On Zhang's Seclusion (I)
Du Fu
Spring Mountain is lonely without company, and logging in Dingding is even more secluded.
It's cold and snowy in the ravine, and Shimen is oblique to Qiu Lin.
Not greedy for gold and silver at night, swim to elk.
To be fascinated by the source on a whim is to doubt you.
On Zhang's Seclusion (Ⅱ)
Du Fu
See you when you are a son, and invite someone to stay overnight.
Ji Tan's hair is long, and the spring grass deer is yo yo.
Du wine is partial to persuasion, and there is no desire or desire.
Qiancun Mountain Road is dangerous, so don't worry about getting drunk.
Interpretation of Zhang Yinyi's two appreciation words;
(1) "Biography of Li Bai in the Old Tang Dynasty" cloud: Shao, Zhu Xi, a student in central Shandong, was hidden in Culai Mountain. You said in Miscellaneous Narration that "Lu has Zhang Shuqing", which means that Uncle Ming and Uncle Qing are just one person, and there is a mistake between Qing and Ming. Or I'm a brother, too. This is a secluded poem, so he is not human. After 736 AD (the 24th year of Kaiyuan), Li Bai, Gao Shi and Shi Zhao all did this.
⑵ Yu Xin's poem: "A hundred birds crow in the spring mountain." Liu Kunshi: "The only son has no companion." "Yi": "Seeking with the same spirit."
(3) "Poetry": "When logging is tintin, birds are singing. Hum it and ask for its friendly voice. " "preface": "logging", Yan friends are old. Note: "Tintin, the sound of logging." Wang Jishi's poem: "Yingong Mountain is more secluded. "
(4) Wang Taiqing's poem: "Fly the beam to the stream." Zhu Jishi's poem: "Keep the night cold." "Shi Shuo": "Fan Kui stayed in Tao Kan, and the ice and snow accumulated day by day." Ice and snow are still called frozen snow, and ice reads with sound.
5] Geography: Linyi County has a word to help water, and the water has a stone gate, so it is the door to help water. Spring and Autumn Annals: Zheng Qi joined forces with Shimen and Zheng Che helped him. Right here. Shao said he was in Pingyin County, Yanzhou. Today's Publishing House: Shimen doesn't have to refer to the place name, but the poem "Shimen Frost Exposes White" in "Qiaoling" only refers to it in general. Xie Lingyun's poem: "Sleeping on a cloudy stone gate." Yin Keng's poem: "Sunset will set in Liu Cui." Xie Huilian's poem: "Snow falls on the hills of the forest."
[6] Zuo Zhuan: Zi Han said, "I am not greedy." (Zhu Note) The History of the South contains a story about a hermit, Liang's hermit, who knows how to communicate with the gods. He saw hundreds of treasures in Siming Valley and regarded them as tiles. Firewood people fight for it, and it becomes gravel when they start. Gold and silver are similar. "Ground Mirror Map": Anyone who looks at the golden jade sword is served by the rain sooner or later. The golden gas is red and yellow, weighing more than10 million kilograms, as big as a mirror plate. Records of the Historian Tianguan Book: "The land of the defeated army and the city of the broken country are all angry and cannot be ignored."
(7) Yanzi Chunqiu: "It can be said that it can harm people far away." Biography of Historical Records and Lisi: "Moose swam to the DPRK." Guanzhong: Meng Xin, 70 years old, is in the same group as Elk, and is known as Luxian in the world.
⑻ On the World: Wang Huizhi said, "I went on impulse." Zhuangzi is "unspeakable." Note: "It's natural. Deep appearance. " Shen Quanqi's poem: "The source of this mystery." Lu Shi: "Taoyuan lost its place."
⑼ Yu Xin's poem: "The eye of the monarch and the layman." Zhuangzi: "The ark helps the river, but an empty boat touches the boat. Although people who are worried are not angry. " Empty boats are meaningless. The Tang law is divided into four sentences, from the first sentence to the next sentence, each of which is related. For example, in Cui Hao's poem Over Huayin, the first half shows the scenery of Huayin, while the second half shows feelings. The sentence "in front of the temple of Emperor Wudi" is a continuation, while the sentence "pillow on the north side of the river" is a transfer. The first half of Cui Shu's poem "Going to Sendai on the 9th" went to Sendai on the 9th, and the second half was sent to Liu Mingfu. Two sentences of "Three Jin Yun Shan" are inherited, and two sentences of "Closing the Door" are replaced by flowers. Du's method of poetry is the same for all classes. Read the first sentence "Spring Mountain" first, and the second sentence "Tintin Support" first. Read the following four words first, "not greedy", "far harm", "taking advantage" and "suitable for you" are all read first. Knowing that there is reading in the sentence makes the meaning easier to understand.
