"Pipa? Bai Juyi
Yuan Yuanhe ten years, moved to Sima and Jiujiang counties. Next autumn, I will send a guest to Pukou, and I will hear those pipa players in the middle of the night. Listen to its voice, there is the voice of Kyoto. Ask the man, Ben Chang 'an advocates women and learns to bathe grass. Old age is fading, and I am committed to being a wife. He ordered the winemaker to play a few tunes quickly. I feel sorry for you, but I tell myself the happiness of my childhood. Now I am wandering and haggard, and I have been an official in the Jianghu for two years. I feel comfortable, I feel comfortable. I didn't feel moved until the evening. Because Long song is for them, there are 6 12 words. Life is called pipa xing.
In the evening, I bid farewell to a guest on Xunyang River. Maple leaves and mature rushes rustle in autumn.
I, the host, have dismounted, my guest has boarded his boat, and we raise our cups, hoping to drink-but, alas, there is no music.
Although we drank a lot of wine, we were not happy. When we were leaving each other, the river mysteriously widened in the direction of the full moon.
We heard a sudden sound, a guitar crossed the water, the host forgot to go home and the guests left.
We followed the melody, asked the player's name, and the voice was interrupted ... and then she reluctantly answered.
We moved the boat closer to hers, invited her to join us, and summoned more wine and lanterns to start our party again.
However, before she came to us, we called a thousand times and urged her for a thousand times, but she still hid half of her face behind her guitar from us.
... she turned the tuning pin and tested several strings, and even before she played, we could feel her feelings.
Every string is a kind of meditation, and every note is a kind of deep thinking, as if she were telling us the pain of her life.
She frowned, bent her fingers, and then started her music, letting her heart share everything with us bit by bit.
She brushes the strings, twists them slowly, sweeps them and plucks them, first "Nishang" and then "Six Yao".
Big strings hum like rain, and small strings whisper like secrets.
Humming, whispering-and then mixing together, like pouring large and small pearls into a plate of jade.
Between Guan Ying's words, the bottom of the flower is slippery, under the ice, it is difficult to swallow and flow.
The ice spring is cold and astringent, and the strings condense, and the condensation will never stop.
The depth of sadness and the hiding of sadness are more told in silence than in voice.
A silver vase suddenly burst, pouring out a stream of water, jumping out of the conflict and blow between armored horses and weapons.
Before she put down the pick, her stroke was over, and all four strings made a sound, just like tearing silk.
The east ship was silent, and the west ship was silent. We saw the white autumn moon entering the river.
She tied it thoughtfully on the rope, stood up and smoothed her clothes, serious and polite.
Tell us how she spent her girlhood in the capital and lived in her parents' house in Toad Hill.
She mastered the guitar at the age of thirteen, and her name ranked first in the list of musicians.
Her art even attracted the appreciation of experts, and her beauty attracted the envy of all major dancers.
How did the aristocratic youths in Wuling compete generously? Countless red silks were given to a song.
The silver comb inlaid with shells was broken by her rhythm, and the bloody skirt was stained with wine.
Season after season, joy followed, and neither the autumn moon nor the spring breeze attracted her attention.
Until her brother went to war, and then her aunt died, and the night passed, and the night came, and her beauty disappeared.
Lengma was at the door, so at last she gave her wife to a businessman.
Who, first of all, stole money, accidentally left her and went to Fuliang to buy tea a month ago.
She has been taking care of an empty boat in the estuary, with no companions except the bright moon and cold water.
Sometimes in the middle of the night, she dreams of her victory and is awakened from her dream by her hot tears.
Her first guitar note made me sigh. Now, after listening to her story, I feel even sadder.
We were all unhappy until the end of the day, when we met. We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? .
A year ago, I left the capital and came here. Now I am a sick Jiujiang exile.
Jiujiang is so far away that I haven't heard music, neither strings nor bamboo sounds for a whole year.
My residence is near the town by the river, low and humid, and the house is surrounded by bitter reeds and yellow rushes.
What can you hear here in the morning and evening? The cuckoo's bleeding cry, the ape's sobbing.
I often pick up the wine and drink it alone in the spring morning with flowers and the autumn night with moonlight shining.
Of course, there are folk songs and bagpipes in the village, but they are rough and harsh, and they are harsh in my ears.
