"The Book of Jin Wang Xizhi Biography" said: "Elegant, good at taking food supplements, not happy with the capital. When you first cross Zhejiang, you must be indomitable. Huiji has beautiful landscapes. Many celebrities live here, and Xie An also lives here when he is not an official. Sun Chu, Li Chong, Xu Xun, Zhi Dun, etc. They are all famous for their literary significance, and they are as good as Xi. " In the seventh year of Yonghe (35 1), Wang Xizhi was appointed secretary and mayor of Huiji (general of the right army, literature and history of Huiji) and recommended Sun Chuo as secretary-general (long history of the right army). At that time, Xie An lived in seclusion in the East Mountain of Huiji, Xu Xun lived in the West Mountain of Huiji, and the monk Zhi Dun lived in seclusion in the Tongshan Mountain of Huiji.
On March 3rd, the 9th year of Yonghe (353), Wang Xizhi took his eldest son Xuanzhi, his second son Ningzhi, his third son Huanzhi, his fourth son, his fifth son and his seventh son to offer sacrifices, and invited 37 talents and celebrities, including Xie An, Xie Wan, Sun Chuo, Sun Si, Tan, and the eminent monk Zhidun, to assemble the Lanting for renovation. At the right time, they either take their boys or concubines, or sit arm in arm on both sides of Qushui with Maggie, and put the wine full of wine into the water and let it go downstream. Whoever stops in front of it will have to improvise poetry. Hui Ji quoted Tian Zhangbei as saying, "If the poem fails, there will be three great punishments." Party * * * got 37 poems, and Wang Xizhi prefaced in "In addition to wine".
Yonghe nine years, aged in Guichou, will gather in Lanting to repair things in late spring and early spring. A group of smart people never miss, but some of them are long and salty. There are mountains here, and there are bamboo cultivation in Maolin; There is also a clear stream, which reflects left and right, thinking it is a stream, followed by a row. Although it is not as prosperous as the string of silk and bamboo, it is enough to love.
It's sunny, sunny and breezy. Looking up at the size of the universe and overlooking the variety, it's enough to enjoy watching and listening. I believe in coke.
A lady's phase, throw her life, or arm in arm, talk about one room; Let the waves go because of the entrustment. Although the choice is different, calm is different. When it is happy with what it has encountered, it will gain something from itself temporarily, and it will be self-sufficient without knowing the coming of old age. What he is tired of is that his feelings are advancing with the times and his feelings are sentimental. I'm happy about it. It's a thing of the past between pitches, so I still have to be happy about it. The situation is short-lived, and it will end in the end. The ancients said, "Life and death are great." It hurts!
Every time we look at the reasons for the excitement of the ancients, if we unite, we will not be without sorrow, and we can't compare it to something in our chests. Knowing that a dead life is a false birthday and the destruction of Peng Qi is a mistake. Look at the present in the future or look at the past today. Sad husband! Therefore, as soon as people go public, they record what they say. Although the world is different, they are happy and they are one. Later visitors will also be impressed by Sven.
This understanding of life, life, universe, time and space, and nature enables them to forget the pain of the past and fear of the future, taste the freedom without attachments in the realm of self-sufficiency, and experience the unrestrained relaxation and vastness of the sky. "Go with the sigh of the four seasons, looking at everything and thinking about everything; Sad leaves fall in the golden autumn, and I like soft and fragrant spring. " (Lu Ji's "Wen Fu") Time is ruthless, and even such a grand event as Lanting Gathering will soon pass. What is the mood when people walk home drunk? "The sunset is far from waking up, and it is raining all over the sky in the West Building." (Xu Hun's Farewell to Xie Ting) This sparseness and coldness will only make people more confused and sad. "No matter the rise and fall of the country, the sunset will accompany the guests." (Baoji's "Going to Jinling Again") Time passes mercilessly in silence, and after the prosperity, it is lonely. "The floating world has been robbed by dust, and the empty river still flows wild" (warning "Climbing the Yellow Crane Tower"), heaven and earth are eternal and life is in a hurry. What a sad and sad reality this is! In the meeting of Lanting, they may realize the objectivity of natural metabolism and relax freely from the late spring when trees spit out new buds; Or feel the shortness of life from the change of time series, and use natural landscapes to resolve stagnant feelings; Or try to find the comfort of life and the rest of the soul in the embrace of nature.