⑽ refers to Zhang Gong's son. Poetry: "Son of the Other." When the Han Dynasty became emperor, the nursery rhyme said, "Yan Yan, Wei Kou Shui, Zhang Gongzi, see you soon."
⑾ Du Shi: "Saint loves to stay late."
Don't contribute to the pool, which means helping the water. Reporter: The former Zhang Yun "Qiu Lin" and this chapter "Mountain Road", and then we know that we are not helping water. Ji comes to spring, tangent to the scenery. Poetry: "Rise up." "Qi Feng said people" and "justice" regard bream as yellow croaker in Jiangdong. There are no such big fish in Jitan today. It is right to make carp according to Mao Zhuan. Hair, appearance.
[13] Xie Lingyun's poem: "Spring grass is flourishing." Poetry, Yo Yo Luming Literature. Su Wushi: "The deer sings and thinks of weeds, which can be compared with the guests."
[14] Urgent note: The ancients changed emperors to make wine mash, while Du Kang made wine. Wei Wudi Yuefu: "How can I solve my troubles? Only Du Kang. " Du wine: Du Kang makes wine, hence the name; This also means that Shaoling boasts.
⒂ Pan Yue's Leisure Fu: "The Pear of Zhanggong Otani." It can be seen that Zhanggong pear was a famous product at that time; This refers to a pear produced by Zhang. Xie Lingyun's poem: "Sex is nothing more than."
[14] Shen Jiong-shi: "Send the torch to the front of the village." Yang Jiong-shih: "The mountain road goes around the sheep intestines".
⒄ All the big notes: "Zhuangzi": "The meaning of drunkenness is not wine." The last sentence uses its meaning implicitly. Gong's poem "Get drunk before you get light" in Kuizhou means forgetting the good law. Poetry: "Drunk words come back."
Appreciation background of Zhang's two reclusive poems;
This group of poems was written in 736 AD (the 24th year of Kaiyuan), and Du Fu traveled in Qi and Zhao. Zhang may refer to Zhang Jun and Du Fu's Zhang Bie Collection in his later years. Zhang Jianfeng was born in Yanzhou (now Shandong). Zhang Jun is his father.
Theme appreciation of Zhang's two reclusive poems:
This poem describes Zhang's secluded beauty, mentions Zhang's extraordinary virtue and eulogizes their close friendship.
Appreciation of two reclusive poems by Zhang;
There are two poems. The first one is the Seven Laws, which I almost wrote when I first met Zhang Jun and described him as a person. The last four sentences are about scenery, and the last four sentences are about love, which are roughly divided into several sections. If subdivided, the first sentence is Zhang, and the second sentence is seclusion. Three or four sentences cut seclusion, saying that the road is far away, and five or six sentences cut Zhang, saying that people are quiet. The last two sentences are forgotten, and the feelings and environment are very harmonious. Zhu Han said: Look at this poem, it is divided into two parts: oblique sun, night, dynasty, arrival, departure, begging, power and picturesque.
The second song is the Five Laws. I know Zhang very well, so I opened a sidewalk to "meet you when my son comes". Du Jingquan thought that "we should wait until the date arrives", and Du Jingquan thought that "communication is not once".
Although it is a social work, it can be seen that the author is human and funny. This poem is both straightforward and allusive. Straightforwardness and allusion are two common expressions in ancient poetry. If you can't tell them apart, you won't understand poetry. Here, it is very close to each other. If you look directly, it is almost close to the vernacular; If you look at it as a classic, most of them are allusions, and the so-called words have no source. But this is a sign, and it is not surprising that Du Fu's poems often do this. It is really rare to be funny.
For example, when translated into vernacular, you should say "this man" or "this gentleman", but "son" was seen in Shi Mao. The third sentence, there are many carp swimming around in the pool; The fourth sentence deer is eating grass over there, twittering; However, "anchovy (zhān felt) flounder (dial)", "Yo yo Luming Literature, wild apple", see also Shi Mao. Every time I use a classic idiom, it is very stiff and pedantic, but I can't feel it at all here. Therefore, predecessors commented: "Three or four banish six arts, but it is very exquisite." Moreover, Luming Literature's original poem is intended to entertain guests, so although this fourth sentence was written in a real scene, it is already full of affection in the scene, connecting the preceding with the following.
