Russian poet lermontov was born in 18 14 10 year 10 month/5, and died in 1 84/kloc-0 year/July/0 day, only 27 years old. However, in the history of Russian literature, his contribution is immortal, and he is an important poet in Russia after Pushkin in the first half of19th century.
Lermontov was born into a retired military officer's family. He lost his mother when he was a child and lived with his grandmother in Tarhan Nai village in the border province. 1828 entered the boarding middle school affiliated to Moscow university, 1830 transferred to the literature department. The family environment makes him depressed and withdrawn, but he is smart. His poem The Sorrow of Turks, written at the age of 15, expresses this feeling of loneliness and sadness. 1832, he was forced to leave Moscow University to study at Petersburg Military Academy because he participated in activities to boycott reactionary professors. After graduation, he became a title of generals in ancient times officer of the body guard. The observation of the upper class in Petersburg made lermontov's creation gradually develop into critical realism. 1835 wrote the poetic drama Masquerade and the long poem big noble Olza, which exposed and satirized the hypocrisy, darkness and inequality of aristocratic society. Especially in 1837 65438+ 10, the great poet Pushkin died in a duel, and Lymanto immediately wrote The Death of the Poet, which revealed that killing Pushkin was a despicable plot planned by a group of villains around the czar. This incisive political lyric poem was praised by Gorky as "the most powerful poem in Russian poetry". It indicates that lermontov has become a mature critical realism poet.
The poet's death offended the court. 1837, czar Nicholas I arrested lermontov and exiled him to the Caucasus. It was not until 1838 that the poet Rukovski and others were allowed to return to Petersburg. During his exile, he got to know the exiled December Party members and got in touch with the folk oral literature in mountainous areas, which had a great influence on his thoughts and literary creation and created more than 400 touching poems. Especially 1838 began to write the novel "Contemporary Heroes", which is the beginning of Russian social psychological novels.
1840 In February, lermontov was arrested for dueling with the son of the French minister and was exiled to the Caucasus again. The following year, he went to Patigorsk for recuperation due to illness and died in a duel with the retired major Martynov here. This is another murder of a progressive poet planned by the czar government. Lermontov didn't engage in literary activities for a long time, but he inherited Pushkin's tradition and played a role in the prosperity of Russian critical realism literature in the mid-Kloc-0/9th century.