Sakyamuni believes that life is the root of suffering. Some scholars in the pre-Qin period in China believed that human suffering originated from human wisdom, so people should abandon wisdom. In the process of pursuing social ideals, people will never forget their own realization. This kind of self-realization includes both maslov's content about human needs and the satisfaction of human's natural attributes. The realization of people's natural attributes is the direct driving force of social progress and an important factor for people to produce various ideals. Man's natural attribute is the basis of man's species, and it is also the only power source for man to actively transform nature and make himself live and live more comfortably. Publicity of human nature has always been the theme of the development of human society. In the era when civilization was still very rough, witchcraft helped human beings realize their dream of surpassing themselves. When human civilization is developed to express thoughts and feelings freely, culture and art, especially literature, have become the carrier of this theme. Lao Dan cleanses Xuanjian, Zhuang Zhou dreams of butterflies, and enjoys luxury and fashion. Confucius smells Shao but doesn't know the taste of meat in March. Ruan Ji, Liu Ling, Ji Kang, Xie An and Tao Yuanming ... pursue physical pleasure to beauty, that is, spiritual satisfaction and sublimation. The quality of life of this liberated group is beyond the reach of future generations.
More than a thousand years later, in the Ming Dynasty, Liu's confidant visited Lanting and wrote "La Jin Jing Lan Ting":
The right army pavilion rests on barren hills, and Wanheyan recalls the past. ?
Bamboo brings red spring to spring, and clouds seal the blue stream and rain begins to harvest. ?
Different generations of mountains and rivers are rewarded with leisure, and the silk tube is already full of worries. ?
Every March, the grass is green, but Xie Wang should be lonely. ?
"The mountains and rivers are different, and the silk tube is full of sorrow." Flowing time turns gorgeous people into dust, although this is a topic that is always confusing. Times have changed, and people today can no longer reach and repeat the depth and breadth of Xie Wang's romantic life. Comply with the publicity of the spirit of the soul, don't bow to the knees, laugh at the top of the mountain, travel with prostitutes and indulge yourself. As long as you do what you want, it is chic, which is the breadth and depth of Xie Wang.
For thousands of years, The Preface to the Lanting Pavilion has touched history and men and women who read it from generation to generation.
For thousands of years, The Preface to the Lanting Pavilion has created a unique spiritual hall in every reader's mind with its endless, boundless and far-reaching time and space.
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During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, social turmoil and political darkness challenged the exclusive position of Confucianism, especially the rise of metaphysics, which led to the multicultural pattern of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism and pushed China culture to a glorious period. The combination of metaphysics and natural landscape has found a way to another spiritual home with harmony, brilliance and adaptability for depressed literati. "The Analects of Confucius Yongye" says: "Confucius said:' Wise people enjoy water, while benevolent people enjoy Leshan. Wise people move, benevolent people are quiet. Wise people enjoy water, but benevolent people live long. "Confucius endowed the natural landscape with moral qualities such as kindness and wisdom. Water is everywhere, just like wisdom is everywhere, which brings us vitality. Indulge in mountains and rivers to gain a kind of moral strength, shape a lofty and heavy mountain of benevolence and righteousness, and make personality reach a perfect realm. " "The Analects of Confucius Advanced" also records that Ceng Dian said: "Mo Chun, the spring clothes have become, and the champion is five or six, and the boy is six or seven. Taking a bath was embarrassing, the wind was dancing, and they came home. "Confucius also yearns for this idle noble taste and sentiment. However, the scholars in Wei and Jin Dynasties were not satisfied with Confucius' taking nature as the reference of personality norms. They are "thin and boring" and "make nature more famous". They want to find their