Tonight, when I heard you playing the guitar, I felt that my hearing was illuminated by wonderful music.
Don't leave us. Come, sit down. Play it for us again. I will write a Long song about guitar. ..
... she was moved by my words, stood there for a while, and then sat down to play her strings-they sounded even sadder.
Although the tune was different from what she had played before, all the listeners covered their faces.
But which of them cried the most? ? This Jiujiang official. My blue sleeves are wet.
To annotate ...
1, move left: demote.
2. Among them: * * *.
3. Guan: Birds sing.
4. Frog Mausoleum: Ma Xia Mausoleum, which is near the singer's residence.
5. Qiu Niang: the common name of dancers in the Tang Dynasty. This is the general term for geisha.
6. Fighting for the head: fighting for property.
7. Silver grate: an ornament on a woman's head.
8. Floating beam: Jingdezhen, Jiangxi.
9, vomiting sneer: describe hoarseness. Chay (zhāo，zhā)
10, forwarding: just now.
Blue shirts: Tang Dynasty officials wore clothes of different grades and colors. Blue is the lowest clothing color.
12, Yan: (Peng)
13 Chen
14, Di: (Di)
15, Cao
16, grate: (b √)
17, cymbal: (diàn)
18, Jia (gǐ
In the tenth year of Yuanhe, he was demoted to Jiujiang Sima. One night in the second autumn, I sent a friend to Songpukou and heard someone playing the pipa on the boat. The voice is sonorous and longitudinal, with the charm of Beijing. When I asked the man, I realized that she was a geisha in Chang 'an. He studied pipa with two famous artists, Cao and Mu. As she grew older, her beauty gradually declined, and she had to become a businessman's wife. I ordered the wine and set it up, which made her play a few songs happily. She was very sad when she finished playing. Described the happy scene when I was young; But now, wandering and haggard, wandering in the rivers and lakes! It has been two years since I was demoted from Beijing, and I feel very calm and content with the status quo. After listening to her words that night, I felt the taste of being relegated, so I made this long poem for her, with a total of 6 12 words (in fact, the whole poem is 6 16 words), named Pipa Xing.
In the evening, I said goodbye to my friends by Xunyang River. Maple leaves are in full bloom and rustle in the autumn wind. The master got off the horse and walked into a friend's boat. He picked up the wine to drink, but there was no music to entertain him. Gloomily drunk, sad to be separated, to be separated, the vast river flooded in the bright moon. Suddenly I heard the sound of pipa floating on the water. The host forgot to go back and the guests refused to get up.
Quietly ask who is playing the pipa with voice. The pipa stopped, and I tried to speak but I couldn't speak slowly. Get close to the boat and let that man come to see you. Add wine, light a lamp, and set a banquet. After repeated calls, she was willing to walk out of the cabin, holding the pipa in her hand and covering half her face. Twisting the spindle, plucking the strings, plucking two or three times, but not yet playing a tune, I am full of emotions. Every string is sighing, and every sound is meditating, as if telling a dissatisfied story. With my eyebrows raised, I continued to play and play, telling an infinite sad event. Close it gently, twist it slowly, wipe it and pick it. I started to play "Nishang", and later I played "Liuyao". The thick string is noisy, as if it were a sudden storm, and the thin string is cut, as if it were a child's whisper. It's so noisy, big beads and small beads are in a mess, all of which are tracts of jade. How hard it is to cross the flower bottom-how fluently it calls and how hard it is to swallow the spring water under the ice! When the running water freezes, it also freezes the strings of the pipa. Black boy freezes, and his voice stops temporarily. In addition, it also reveals a kind of sadness hidden in the deep heart. At this time, there is no sound, but it is more exciting than sound. Suddenly a silver bottle exploded and water slurry rushed in. Suddenly, a group of soldiers came out, and their swords and guns roared. After the bullet is finished, the plucked string crosses the middle of the string, and the four strings make the same sound, as if tearing silk. There was no one talking on the east and west ships, only a full moon shining in the middle of the river.
