"Nature is natural, but the income is not excessive", which is the fundamental reason for abandoning officials. After several official careers, the poet knows that "self-service" is to lose himself and "be deeply ashamed of his lifelong ambition". Therefore, "hunger and freezing are all cut", and we are never willing to "fight against ourselves and get sick".
Although the language is gentle, the will is as firm as a rock and there is no turning back. As for the "self-termination" because of the loss of my sister, it is only a superficial reason. The preface is a reflection on the road of the first half of life; Ci is the imagination and yearning for a new life when he left the officialdom at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty.
The text begins with "Come home to Xi", which means "Go home!" Straight to the point, I drank my ambition for a long time, as if I took a long breath and felt relaxed. "Will the countryside ruin Hu Bugui?" In a rhetorical tone, back in the game's ambition has been decided.
"Serving the form from the heart, xi is melancholy and sad! Without remonstrating with the past, you can pursue what you know. It's not far from being lost. I don't think today is yesterday. "Back then, in order to make a living, I went out to be an official, and my spirit was enslaved by the body. I feel pain and sadness. Now I have realized that although the mistakes of the past can't be redeemed, there is still time to rearrange the future. The author quotes the lyrics of the crazy connection between Chu and Yu in The Analects of Confucius: "The past cannot be remonstrated, but the future can still be pursued", which is slightly refined and similar in form and spirit.
"Not far from loss, but today is not yesterday, it is true", which is a declaration of awakening and determination. He saw through the filth of officialdom and refused to go with the flow; Realizing that my career is lost, fortunately, it is not far from practice and it is not too late to turn back; A feeling of repentance and happiness cannot be expressed in words. This paragraph is the reason for stating "going back". Reasoning in emotion, studying seriously in sincerity, and showing the changes of thoughts and deep feelings with a calm style.
"The boat is far away, the wind is fluttering, blowing clothes", writing that the boat is downwind, light as flying, and comfortable. "Those who ask the way ahead hate the first light of the morning", and write about the pain of day and night, hoping for a quick return. Asking pedestrians for directions, seeing the secret, can't wait; Only in this way can we hate the long journey and feel that time passes too slowly.
Hate the first ray of sunshine in the morning is to change the long psychological journey back to the feeling of slow time, so as to show his mood in anxious to return. "Looking at Yu Heng, running with joy", writing about the joy and the state of joy when meeting your family for the first time is almost as naive as a child.
"A servant is welcome and a child is waiting at the door." The family welcomed the host to resign and return, and the master and servant were United, and the young and old were consistent, which made the author feel gratified. "Three path barren, pine chrysanthemum still exists. Bring children into the room and have a wine bottle. " After sighing, I felt very sorry for not coming home early. The favorite hand-planted pine chrysanthemum is still intact, and the bottle is full of wine. The loose residence still exists, and the rest is still there; There is a full bottle of wine, which shows that life is enough.
This leads to: "consider drawing a pot yourself and make the court happy." Leaning against the south window is proud, and the knees are comfortable. "These four sentences describe the scene of binge drinking.
"Today, if you ride continuously, you will not be able to sit on your knees." Here, "it's easy to watch your knees" is used to show that you would rather be poor than go out to be an official. This, like "Three Roads Are Not Born", all quoted similar allusions, which seemed to be handy and natural, but also seemed to say their own, which was useless at all.
"Garden Day is very interesting, although the door is fixed and often closed. Help the old man to rest, and correct his head if he goes far. Clouds come out of holes unintentionally, and birds don't know when to fly. The scenery is coming, lonely and lingering. " These eight sentences are about setting foot in the garden, feeling and scenery, carefree and caring. Look at him: on crutches, stop and go at will; Sometimes I look up at the distant scenery; White clouds come out of the mountains and birds cast into the forest, which is enough to make people daydream.
"Clouds come out of the hole unintentionally, and birds know it when they are tired of flying" is not only a description of scenery, but also a lyric; The author is like a cloud coming out of a hole. Being an official is "unintentional"; Like a bird, he was very tired of his official career and finally found an ideal home in the countryside. "
The scenery is going to enter ",writing that the sunset is in the mountains and the twilight is coming; "Touch loneliness and linger" is to express your ambition by holding something to show that the festival of loneliness and faithfulness is so relaxed. During this period, from the living room to the garden, the author immersed himself in poetry, writing various pleasant events and fascinating scenery layer by layer, showing a beautiful realm completely opposite to the filthy officialdom.