soul's destination and spiritual conversion in nature and solve the stagnation brought by reality. They are out of date, and their direct source is the thought of Laozi and Zhuangzi. " High mountains and dense forests, living in high soil, make me feel beautiful and happy! The joy is not over, and the sadness follows. I can't resist the sadness and happiness, but when it passes, I can stop it. Sad husband! The world has always been a rebellious ear. "From the moment of birth, life will come to an end step by step. Taoism's thought of being wild and carefree, returning to nature, entering the forest to cultivate health and become immortal, and Buddhism's concept of "bamboo is full of truth, yellow flowers are gloomy, and nothing more than prajnaparamita" provide nourishing soil for free and easy social fashion. Song Linbu's Spring Returning to the Stream says: "The unique bathing interpretation still exists, which makes people linger here all day. "Wen Tianxiang's" Yongmei in February "said:" In late spring, give me a bath to release the sky. "What people want is not only the joy in nature, but also the transcendence of nature in the joy of natural landscape, and the liberation of the mind and the freedom of the spirit. The so-called "drunkenness" means not wine, but mountains and rivers. The joy of mountains and rivers, the place where the heart is, and the place where the wine is. " (Ouyang Xiu's Zuiweng Pavilion) gained insight and transcendence in the landscape, abandoned the shackles imposed by people themselves, and made people return to their true self-the unity of spirit and flesh. "Heaven and earth, the inverse of everything. Time flies, and a hundred generations have passed. And floating like a dream, for the joy of geometry? " Since we realized and feared the finiteness of life, human beings have been trying every means to escape death and prolong the limit of life, and have been thinking about the value and significance of life. Not satisfied with the real world, the pursuit of surpassing the real world has become the eternal desire of human beings. After Wang Xizhi resigned, he traveled around the mountains and traveled across the sea, enjoying fishing with literati, and lamented, "I should die with joy!" (Biography of Wang Xizhi in the Book of Jin) However, under his elegant appearance, who knows what kind of helplessness and sadness is hidden?
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Xiuze, although it has a long history, the prosperous ceremonies are just another kind of folk interpretation, full of strong primitive religion and superstition. In the Tang Dynasty, Du Fu wrote the poem "Two Ways": "On March 3rd, it was sunny and sunny, and many beautiful people enjoyed the cool by Chang 'an Waterfront", which was a reflection of this grand occasion. Before the Lanting party, there were many "infant" poems by Ji You. Poems on the same subject have also been written in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cai Yong's Essay on Mourning for the Past, and Xun Xu, Zhang Hua, Lu Ji and Wang Gan in the Western Jin Dynasty. In "Poems on March 3 Qushui", it says: "In late spring, the lake is clear, swimming in the ravine, spitting in the east, tumbling and clearing itself, folding in Linchuan, the forest is green and thin, the canoe sinks and flies, drumming and watching the fish jump." At the same time, there are many poems about immortals. Guo Pu's Poems of Wandering Immortals said: "I am proud of my legacy, and I am worried about loneliness." Ruan Ji, Ji Kang, Dan Tao, Liu Ling, Wang Rong, Ruan Xian and Xiang Xiu often gather under the bamboo forest to "play bamboo forest" and enjoy themselves. Although people's knowledge and understanding of sentimental landscape had reached a considerable level before the Lanting gathering, only the Lanting gathering eliminated the mysterious religious color and rose to an elegant cultural event, raising the joy of landscape to a level with more cultural and philosophical significance. Before Lanting gathered momentum, a famous gathering of scholars was the Golden Valley Meeting of Shi Chong and others.
In the sixth year of Jin Yuankang (29 1), Shi Chong was appointed general Lu, overseer of Xuzhou military affairs, and general Xi was appointed to offer a toast to Xu Jiang, the king of wine, and returned to Chang 'an. Before he left, he and 30 people, including Pan Yue, got together in Jingu Garden (now Luoyang North), and Shi Chong prefaced the poetry collection.