The couplet "Du Jiu" is almost colloquial, but it also uses allusions to describe the surname of the subject and object appropriately. Du Kang was the inventor of wine. "Zhang Gong's Pear Valley", see Pan Yue's Seclusion. He said, the wine belongs to our Du family, but you just came to persuade me; Pears belong to your family, so you can eat them while picking them in the garden, instead of looking outside. The clever use of allusions once again shows the master's feelings. It's already a natural article, especially when it's so light and natural. "Du Shi Jing Quan" said: "Wonderful, hidden." Comfort is a kind of humor.
Poetry is also written through layers. It is a general rule that articles should closely follow the real feelings at that time. But this reality cannot be ignored. In some places, it is better not to conform. There is more than, more than, not very consistent here. Only when they are not very consistent can we express our emotions perfectly, which is a further reality. At the end of this poem, there is a couplet "The mountain road in Qiancun is dangerous, and there is no sorrow after drunkenness". I think the mountain road in Qiancun is very dangerous. I am drunk again and stumble back, as if the blind man was blind in the middle of the night, and there is no reason to worry. Therefore, the last sentence of this poem should really be regarded as "you should be worried when you are drunk", but instead of "you should be worried", he said "not worried". Is it realistic to be "worried" or "not worried"? We should say that "we should be worried" is true; We should also know that "worry-free" is not a real feeling, but it can further express the theme-the host is affectionate, the guests are grateful, and the host and guest are extremely happy.
In this case, no matter whether Lao Du was worried that night, he must say "not worried" anyway. Therefore, in addition, there could have been a more natural and reasonable explanation. I am drunk, so I don't know how to worry; But it has long been denied by the predecessors. Li Tiansheng was quoted as saying in Du Fu's Poetry Review: "The last two sentences refer to an agreement with Zhang Shen, so you can forget the mountain road when you get drunk. If the cloud is drunk and doesn't know, it is shallow. " What Li said is quite right. Du Fu was about to express his dumping and gratitude to his master with worry. If he describes himself as a drunken fool first, his poems will be completely lost, not only ruining the scenery. This sentence also has the meaning of the first couplet. "Invite people to stay late" is the main sentence of this poem.
About the author:
Du Fu (7 12-770), with beautiful words, was born in Gongxian County, Henan Province (now gongyi city, Henan Province) in the Tang Dynasty, and was a great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty. He and Li Bai are called "Du Li" together. In order to distinguish Li Shangyin, Du Mu and Xiao Du Li, Du Fu and Li Bai are also called Da Du Li, and Du Fu is often called Lao Du. Du Fu's influence on China's classical poetry is far-reaching, and he is called "the sage of poetry" by later generations, and his poems are called "the history of poetry". Later generations called him Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu, and also called him Du Shaoling and Du Caotang.
Du Fu lived in the historical period from prosperity to decline in the Tang Dynasty. Du Fu was born in a family of "serving Confucianism and guarding officials" for generations, with profound family knowledge. The early works mainly show the ideal, ambition and expected life path. On the other hand, it also shows his political ideal of "respecting the monarch and obeying his orders, and then making the customs pure". Many works in this period reflected the sufferings of people's livelihood and political turmoil at that time, and exposed the ugly behavior of the rulers. Since then, he has embarked on a life and creative road of worrying about the country and the people. As the politics of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty became more and more * *, his life fell into poverty and disappointment day by day. During his wandering life, Du Fu created such famous works as Spring Hope, Northern Expedition, Three Officials and Three Farewells. In 759, Du Fu abandoned his official position and went to Sichuan. Although he fled the war and lived a relatively stable life, he still cared about his life and managed state affairs. Although Du Fu is a realistic poet, he also has a wild and unruly side. It is not difficult to see Du Fu's heroism and dry clouds from his masterpiece Song of Drinking Eight Immortals.
The core of Du Fu's thought is the Confucian thought of benevolent government, and he has the great wish of "making the monarch Yao and Shun superior, and then making the customs pure". Although Du Fu was not famous during his lifetime, his fame spread far and wide, which had a far-reaching impact on China literature and Japanese literature. About 65,438+0,500 poems of Du Fu have been preserved, most of which are collected by Du Gongbu.