I suspect that swallowing the dial and inserting it on the string, tidying up my clothes and standing up is very respectful. She complained, "Originally, she was a girl from Beijing and lived near the Ranling. At the age of thirteen, he learned to play the pipa, and his name was registered in the first part of the teaching workshop. Playing music has won the praise of composers, and combing makeup often causes Qiu Niang's jealousy. Wuling teenagers rushed to give gifts, and a song was exchanged for countless Wuling Shu brocade. The beating time broke the cloud grate on the head, eating wine and splashing bloody skirts. Laugh this year, laugh next year, and spend many autumn nights and spring gently; The same sister married a soldier, and the procuress died. Ruthless time took away the beautiful beauty. The cars and horses in front of the door are getting thinner and thinner. I married a businessman and followed him here. Businessmen only value profits and don't care about parting. Last month, they went to Fuliang to buy tea for business. Leave me at the mouth of the river, I am alone in this empty boat house. Moonlight around the boat Bai Rushuang, the river is so cold. I suddenly dreamed of my childhood in the middle of the night, full of tears, and I was even sadder when I woke up. ……"
I sighed after listening to the pipa, and I was even more embarrassed after listening to these words. The same frustrated people wander in the distance, moved together, so what if they didn't know each other before! I have been ill since I left Beijing last year and was demoted to Xunyang. Xunyang is a desolate and remote place, where there is no music and orchestral music can't be played all year round. Living near Ganjiang River, low-lying and humid, around the yard, try to plant some Huang Wei and bitter bamboo. What do you hear here every morning and evening? Except for the cuckoo's cry, there is only the sad cry of the ape. Spring morning and autumn moon night, take out wine, but often drink it by yourself. Are there no folk songs? No village flute? Oh, the dumb taunt, that sound is really ugly! Listening to the music you play with the pipa tonight is like listening to the fairy sound in the sky, and my ears suddenly become open. Don't go, please sit down and play another tune, and I'll write the lyrics for you. The title is pipa.
After listening to my words, I stood for a long time, then sat down and plucked the strings, more anxious. Sadly, unlike the voice just now, the whole audience couldn't help crying. Who among them cried the most sadly? Jiangzhou Sima tears wet blue!
Commenting on the image of pipa girl created by the poet in this poem profoundly reflects the tragic fate of insulted and damaged musicians and artists in feudal society, and expresses the feeling that "neither of us is happy-we will grow old forever". At the beginning of the poem, I wrote "seeing guests off in autumn night", "suddenly smelling" and "playing the pipa", so I asked for a voice "secretly asking" and "moving the boat" and invited to meet each other. After a long time, the singer came out with his mask half open. This kind of echo and tortuous description laid the foundation stone for the theme of "doomsday reduction"
Then through the description of the music played by the pipa girl, the inner world of the pipa girl is revealed. First of all, there is love in the unfinished music, and then there are strings, sounds and readings, which show the ups and downs of the pipa girl.
Then, she went on to write about the life of the pipa girl: her skills taught her to be "talented and obedient", her appearance was "the beauty envied by all major dancers", the teenagers in Kyoto were "tied with their heads" and "a song gave countless red silks". However, the description of time, such as resentment, longing and crying, and her "singing every night, beauty withers", finally had to "marry a businessman's wife" These songs complement each other and complete the shaping of the image of pipa girl.
Finally, the poet's emotional wave was inspired by the fate of the pipa girl, and he sighed: "We are all unhappy-we meet forever. We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? " Expressed the feelings of being in the same boat and helping each other in the same boat. Poetry is lively, step by step, dotted everywhere.
They are all endless themes. Like a surging river, it is undulating and enduring. Repeatedly chanting, swinging people's minds, infinite feelings. The language is forceful and vivid. Like a shower, like a whisper, concrete burst its banks, the sound of swords and guns, pearls falling on a jade plate and singing at the bottom of flowers. When you read it, you can smell it and feel it.