"If you love your family, you can play the piano and write a book to eliminate your worries." Listening to your family's confidences and writing a book with the piano as your intimate partner is enough to be happy and forget your worries. The farmer told Yu Yichun that he wanted to do something with Xichou. Pastoral life is obviously poeticized by the author, and romance is more than reality.
"Or life towel car, or a boat. Finding a gully is not only awkward, but also rugged and hilly. " When writing about leisure, take advantage of the opportunity of traveling, climb mountains and wading, and explore secrets. The "bear" or "life towel car" in "rugged hills" refers to land travel; "Graceful and graceful search for the valley" means "or" lonely boat ". The syllables are harmonious and beautiful and easy to read.
"Wood is thriving, and spring blossoms. When everything is fine, I feel that my life journey is over. " Feel the touch of the scenery, feel the endless migration of nature and the shortness of life from the prosperity of everything in spring, and reveal the idea of eating, drinking and having fun in time. Although a little sorry, but the tone is still calm and cheerful.
This section connects the preceding with the following, extending the brush strokes from the living room and garden to the suburban plain and the western hills, further expanding the seclusion world of farmers in Spring City and the western hills; And touching things arouse feelings and make a transition for the lyrical discussion in the last paragraph.
"It has disappeared, how long will it take to form a space? I don't care about staying! " It means that this is just a short moment between heaven and earth. Why not use your own thoughts to decide to stop? "What does Hu Wei want to do?" It is a cross-examination of people who are eager for wealth and wealth, and it is a cross-examination of service to shape the soul.
"Wealth is not my wish, and the emperor's hometown cannot be expected." I don't want to run for glory, nor do I want to take medicine for longevity; What he yearns for is: "when you have a beautiful day, you can go alone or plant a stick." Deng and Lin wrote poems on a beautiful day, traveling alone; Weeding the grass and cultivating the soil, devoted to farming and mulberry; Whistling in the mountains, singing poems in the water; It is enough to be a volunteer for life. Planting its staff and cultivating it, stealing the story of "planting its staff and cultivating it" in The Analects of Confucius. The story of Sun Deng, a hermit in Sumenshan, whistles like the voice of husband and wife.
The author uses them to express his interest. Finally, the full text ends with the words "Talking about riding to the end, answering questions from the destiny of love", indicating that life and death will change with it, and everything will follow, and Lotte know life will spend the rest of his life. This is the author's philosophy and life conclusion. Although it is inevitable to be negative, it is really from the heart and contains painful introspection from vulgar and sinister officialdom. Both sides have a profound experience. Therefore, it is different from the kind of false hermit who talks about Hyunri and pretends to be lofty.
Extended data
Creation background
In the first year of Yi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (405), Tao Yuanming abandoned his official position and returned to the field, and wrote "Returning to the Ci". Tao Yuanming became an official at the age of 29 and has been an official for thirteen years. He has always hated officialdom and yearned for the countryside. At the age of 4 1 in the first year of Yixi, he made his last official career. After more than 80 days, he resigned and went home. I never came out to be an official again.
According to Tao Qian Biography of Song Dynasty and Tao Yuanming Biography of Xiao Tong, Tao Yuanming retired out of dissatisfaction with decadent reality. At that time, the county tour visited Pengze, and officials asked him to greet him with a belt to show his respect. He said angrily, "I don't want to bend over to the children in the village for five buckets of rice!" " "On the same day, I hung up my crown and left my post. I gave the word" come home to Xi "to clarify my thoughts.
In the 18th year of Taiyuan, Emperor Xiaowu of Jin Dynasty (393), Tao Yuanming offered wine to Zhou. In the first year, he was appointed as Peng. During these thirteen years, he became an official several times and retired several times. Tao Yuanming had political ambitions, but the political society at that time was extremely dark. In the second year of Emperor Yuan Xing of Jin 'an (403), Huan Xuan, a warlord, usurped Jin and called himself Emperor Chu.
In the third year of Yuanxing (404), another warlord, Emperor Wu of Song, set out to beg for Huan and entered Jiankang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu), the capital of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. In the first year of Yixi (405), Emperor Wu of Song completely manipulated the military and political power of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. At this time, it was only fifteen years since Huan Xuan usurped Jin. Along with these usurpations, there are countless massacres of dissidents and unjust wars.
Tao Yuanming loves freedom by nature, but at that time, the official atmosphere was extremely corrupt, flattering his superiors, arrogant and arrogant, rampant and shameful. An upright scholar had no place in the political society at that time, let alone realize his ideals and ambitions. After thirteen years of twists and turns, Tao Yuanming finally realized this completely. The fundamental opposition between Tao Yuanming's character and political society doomed his ultimate choice-seclusion.
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