Judging from the number of words in poetry, there are so-called four-character poems, five-character poems, seven-character poems and miscellaneous poems. Four words are four words, five words are five words and seven words are seven words. After the Tang dynasty, it was called modern poetry, so it was usually divided into five words and seven words. Five-character ancient poems are referred to as five ancient poems for short; Seven-character ancient poems are referred to as seven ancient poems for short, and those who use three, five and seven characters at the same time are generally considered as seven ancient poems.
Classical poetry can not only rhyme, but also rhyme. In phonology, we should also distinguish between upper phonology, lower phonology and lower phonology. Generally speaking, different tones cannot rhyme. The rhyme of ancient poetry is slightly wider than that of metrical poetry; You can use one rhyme alone, or two or more rhymes together. However, the so-called transgene is not arbitrary; It must be adjacent rhymes to be universal.
According to the general situation, these three tones can be divided into fifteen categories, as shown in the following table:
The first category: Pingsheng Dongdong; Upper vocal swelling; Go to voice to send songs.
The second category: Pingsheng Jiangyang; Speak out and improve; Go find the sound.
The third category: the flat branches are slightly aligned, and the paper ends of the sound are not removed.
The fourth category: Pingsheng Fish Fear, Shangsheng Language; Go to the voice meeting.
The fifth category: Pingsheng Jiahui, Shangsheng Crab Bribery and Qusheng Taigua Team.
The sixth category: Pingsheng Wen Zhen and the original class, Shangsheng Qinban and Ruanban, Qusheng Zhenban and the original class.
The seventh category: delete the first half of the yuan with a flat voice and a cold voice, dry grinding and half a voice, silence and wish.
The eighth category: Xiao Yaohao in the flat voice, Xiao Qiaohao in the upper voice and Xiao Xiaohao in the bass voice.
Category 9: Flat-voiced songs, with high notes and low notes.
Category 10: Ping, Shang and Qu.
Eleventh category: Pingsheng Geng Qing, Shangsheng Beijing and Qusheng Beijing.
Category 12: Flat steaming.
The thirteenth category: even sound is excellent, the upper sound is there, and the sound is gone.
Fourteenth category: invasion with sound, going to bed with sound, and going to bed with sound.
The fifteenth category: sound salty and frugal, sound salty and frugal, and no sound.
Rusheng can be divided into eight categories:
The first category: curtilage nest.
The second category: sensory drugs.
The third category: pledge and half-month.
The fourth category: jackals and half moons.
The fifth category: Mo Xi.
Category VI: posts.
Category VII: Seizure.
Class VIII: Hinge joints.
Note: After merging into several categories, there are still seven rhymes used alone. These seven rhymes are: singing steam, especially invading posts.
Give a few examples to prove it:
Fifty-nine Ancient Poems (Record 2)
Lipper
fourteenth
Hu Guan spared the sandstorm, but Xiao Suo died. The tree turns yellow, and the climb looks at Rong Hong. Abandoned cities are empty and deserted, and border towns are completely blocked. Bones covered with frost, cragginess covered with hazel. Who abused it? The arrogance of heaven is terrible. He was angry with me, and he worked hard for the drums. Yang loves to kill, and it kills Sao zhongtu. 360,000 people, crying like rain. If you are sad, you will serve, and you will have a farm. Don't look at the garrison, do you know the hardships of the mountain? Li is not here, and people are feeding the jackals. (The whole rhyme is used alone)
It's nineteen o'clock
The fairy shines like a star on the lotus peak in Huashan Mountain. Holding a white hibiscus flower in both hands, curled up into a ball. Dressed in colorful clothes, elegant clouds floated high into the sky. I boarded the rainbow platform and bowed to Wei Shuqing. Anxiously follow them and take Hongyan to Zixuan. Inadvertently, the Luoyang Plain was full of soldiers in the Anshi Rebellion. The bones are bloody, and the traitors turn their backs on the court. Qing, Xing, Qing, Bing, Ying and Geng Yun; "Star" and "Ghost", green rhyme. )
Bai Juyi, the injured house
Whose family started in a place, next to Zhumen Avenue? There are rows of houses, and there are loops outside the high walls. There are six or seven halls, building to building. A class costs millions, which is terrible. The bridal chamber is warm and bright, but it can't be dry in cold and summer. Gaotang is empty. You can see Nanshan when you sit down and lie down. There are wisteria stands around the veranda, and red medicine columns are built. Climb branches to pick cherries and move flowers to pick peonies. Master has been an official for ten years. There is rotten meat in the kitchen and rotten money in the treasury. Who can speak my language and ask you between the flesh and blood: is it infinite? Can you stand hunger and cold? How to serve the whole body and protect the Millennium? I can't see the horse's house, so I am Fengcheng Garden. (The rhymes of Yuan, Yan, Yan, Qian and Nian; Yuan rhyme of "Garden"; "Dry", "pillar", "Dan", "official", "cold" and cold rhyme; "ring", "mountain" and "room", delete rhyme. )
"Drunk Song" Lu You
Reading 30 thousand volumes, officials are all in one cabinet; I have studied sword for 40 years, and I have not been stained with blood. Not for Changhong, sweeping the vastness; Not for the strong wind, but for the hail in June. The horse died, and the minister kept the peace treaty. The poor side refers to flying, and the foreign land depends on Beijing pheasant. What's the point? I can't stand wine. Life is food and clothing, and two feet are broken. Although the heart is right and wrong, the mouth does not give promise. Now I'm old, ill, my temples are bald and my teeth are gone. Look up at the sky and breathe less. Starving to death is really bad! A strong heart will never die, and a thousand years will do! ("Hail", rhyming; The rest of the rhymes are medicine rhymes. )
As can be seen from the above examples, although ancient poems can rhyme, poets don't necessarily rhyme every time. For example, the fourteenth song of Li Bai's ancient style uses rhyme alone and has no rhyme. It is particularly important to note that rising and falling tones can sometimes rhyme, but flat tones cannot rhyme, and entering tones cannot rhyme with other sounds. Look at Lu You's drunken songs, except for the word "hail", all of which are medicinal rhymes. Take the word "hail" as an example, it is also a tone, and it is a rhyme. Yao Jue is an adjacent rhyme, which may be related to Yao Yun. The rhymes of ancient poems vary from time to time. The actual pronunciation has changed, and the rhyme is not so strict. The rhyme was slightly wider in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, and the ancient charm was wider after the Song Dynasty.