In the sixth year of Yuankang, he went out from Taifuqing, and in order to make it, he supervised Qing and Xu military affairs and recruited generals. There is a place called Belu, which is located in the Jingu River at the county boundary of Henan. Ten miles away from the city, high or low, there are clear springs, Maolin, bamboo forests, cypresses and fragrant grass. Ten hectares of farmland, 200 sheep, chickens, pigs, geese, ducks, etc. Everything is ready. There are also pheasants, fish ponds and earth caves, all for entertainment. Wang Xu, the general of the West, returned to Chang 'an, and Yu and all the sages were sent away. Banquet day and night, moving repeatedly. Or climb a mountain or sit by the water. The piano is built, the car is installed, and the road is built. And live, make and advocate recitation. Therefore, each of them writes poems to express their feelings. If you can't, you will be punished for three fights. Feel the eternity of life, fear the eternity of decay. So I listed the official numbers, names and ages of the people, and later wrote poems. Good guy, take a look later!
Compared with Wang Xu, Xu Shi is magnificent. Wang Xu has an elegant and clear cultural connotation, which shows that people no longer indulge in singing and dancing, but get spiritual scouring and emotional lodging from the quiet scenery; The aesthetic consciousness of time and space is raised to the height of philosophy, and the profound meaning of the vast universe and the world is understood in intonation. The depth of people's feelings and enlightenment from the preface to the king, as well as the cultural significance they can achieve, is much deeper than that of the Stone. Wang Xu's inner style is light and profound, and his understanding of the universe, life, time and space is more profound. After comparing the two sequences, Su Dongpo said, "It is said that Lanting will be better than Jingu, but not as good as Lun Ji. I am very happy to escape. All the clubs in Jingu are friends of dust. Jilun is to Shao Yi what a kite is to a swan. " The so-called "friends beyond the dust" are those who flatter others and are humble. Shi Chong strives for wealth and makes him angry, and he is arrogant and extravagant. In order to please a friend, let a beautiful woman accompany him to persuade him to drink. Guests who don't drink it will be killed like leeks in the garden. What they fear and grieve is only their rich life, and what they pursue is only vulgar instinctive enjoyment.
"My son said in Sichuan:' The deceased is like a husband, not giving up day and night!' (The Analects of Confucius) Confucius' feelings include not only lamenting the passage of time and unfinished business, but also philosophical enlightenment to time and eternal thinking. Similarly, thinking about life and life also constitutes the theme of Preface to the Lanting Pavilion, which shows the persistent dream of the passing of life and hopes that human life can be as eternal as nature. Xu Shi experienced life sensibly, and Wang Xu revealed philosophy rationally. To understand the Lanting Gathering, only by deepening the spirit of the Book of Changes and integrating with everything can we feel the mystery of the universe and life. Only in this way can we understand the intoxication from Ji Kang's "self-satisfied temperament and mysterious mind" to Wang Xizhi's "looking up at the vastness of the universe and overlooking the richness of categories, so it is enough for audio-visual entertainment"; Only in this way can we appreciate the beauty of rolling mountains and rivers and the realm of blending mountains and rivers with people's spiritual world; Only in this way can we transcend the limitations of narrow body view, pitch the world, extend life personality and spiritual feelings in the infinity of the universe and the eternity of time, and experience gorgeous and leisurely life feelings.
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Sun's "Book Score" said: "With the Lanting, I think I am superb." Wang Xizhi's Lanting poems represent people's pure hearts and world outlook in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. "Great chemical industry, everything is different. The poem "Although the group sounds are uneven, I am new" is full of strong cultural, aesthetic and philosophical colors. Although the nature is different, the blue sky and green water are boundless, but they all meet me. I understand the world with a fresh, lively and free mind, and feel that everything is showing a new soul and a new life. Everything exists to "suit me", which embodies the unity of nature and subject, and heaven and man. More importantly, it shows that talents are the main body of this world. This is not only an affirmation of human value, but also a sign of human self-sufficiency, maturity of subjectivity and awakening of life consciousness.