Bai Juyi (772 ~ 846), a poet in the Tang Dynasty, was named Lotte, a Buddhist in Xiangshan, and Mr. Zuiyin. His ancestral home was Taiyuan (now Shaanxi), and his great-grandfather Bai Wen moved to Xia □ (now Weinan, Shaanxi) and became a Xia □ person. In his later years, he was a formal prince who was not very rich. posthumous title was the white father, Bai Wengong, his grandfather and his grandfather. At the age of nine, he was familiar with this piece of music. 1 1 years old, he fled from Xingyang to Xuzhou R&F (now Suxian North, Anhui Province) because of the battle between the two rivers, and soon went south to Vietnam to go to the cousin of a county commander in Hangzhou. 15, 16 years old, determined to learn and study hard, my mouth was sour. Life is quite hard. In the sixteenth year of Zhenyuan, Bai Juyi was twenty-nine years old, and in the eighteenth year (802), he took the imperial examination with Yuan Zhen and was awarded the title of "scholar". They got engaged here, and later became famous in the poetry circle, known as "Bai Yuan". In the first year of Yuanhe (806), they stopped learning. In the sixth year of Yuanhe, Bai Juyi lost his home because of his mother, and returned to Beijing to be a doctor for Prince Zuo Zanshan. In the tenth year of Yuanhe, the separatist forces of the two rivers jointly rebelled against the Tang Dynasty and sent people to assassinate the prime minister Wu, who advocated the crusade against the separatist forces of the buffer region. Bai Juyi took the lead in arresting the murderer in order to avenge the national humiliation. However, he was attacked by decadent bureaucratic forces as a matter of ultra vires and fabricated the charge of "dishonoring his name". Was demoted to Jiangzhou (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi) Sima. This is a heavy blow to him. In the thirteenth year of Yuanhe, he served as the secretariat of Zhongzhou. In fifteen years, he was recalled to Beijing, worshipped the minister of history, moved the guest of honor, studied the imperial edict, and entered the Chinese book. Because of the state affairs, there was a conflict between the cronies of the DPRK and China, and he repeatedly said that he would not listen. In the second year of Changqing (1926), six wells were dredged in the city for drinking. On the day I left Suzhou, the villagers in the county sent them away with tears. In the first year of Emperor Wenzong Daiwa (827), they visited the secretary supervisor. The following year, Bai Juyi was transferred to assistant minister of punishments. Since the age of 58, he has settled in Luoyang. He has successively served as a passing prince, Henan Yin, and a prince of Shaofu. In the second year of Huichang (842), he became an official with the minister of punishments. He is called "Bai Liu" now. In his comfortable old age, he still often thinks of the people. At the age of 73, he also invested in digging the Eight Stones Beach in Longmen to facilitate navigation. Two years later, he died of illness and was buried at Pipa Peak in Xiangshan, Longmen (see Bai Juyi's tomb in Luoyang, Henan Province). The poet Li Shangyin wrote an epitaph for it. Now it has become a tourist attraction.
Bai Juyi not only left nearly 3,000 poems in his life, but also put forward a whole set of poetic theories. He compared poetry to a fruit tree and put forward the famous argument of "root feeling, Miao character, Watson and true meaning" (nine books at the end of Yuan Dynasty). Bai Juyi inherited China's traditional poetic theory centered on The Book of Songs, and attached great importance to the realistic content and social function of poetry. Poetry is the same thing ("Nine Books with the Same Yuan"). Bai Juyi compiled several poems before his death, first named Bai Changqing Collection, and later renamed Bai Anthology. * * * Collected more than 3,800 poems, copied 75 volumes, and collected them in Lushan, Luoyang and their grandnephew's home in Suzhou. It is an engraving of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1131~162), with only 7 1 volume and more than 3,600 poems (including dozens of other people's works), 1955. Ma Yuandiao republishes Changqing Collection 7 1 volume, which is basically the same as Shaoxing edition. In addition, the movable type book 16 18 of Bona Daoyuan, Japan, which was reproduced and published by the Commercial Press, is the same as the Shao edition. In the Qing Dynasty, Wang Liming printed 40 volumes of Poems of Bai Xiangshan. He also compiled two volumes of Waiji, collecting Bai's biography, Bai's important preface and postscript, and a short chronology. In terms of research materials, both new and old Tang books have biographies of Bai Juyi, and both Chen He have chronicles. Close to Chen's Poems and Cen's Bai Changqing. The Volume of Bai Juyi contains the critical materials from the middle Tang Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty, and the Study of Bai Juyi by Hideki Hayashi of Japan is an important reference book for the study of Bai Juyi.
