Cultural Development of Jinyang Ancient City

Ancient Jinyang is a famous city in the history of our country, and its site is in Jinyang County, southwest of Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province. Many heroes have lived here in the past dynasties, and many touching things have happened here. According to historical records, it began when Dong Anyu, the retainer of Zhao Jianzi, built the city in the Spring and Autumn Period. Later, when the allied forces of Zhi, Han and Wei besieged, they brought water from Shanxi to irrigate Jinyang (see Shijia). In this battle, they learned that Bo was dead, thus laying the groundwork for Korea, Zhao and Wei to carve up the State of Jin. At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, Liu Kun, the secretariat of Bingzhou, also built Bingzhou City here to defend against the Huns. There was a fierce war. When reading history books, you should say: "Ji: Taiyuan's old city, Liu, Shanxi and Bingzhou secretariat, four feet high, twenty-seven miles a week." There are three cities in the city, one is Daming City and the other is Kuching Yangcheng. Zuo's family said Dong Anyu built it. Gao Qi bought Daming Palace here because it was named Daming City. In the southwest of Jin Yanggong, there is a small town and a temple, Daming Palace. The other city is south of Daming, west of Cangcheng and north of Zhoucheng. In the third year of Wuding in the Eastern Wei Dynasty, Sui changed its name to Xincheng. Jiexing, a new city in the southeast, was built in the sixteenth year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty, in the northwest, now called Cangcheng. Senior four female, Sunday ... "Tang:" Taiyuan, the old capital, lurks in the middle, with a length of 4,321 steps, a width of 2,122 steps and a week of 55,153 steps. Miyagi is in the capital, which is the northwest of Jin Yanggong. In the third year of the great cause of the Sui Dynasty, Jin Yanggong was ordered to camp, and Emperor Gaozu set up a palace in Jinyang, but the Sui Dynasty still did not abandon the city and walked 2520 steps a week. Fendong is called Dongcheng, which was built by Li Ji, a 12-year history of Zhenguan. The two cities are called Midtown, built in Wuhou and merged into Dongcheng. Cui Chuan: Wuhou praised Bingzhou as a long history. At the beginning, the state was divided into two cities, East and West, and Shen Qing merged across the water ... ". Jinci Temple is the western suburb of Taiyuan in Tang Dynasty. Li Bai's poem: "Wandering leisurely in the west of the city, the Jinci flowing like jasper ..." is proof. It was not until the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty that Emperor Taizong leveled the Northern Han Dynasty that the whole Jinyang City was destroyed. From the above historical data, Jinyang Ancient City has three characteristics: First, it has been used for a long time, from the 23rd year of the Spring and Autumn Period (more than 490 BC) to the 4th year of the Northern Song Dynasty (979 AD), which lasted 1470 years. All previous dynasties were prosperous cities. Second, the situation is complicated, and measures of construction, new construction and expansion have been taken throughout the ages. According to historical data, there are seven city walls, large and small. Although the location of Jinyang City has not changed much, some city sites may not be used throughout the ages, and prosperity and waste coexist. Third, Jinyang City was not gradually abandoned but suddenly destroyed by the fire and water of war, so the cultural materials preserved underground may be very rich.

In the past, there were only historical records and general legends about Jinyang ancient city, and no formal exploration was made. In order to cooperate with the excavation and research of Xintian ancient city site in the state of Jin in Houma, it is necessary to systematically investigate the site of Dongzhou ancient city in Shanxi, so we made a preliminary investigation of Jinyang ancient city site in June of 196 1 year, and Comrade Ma Shangzhu of Hebei Provincial Cultural Relics Team undertook the drilling work. Although the investigation was short-lived, it was fruitful. Not only the ruins of the ancient city of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty were found, but also the scope of the ancient city was found. On the other hand, due to the rush of time, some small town sites within the scope of the ancient city have not been systematically sorted out, so it is necessary to make a further detailed understanding of the use of this ancient city in past dynasties.

At the beginning of the investigation, we learned about villages with a long history and visited local people. Then start from the "Nanchengjiao" village, one kilometer southwest of Jinyuan County. Under the Erlang Temple in this village, a relic of an ancient city was found. Through drilling, it is confirmed that most of the ruins of Nanchengjiao Village are located on the ancient city wall. Nanchengjiao Village is L-shaped, which is actually built according to the southwest corner of the ancient city. Ancient city east 18 degrees. Because the rammed earth is hard and dry, the terrain is high and suitable for living, so the village is built on the foundation of the ancient city wall. The wall below Erlang Temple is the south wall of the ancient city. The western section of the south wall extends more than 600 meters from the southwest corner to the east. Because the terrain is getting lower and lower, it has been soaked by rice fields and Fenhe River water for many years, and there is no trace of rammed earth underground. The ancient city is 626.4 meters long from east to west and 30 meters wide. Rammed soil is hard, fine in texture, purplish red, with a thickness of 17 cm and a diameter of 4-5 cm.