Everything is mixed, and it is safe to feel Peng Yu's sadness. (Xie An's Preface to Lanting Collection)
Flying birds caress the Han tour, and the scales leap out of the clear. (Xie Wan's "Lanting Poetry")
As long as it is suitable, the echo will wander on the balance. (Xie Yi's Preface to Lanting Collection)
God is scattered in the universe, forming waves after waves. (I said "Preface to Lanting Collection")
Jiahui will travel happily, open and clear. (Wang's Preface to Lanting Collection)
When birds sang a long stream, Bian Feng was shocked by all the sounds. (Sun Tong's Preface to Lanting Collection)
Shizhen doesn't want to? Forgetting taste is smelling Shao. (Sun Chuo's Preface to Lanting Collection)
Who is mysterious? Yu Fang for thousands of years. (Sun Si's Preface to Lanting Collection)
Dissipate one's feelings and clear one's worries. (Wang Xuanzhi's "Lanting Poetry")
When driving, you can travel and enjoy Tianjin. (Wang Ningzhi's Preface to Lanting Collection)
Transcendent and independent, it is true that ancient and modern. (Wang Huan's Preface to Lanting Collection)
Jiahui's happy trip is refreshing. (Wang's Preface to Lanting Collection)
Scattered mountains and rivers, forget the shackles. (Wang Huizhi's Preface to Lanting Collection)
Stir water to make fragrant mash, and it will be tired and scattered. (Yuan, Preface to Lanting Collection)
Linchuan is a happy fish, is it a proud fish? (Wang Binzhi's Preface to Lanting Collection)
The scattered feelings went smoothly, and the dust tassel suddenly donated. (Wang's Preface to Lanting Collection)
I flew to Qujiang and I was very happy with Zhu. (Xu's Preface to Lanting Collection)
When you are crazy about what you want, there is no hometown to wander. (Cao Hua's Preface to Lanting Collection)
These poems not only describe the fresh and beautiful natural landscape of Lanting in colorful ways, but also express the feelings of hoping for the mountains and rivers to win spiritual transcendence; This not only expounds the metaphysical thought, but also praises the vitality of life. Some have both the meaning of metaphysical poetry and the atmosphere of landscape poetry. As a metaphysical poem, it reveals a brand-new and unprecedented artistic conception. The meaning of life and the realization of life value are people's awakening and liberation. Although it can't cure society, it can save itself. It transcends the beauty of secular, elegant and chic life state, and has the dual significance of philosophy and aesthetics. It has both profound and abstract human life in the philosophical sense and profound and concrete life full of aesthetic activities and life sentiments. Spiritual freedom radiates not only the human spirit itself, but the broad-minded and chic beauty. They are open-minded, natural and unrestrained, self-appreciative, complacent and arrogant. They regard the world and life as ever-changing, fleeting, hypocritical and impermanent beings, and put life consciousness in the cosmic relationship characterized by beautiful scenery of mountains and rivers. People's inner world and life feelings induce the existence of people's own life in the spiritual significance and life rhythm of mountains and rivers. People's life consciousness not only endows the natural landscape with life meaning, but also tastes the profound meaning of people's own life rhythm and life perception in the broad sense of landscape life, which forms a profound and quiet echo with all things in the universe.
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Sun Chuo's Preface to Lanting said: "The ancients used water as a metaphor to talk about it. If you don't stop, it will be clear, and if you mix it, it will be turbid. Feelings are transferred by what they have learned and aroused by what they have encountered. Therefore, if they are aroused in the market, they will be full of frustration. Wandering in the forest is a lonely ambition. Yang Zhantang, but far away; When you are near Taige, you can explore ways to increase your feelings, talk about ambiguity, and find ways to repeatedly borrow mountains and rivers to ease it. One foot in the eternal sun, when a hundred years of flooding; Since late spring, it's only on the banks of Nanjian River. Chihiro mountains, long lakes and vast land are powerful. Is separated by grass, net in the mirror, see in the flowers, fish and birds view, things have the same glory, wealth is salty. So harmony is based on alcohol mash, which is completely philosophical and definitely awkward. How do I feel that Peng Yu is two things! The spirit is shining, the scenery is rushing to the west, and happiness is also related to time. Reciprocating, new things change, today's traces are clear, and the old things are brought up again. I believe there is a reason for the prosperity of the original poet.