Bai Juyi is an outstanding realistic poet in ancient China after Du Fu. He lived for more than 70 years, which was a period of rapid development of various contradictions and conflicts after the An Shi Rebellion, and also a period of decline in the Tang Dynasty. The complicated social reality is fully reflected in Bai Juyi's poems. There are nearly 3,000 poems by Bai Juyi today, the number of which is second to none among poets in the Tang Dynasty. His achievements are mainly manifested in two aspects: First, political satire. The first is a long narrative poem represented by Song of Eternal Sorrow and Pipa Xing. The former revealed almost all the crux of social pathology at that time in his works. The latter has its own twists and turns, detailed plot description from beginning to end, complete and vivid characterization. Language and tone are particularly smooth and symmetrical, beautiful and harmonious. This is a new type of poetry, which was called "a thousand-word poem" at that time.
In the tenth year of Yuanhe, (8 15), he colluded with the courtiers of the DPRK in the province of Wuyuanji, and sent people to stab Prime Minister Wu and Chang 'an in chaos. Bai Juyi was a doctor in the East Palace at that time, and he was a sinecure to accompany the prince, so he could not ask about state affairs. However, he couldn't restrain his anger, wrote to arrest the murderer, and was eventually demoted to Jiangzhou Sima on charges of exceeding his authority. Five years later.
Mainly leisure poems and sentimental poems. Sentimental poems: Song of Eternal Sorrow and Pipa Travel.
Leisure poem: Farewell to Ancient Grass
It was during his period of "being alone" that he made a magic weapon of "being wise and protecting himself" through running-in with Confucianism, "Lotte know life", Taoism, "knowing enough and not humiliating" and Buddhism, and regretted that "standing at the age of 30 is full of right and wrong".
later stage
(that is, the death penalty for Jiangzhou Sima)
It is mainly composed of allegorical poems. The masterpiece is selling charcoal Weng.
The official career is smooth sailing, and he always holds the purpose of "pleading for the people" and "saving the world".
earlier stage
(From being an official to being demoted to Jiangzhou Sima)
Characteristics of poetry
Life characteristics
period
Bai Juyi's Life and Poetry
representative works
The Everlasting Regret
Pipa player's song
Poetic lines-a genre of ancient poetry. Song Wang Zhuo's "Bi Ji Man Zhi" Volume 1: "Ancient poetry is called Yuefu, which means poetry can be sung. Therefore, there are songs, rumors, lines and songs in Yuefu. " Song Zhao Cao De's "guǒ" Volume 1: "Every song begins with a sound, which means it is quoted. ...
Chibifu
Chibi Fu is divided into pre-Chibi Fu and post-Chibi Fu.
[1, "Qian Chibi Fu"]
Introduction: Chibi Fu:
Give the article a title. Su Shi's works in Northern Song Dynasty. There are two articles before and after. It was written by the author when he went to Huangzhou (now Huanggang, Hubei) and Chibi (Chibi Collection) twice. Thousand red walls are famous. Mourning historical sites in Fu expresses the author's love for landscape and broad-minded mind, but there are also negative thoughts on the nothingness of life.
original text
In autumn, on July 16th and 16th, Su Shi and his friends went boating in Chibi. The breeze blows gently and the water can't reach the surface. Raise a glass to propose a toast to one's companions, recite articles related to the moon, and sing praises to chapters. Not long after, the moon rose from Dongshan and hovered between the Big Dipper and the cow. Milky white fog across the river, clear water. Let the boat float on the boundless river and cross the boundless river. Vast as the wind in Feng Xu, I don't know where it ends; Floating like an independent world, feathering into a fairy.
At this time, he was very happy to drink, slapping the ship's rail with his hand and singing. The song says: "Gui Gui is like a blue paddle, striking the sky and tracing the streamer. I am in my arms, looking at the beauty and the sky. " There are people who make up by blowing a hole in the song, and their voices are sad: they cry when complaining, and they make trouble when complaining; The sound is endless; It can make the dragon dance in the deep valley and make the widow in the lonely boat cry.
Su Shi's face was sad and sad, so he sat up in a corner and asked the guest, "How do you know?" ? "The guest said," There are few stars in the moon, and blackbirds fly south. Isn't this a poem by Cao Mengde? Looking at Xiakou in the west and Wuchang in the east. The mountains and rivers are winding and gloomy; Isn't this Meng Zhizhi trapped in Zhou Lang?