There is not much left in the west wall of the ancient city, so we traced it from west to north with a shovel and found that the rammed soil of the underground city foundation is continuous and connected with the residual city on the ground. To the west of Guchengying (from Guchengying Village 1300m), there is a section of the western city wall about 7m above the surface, with a remaining length of about 900m, and the length from the north end (northwest corner) to the southwest corner is about 2700m, which is the whole length of the western city. The northwest corner of the city was destroyed by a north-south canal today, and there are many traces of pole holes on the section. At the same time, the ashes of the wooden column and the cornerstone below the wooden column were found in the rammed soil, and the cornerstone was about 40 cm. The soil quality, color and tamping method are the same as those of the south wall of the ancient city. In the rammed soil at the corner of the city wall, it is found that the direction of the pole hole changes gradually from east to west and then to north and south. This also shows that the ancient city turned eastward in the construction of the city wall, which is the northwest corner of the ancient city. The east-facing wall is the north wall of the ancient city, but not much is preserved on the ground. There are still traces of rammed earth after drilling, and continue eastward. At that time, due to the muddy rice fields, it was impossible to explore eastward, so we had to leave it to the next step to supplement our work. However, judging from the above information and the orientation of the "Dongcheng Jiao" village (actually the northeast corner), the ancient city is about 4,500 meters long from north to south. In this way, half of Jinyang County, Jinyang Fort, Guchengying Village and the ancient city ruins near Guchengying Village are completely included. According to the texture, color and tamping method of rammed earth, we think that this ancient city is the site of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, which is somewhat similar to the "Houmaniu Village Ancient City" and * * * similar to the ancient cities such as Handan, Jianzi and Xia Yan, so it is reasonable to speculate that this ancient city is the ancient city of Kujinyang in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.

We also investigated three ancient city sites related to this ancient city. The first is "Luocheng", which is located in the southeast of "Luocheng Village". People call it "Los Angeles", which is said to be the city of Liu Zhiyuan in the Northern Han Dynasty. The west wall is about 1000 meters long, and its southern end reaches the northwest corner of Kuching Yangcheng, and its southern end is connected with the west wall of Gujinyang City. It flows into Shahe River in the north and a section of Luocheng North Wall in the east, with a length of about 150m and a width of 20m. The northwest corner of Luocheng is in Shahe River in the southeast of Luocheng Village, which is in the same direction as Yangcheng in Kuching, but the rammed soil is mixed. All these conditions indicate that the age of Luocheng architecture is later than Jinyang, and a piece of string pottery in the late Western Han Dynasty was also found in the rammed soil, so it is estimated that the architectural age of Luocheng may be between Han and Jin Dynasties.

The second city site is in the west wall of Jinyang Ancient City, northwest of Jinyuan County. A relic of an ancient city wall about 220m long from east to west was found at the southwest corner of the city 1500m, facing east 18 degrees and about 7m high. Rammed soil is flat rammed with loose soil and many tiles. On and near this ancient city, lotus-patterned tiles and broken-rope-patterned tiles of the Tang Dynasty were collected. Judging from the signs, this section of the city wall was built later than the above two cities, and there are many repair marks, so it is impossible to determine its architectural age. Due to the rush of time, the ancient city was not excavated.

The third ancient city site is the ancient city west of "Guchengying Village" in Yangcheng, Kuching. It is said that this city is called "Daming City", which is named after Daming Hall in the Northern Qi Dynasty, namely, the Yangcheng of Kuching built by Dong Anyu, a Zhao Jianzi retainer in the Spring and Autumn Period. A section of the west wall and south wall of the ancient city is very clear on the ground. The masses call this city "inner city", and a section of the western wall of Yangcheng in Kuching is "outer city". After investigation, the north wall is about 300 meters long from east to west, 18 meters wide and 6 degrees east. The rammed soil is 20 cm thick, which is a flat tamping method, and the western wall is 400 meters long from north to south. Judging from the rammed earth, it was built later than "Kujinyangcheng" and "Luocheng" and earlier than an ancient city wall in the northwest of Jinyuan County.

In the dating of the site, we think that Yangcheng in Kuching belongs to the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, which is probably Jinyang City which Yao Zhibo decided to irrigate with water. The southern part of the ancient city (now south of Jinyuan City) is seriously damaged due to the terrain, and the remains and relics are not easy to find. The ruins in the middle of the ancient city (including a Jinyuan city and its western area and two ancient cities near the ancient city camp) have changed a lot. Judging from the relics, there are pottery pieces from the Han Dynasty and relics from the Tang Dynasty. Judging from the city site, we believe that the history of the ancient city camp can be traced back to the Northern Qi Dynasty to the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and the foundation stone of this ancient city may have been laid before the Northern Qi Dynasty. The second ancient city site mentioned above will not be later than the Song Dynasty. In this way, this place is at least the city site of the Northern Qi, Sui, Tang and Song Dynasties. This city site is changing from generation to generation, so the clutter of the ruins on the ground is understandable, but it will not be understood for a while. Luocheng seems relatively simple. Its south wall is borrowed from the north wall of Yangcheng, Kuching. At that time, some palaces and gates of the original "Kuching Yangcheng" were still in use in the ancient city camp area. Judging from the contents of the city wall, the age of this city should be from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Wei and Jin Dynasties. It is said to be Bingzhou City in Liu Kun, which is very likely in terms of time. In addition, the entire eastern part of the ancient city is located on the Fenhe River beach. Due to years of erosion and deposition, Fenhe River may have been destroyed and lost, and it is not easy to find.

Finally, through this investigation, we once again know that an ancient city site is very complicated. As far as the city walls are concerned, although they are connected, the times may be very inconsistent. Because later generations often borrow the walls of the previous generation, or use them after cutting and repairing, and some even use only the walls of the previous generation.

Because our investigation work time is short, we haven't excavated it, and there are few materials, so there are bound to be many mistakes in the above views.