Sun Xu is generally consistent with Wang Xu in basic ideas and styles. Sun Xu expressed a theory of body sensation. "Love moves because of learning, and things flourish when they meet." Different environments have different feelings. From the change of time series, we feel the shortness of life and send out the indifference of survival and life. The only way to dispel this sadness is to borrow mountains and rivers, ease stagnation, live freely through natural mountains and rivers and be detached from the outside world.
It was this Sun Chuo who wrote the poem "Jasper Song" for Jin, the concubine of Sima Yi, the king of Runan: "Little girl of Jasper, I dare not climb your virtue. Feeling a thousand dollars, the whole city is ashamed. When Jasper broke the melon, she felt the opposite. Feeling that Lang is not ashamed, turn around and hold Lang. " From this poem, we can appreciate his multiple charms. His "Tiantai Mountain Fu" is still popular.
In the wild interest of mountains and rivers, they find the freedom of life and the value of individual existence, and thus pursue a life suitable for students, or yearn for immortals, or live in seclusion in the mountains, or indulge in the mountains, and intuitively perceive themselves in nature, so as to achieve the freedom of body and mind and the liberation of soul.
Sighing that life is too short, pursuing immortality, taking medicine and drinking, talking about Laozi and Zhuangzi and studying San Xuan are both indulgent and philosophical, which constitutes the so-called Wei-Jin demeanor of chic innovation, detachment and inaction. The combination of deep affection and philosophical wisdom shows a direct aesthetic style, which is the so-called romantic style in Wei and Jin Dynasties. Although Lanting School did not leave a written record of their manners, we can get a glimpse of their rich and profound thoughts and feelings from the poems, prefaces and postscripts and Shi Shuo Xin Yu that have been handed down to this day. Xie An's pride and calmness in the drowning war; Wang Xizhi's belly is in the east bed, which is chic and charming; Visiting Dai on a snowy night ... Through the limitation of time and space of the words "Preface to the Lanting Pavilion", our eyes are always full of graceful and romantic shadows, which are lingering.
Preface to Lanting Collection is a handwriting of Wang Xizhi when he was drunk. His calligraphy art has a lofty position in the history of calligraphy in China, and is known as the first running script. Wang Xizhi's accomplishments in calligraphy earned him the title of calligrapher. Wine plays a great role in exerting artistic talent. Li Bai has hundreds of fighting poems, and Huai Su "cried three or five times with anger, and the wall was full of words." "Drunk letters come in two or three lines, and books are not allowed after waking up." "New Tang Book" said Zhang Xu: "Every time I get drunk and call myself crazy, I write a book with my pen or my head dipped in ink. When you wake up, you think of yourself as a god, and you will never get it back. " Du Fu's "Eight Immortals of Drinking" said that Zhang Xu "took off his hat and exposed the crown of the prince, waving paper like a cloud." Wine pushed the creativity and vitality of Wang Xizhi, Zhang Xu and Huai Su to a blazing climax. Wine liberates people's minds; Alcohol deprives people of self-discipline. In the slight drunkenness of wine, the mood is ethereal and clear, and creativity and vitality are free to play.
Lanting's sincere modality, vivid life, persistent life, and pursuit of life value have crossed time and space, causing the sound of * * * from generation to generation. This is the perception of life. The cultural significance of Lanting Club shows that people's pursuit of spiritual wealth beyond material life is a lofty pursuit hidden in people's hearts. Although this road of seeking is far away, it is impossible to seek the eternity of life, but the power of unremitting pursuit and returning to the essence of life is unstoppable. "I will go up and down to seek" is the essence of the cultural philosophy of Lanting Club.
Lanting Gathering is a cultural feast. Since Laozi, Zhuangzi and Confucius, China literati have made unprecedented discussions on nature, people living in nature, life, life and time and space.
The meeting of Lanting paved the way for the maturity of landscape poetry and landscape prose. The maturity of Xie Lingyun's landscape poems is not accidental, but inevitable.
Lanting poems show the soul of later landscape poems!
Preface to Lanting Collection shows the value orientation of landscape tourism in later generations.
The reason why Lanting Ji Shi is immortal is because of its aesthetic and philosophical thinking on life and its value.