Fang Qi broke Jingzhou and went down to Jiangling, downstream to the east. It is thousands of miles long, covered with flags, drunk on the river, writing poems sideways. The hero of the solid world, now? My son and I, firewood over Zhu Jiang, make friends with fish, shrimp and elk, and belong to each other with a boat and a bottle. It's a drop in the ocean to send a mayfly into the earth. Lament the moment of my life and admire the infinity of the Yangtze River; Fei Xian went on a trip, holding the bright moon and dying; I couldn't understand it at the moment, but I heard about it in Hengtai. "
Perilla said, "Do you know my husband's water and the moon? The deceased is like this, but he has never been there; If you are full of emptiness, the dead will not ebb and flow.
Gai must look at it from its own changes, and heaven and earth cannot be temporary; If you look at it from its constant point of view, then everything is endless to me. What do you envy? Between heaven and earth, everything has its own master. If it's not mine, it's a dime. However, the breeze on the river and the bright moon in the mountains are audible to the ears and visible to the eyes. Inexhaustible, inexhaustible. That's the creator's endless hiding place. My son and I are in the right place. "
Guests smile, wash the lights more carefully, the dishes are exhausted, and the cups and plates are messy. Sleeping on the boat, hugging each other, I know the horizon has turned white.
translate
In winter in Ren Xu, on July 16, my guests and I took a boat to play under the Red Cliff. The breeze blows slowly, and the waves on the water are quiet. Raise a glass to persuade guests to drink together, recite poems "Moon Out" and sing chapters "Graceful and restrained". After a while, the moon rose from Dongshan and hovered between Dou Su and Niu Su. A white fog enveloped the river, and the water was sparkling and connected with the sky. Let the water boat drift freely and float on the boundless river. The river is far away, and the ship is flying in the air, and I don't know where it will stay; On the cloud nine, it's like leaving the world, without attachments, and becoming a fairy soaring into a fairy fruit.
At this time, drinking wine, I was very happy, so I knocked on the ship's rail and sang songs. He sang: "Paddles made of osmanthus and Aoki beat the clear water waves and went upstream on the river floating in the moonlight. My feelings are far away, looking at the beauty in my heart, far away in the horizon. " Some guests will play the flute, accompanied by singing, and the flute will sob, like resentment, like nostalgia, like sobbing, like whispering. After blowing, the sound is long, like a slender silk thread. This sound can make the hidden dragon dance in the abyss and make the widow in the lonely boat cry.
I was a little sad, so I sat up straight and asked the guest, "Why are you making such a sad voice?" The guest replied: "The moon stars are rare, and crows fly south." Isn't this a poem by Cao Mengde? Looking west is Xiakou, looking east is Wuchang. Surrounded by mountains and rivers, plants are lush. Isn't that where Cao Cao was defeated by Zhou Yu? When he took Jingzhou, captured Jiangling, and went down the river, warships ran for thousands of miles, banners covered the sky, drinking on the river and chanting poems with spears. This used to be a hero. Where is it now? Besides, you and I are fishing and firewood in the small continent in the middle of the river, with fish and shrimp as partners and elk as friends; Toast each other by boat; Entrusting ephemera's short life between heaven and earth is a drop in the ocean. Sigh the shortness of our lives and envy the endless Yangtze River. I would like to walk with God and live forever with the bright moon. Knowing that this wish can't be realized at once, I had to pin this helpless mood on the tune and play it in the sad autumn wind. "
I said to the guest, "Do you know the truth about water and the moon? The water just keeps flowing away, but it never does. The moon is round and short, but it has not been lost or grown. It turns out that if we look at it from the aspect of change, everything between heaven and earth has never been fixed in the blink of an eye; If we look at things calmly in the same way, then things and ourselves are endless. What do we envy? Besides, between heaven and earth, everything has its own master. I won't take anything if it's not what I should have. Only the breeze on the river and the bright moon in the mountains, when you listen, you hear the sound. When you look with your eyes, you see color. No one can forbid it and enjoy it endlessly. This is the infinite treasure of nature, and you and I can share it together. "
The guest smiled happily, washed the glass and filled it again. All the vegetables and fruits have been eaten, and the cups and plates are in a mess. Everyone slept on the boat, leaning against each other, and unconsciously, the white dawn had appeared in the East.
