen Mother of the West to serve her. Li Shangyin: There are not many roads from Pengshan to Bluebird. Listen! -Give me what she said! . Li Z: The bluebird doesn't spread the news outside the cloud, and the lilacs are sad in the rain. Li Qingzhao: When the words return, the moon is full of the West Building.
3. cricket: also known as promoting weaving, meaning melancholy. The Book of Songs? Hurricane? July: "July is in the wild, August is at home in September, and crickets come under my bed in October." Describe the rules of cricket in detail. At that time, the ancients thought that the sound of cricket was similar to that of a loom, and the season was late autumn, so it was associated with the promotion of people's textile, the preparation of winter clothes and even the lack of recruitment.
Nineteen ancient poems: the bright moon
Open and aboveboard, promoting and singing the East Wall.
4, cicada: living in high branches, sleeping in the wind, not eating fireworks, metaphor for noble character. Poetry "Three Musts" Luo "Political Prisoners Listen to Cicada" His flight went through the fog heavily, and his pure voice was drowned in the world of wind. Who knows if he is still singing? Who is the heart of the table?
......& gt& gt