Writing background
"Red Wall Fu" was written by Su Shi when he was demoted as the deputy envoy of Huangzhou Tuan after the Wutai Poetry Case was solved. In the fifth year of Yuanfeng (1082), the author went to Chibi outside Huangzhou twice in July and October and wrote two travel notes. Later generations used to call the former "Chibi Fu" or "Pre-Chibi Fu" and the latter "Post-Chibi Fu". Here is the last article. In fact, Su Shi didn't go to Chibi where Zhou Yu defeated in the Three Kingdoms, but to Chibi where Zhou Yu defeated Cao in the northeast of Jiayu, Hubei. Here, the author just touches the scene, uses the legends at that time, and uses topics to express his inner anguish after being relegated and his understanding of life in the universe.
Distinguish and appreciate
1 paragraph, write a night tour in Chibi. The author, a boater under the Red Cliff, plunged into the embrace of nature and enjoyed the beauty of cool breeze, dew, mountains, running water, moonlight and skylight. When I was in the mood, I recited the first chapter of the Book of Songs casually, and the moon came out. Shu Yao corrected it, and he was very sad. "Compare the bright moon to a beautiful woman with a good figure, expecting her Ran Ran to rise. In response to the poem "The Moon is Out", "Xiaoyan, the moon rises from Dongshan and lingers between bullfights." And leads to the following song cloud created by the author: "Looking at beauty and loving the sky", which is consistent in emotion and style. The word "wandering" vividly depicts that the soft moonlight seems to have incomparable attachment and affection for tourists. In the bright moonlight, white fog enveloped the river, and the sky and water became one piece, which is the so-called "autumn water * * * sky is one color" (Wang Bo's Preface to Wang Tengting). At this time, tourists are open-minded and unrestrained, so they are "like reeds, at a loss", drifting in a boat, just like flying in the wind in space, leaving this world calmly and detached; It's like flying into wonderland with wings. The vast river and free and easy mind jump out of the author's pen, and the joy of boating is beyond words. This is a passage in this article that describes the scenery of "boating" in a positive way, conveying feelings with the scenery, and the scenery is good.
In the second paragraph, the writer's drinking and singing joy and the guest's sad flute sound. The author is extremely happy to drink and sing to express his disappointment and frustration in thinking about "beauty". The "beauty" mentioned here is actually the embodiment of the author's ideal and all the beautiful things. The song says: "Gui Gui is like a blue paddle, striking the sky and tracing the streamer. I am pregnant, and I hope that beauty is on one side. " This lyric all adopts the meaning of "Songs of the South, Less Thinking": "Look forward to a beautiful future and sing a magnificent song in the breeze", which embodies the content of "reciting the poem of the bright moon and singing a graceful chapter" above. I can't see it because I want to be beautiful. I have expressed my frustration and sadness. In addition, Hakka plays, according to its songs, Xiao's tone is sorrowful. "If you complain like a hope, you cry like a complaint, and the sound is like a wisp", in fact, it attracts the dragons hidden in the ravine to dance and makes the widows in the lonely boat cry. One of Dong Xiao's songs is mournful and tactful, and the sad tone is touching, which makes the author's feelings change suddenly, from joy to sadness, and the article is also ups and downs.
The third paragraph, write the guest's sigh about the impermanence of life. This part is endowed with historical sites, not the natural scenery of Chibi. The host asked "what is nature", and the guests answered with the monuments of Chibi, and the arts and sciences turned to nature. But this article is not about Chen Qi, but uses two questions. First of all, based on Cao Cao's Short Songs, I asked, "Isn't this a poem by Cao Mengde?" He is also better than the mountains and rivers in front of him and asks, "Isn't this because Meng Dezhi is trapped in Zhou Lang?" Two questions made the article sensational again. Then, it tells the story of Cao Cao breaking Jingzhou and forcing Liu Cong to surrender. At that time, the mighty Cao Jun descended from Jiangling along the river, with warships connected by thousands of miles and banners covering the sky. Cao Hao is full of pride, cocky, drinking the river at the bow and writing poems horizontally, which can be described as "the hero of the world"! Where is he now? Heroes like Cao Cao are only famous for a while, not to mention our generation! Therefore, now I can only sigh the shortness of life, envy the ever-flowing river, and hope to intersect with the gods and be with the bright moon. However, all these are unrealistic fantasies, which is why sadness and sadness are conveyed through flutes. The guest's answer shows a nihilistic thought and a negative outlook on life, which is one aspect of Su Shi's revealing thoughts through the guest's mouth.
In the fourth paragraph, Su Shi stated his views on the impermanence of guest life in order to understand each other. The guest once "envied the infinity of the Yangtze River" and wished to "embrace the bright moon and end up long". Su Shi took Jiang Yue Ming Yue as a metaphor and put forward that "the deceased is like this, but never had it; If the surplus is lacking, the dead will not ebb and flow. If we look at things from the perspective of change, the existence of heaven and earth is only a blink of an eye; If things and people are endless from the same perspective, why envy the river, the bright moon and the land! Naturally, there is no need to "mourn for a lifetime"! This shows Su Shi's open-minded world outlook and outlook on life. He is in favor of looking at the problem from multiple angles instead of absolutizing it. Therefore, in the face of adversity, he can maintain an open-minded, detached, optimistic and adaptive mental state, get rid of the impermanence of life and treat life rationally. Then, the author further explains that everything in the world has its own owner, and individuals can't force it. So what is our everything? The breeze on the river can be heard, the bright moon in the mountains is colorful, the mountains are endless, the wind and the moon are eternal, the world is selfless, and the music is entertaining. We can look around and enjoy ourselves. This situation is due to Li Bai's "Xiangyang Song": "The breeze and bright moon don't need a penny to buy, and Yushan won't be pushed", and then it deepened.
In the fifth paragraph, after listening to the author's dialogue, the author turned grief into joy and drank heartily. "Pillow in the boat, I don't know Oriental White." After reading the beginning, I wrote about the happiness of traveling and enjoying. As for forgetting my gains and losses, it is a realm of detachment.
Fang Bao, an ancient prose writer in the Qing Dynasty, commented on this article as follows: "What you see is unique, but the literary environment is unattainable, and the goodness is open because of leisure, and there are no distractions in the chest. It is exposed and fully considered. I don't know why. It's just that others can't imitate it, and even if Zi Zhan is conscious again, it can't be so adaptive and fluent. "(Quoted from the Collection of Comments on Ancient Chinese Literature) Su Shi showed his broad-minded mind through various artistic techniques. Only by being selfless and open-minded can we write "Red Wall Poetry", which has an unattainable literary environment.
[2. Houchibi Fu]
original text
It is the hope of October and will return to Lingao after starting from Tang Xue. The two guests never gave Sakamoto the yellow mud. Since the frost has fallen, the leaves have fallen, and the figure is on the ground. Look up at the bright moon, take care of it, and sing and answer. He sighed: "there are guests without wine, wine without food, and the moon is white and clear." What a wonderful night! " The guest said, "At dusk today, I got a fish with a huge scale, like a Songjiang perch. How about Gu 'an's wine? " Go home and find a woman. The woman said, "I had a beer fight and hid it for a long time, just for fear that my son would need it." So I swam to the red cliff with wine and fish. The river is noisy, and the shore breaks thousands of feet; The mountain is high and the moon is small, and the truth comes out. Once the sun and the moon were geometric, but the mountains and rivers were unrecognizable. Jade wears clothes, walks stones, wears velvet, lives in tigers and leopards, climbs dragons, climbs storks' dangerous nests and overlooks the secluded palace in Feng Yi. You can't cover two guests at will. However, the whistling, the vibration of vegetation, the sound of mountains and valleys, and the wind and water are surging. Giving is also quiet and sad, awe and fear, and it is impossible to stay. Instead, get on the boat, let it flow and stop it. It will be half past midnight, and I will be lonely. There is a solitary crane, and the river comes from the east. Wings, like wheels, suddenly rang and swept to the boat and left to the west.
The guest left, gave it and fell asleep. I dreamed that a Taoist priest was wandering under Lingao and said, "The joy of Chibi?" Ask his name, but don't answer. "alas! Hey! I know all about it. Those who flew past me in the past night are not evil.