Manchu has a very long history, which can be traced back to Sushen people more than two thousand years ago. Sushen people are the earliest ancestors of Manchu. It was called Lou in Han Dynasty, Buji in Southern and Northern Dynasties, Hong in Sui and Tang Dynasties, and Nuzhen in Liao, Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties.
/kloc-In the late 6th century, Nuzhen was the main body, and some Han people, Mongols and Koreans were integrated, forming a new isomorphism of * * *, which is Manchu.
Manchu is a nation that can sing and dance well in history. In the Sui Dynasty, Manchu ancestors sent messengers to Chang 'an to meet Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty. Emperor Wendi of Sui gave the emissary many rewards and asked him to dance for him. The messenger and his entourage danced beautifully.
Mohong's jurchen descendants have this custom: when a woman comes of age, she should sing about her life experience, beauty and skills in order to find a partner. After the rise of Nuerhachi tribe, it also inherited the tradition of Manchu song and dance.
During the period of Nurhachi, Manchu dance gradually integrated into the campaign content, and the whole army put on the robes of training and practicing martial arts, which reflected the production, life and social activities of Manchu ancestors.
In festivals, celebrations, wedding banquets, expeditions, triumphs, birthdays and sacrifices, Manchu people should enjoy singing and dancing.
Manchu songs and dances can be divided into sacrificial songs and dances and feasting and festive songs and dances according to their types; According to the scale and nature, it can be divided into court and folk songs and dances.
Manchu people believe in Shamanism, and they all take the form of singing and dancing when holding major ceremonies such as offering sacrifices to gods, heaven and ancestors. Shaman is the protagonist of song and dance. In the process of jumping, the shaman wears a bell on his waist, holds a drum in his hand, wears costumes and skirts, and dances with the sound of artifacts.
Sacrificial songs include shenqing tune, Beideng tune, Bobo God tune, and dances include knell dance and bronze mirror dance. Singing and dancing during the sacrifice, expressing reverence, praise and prayer.
Banquet singing and dancing refers to singing and dancing mainly performed at banquets or festive occasions. This dance scene is varied, mainly "wild dance", also known as "wild dance".
Court songs and dances appear in festivals, expeditions, triumphs, celebrations, banquets and many other court activities. Some are entertained by Manchu royalty and nobles, and some are performed by professional actors. After entering the customs in the Qing dynasty, except for its traditional songs and dances, they all accepted the ritual and music system inherited from previous dynasties.
The most distinctive of Manchu folk songs and dances is yangko, or twisting yangko and yangko.
Among Manchu songs and dances, mangshi dance is the most representative.
Silliness is the transliteration of Manchu "mark", that is, dance. Wu, a native, recorded in the book Gu Ning Bao Ta Lue:
Manchu folk songs and dances are called "mangshi", including "mangshi" and "mangshi". Two people dance with each other, others clap their hands and sing, and every sentence is on New Year's Day or celebration. In the ancestral hall, the ceremony was conducted in a manly manner.
Mango dance is mostly performed on New Year's Eve and festive days, with one sleeve on the forehead and one sleeve on the back. Two people dance in circles, and some people clap their hands and sing, accompanied by drums.
After entering the court, mangshi dance changed from a self-entertainment dance to a celebration dance, renamed as "Qinglong Dance", with spectacular scenes and grand scale. There are more than 60 musicians, more than 0 singers and dozens of dancers accompanied by instruments such as pipa, sanxian, Xiqin and Zheng.
There are strict rules for the dress of "reckless dance" The accompanist wears a leopard-skin robe with a blue gold birthday, the accompanist wears a leopard-skin robe with an embroidered robe, and the dancer wears a yellow painted leather cover, a black sheepskin cover, and court costumes. And wear various masks to shoot on horseback.
Mangshi in the East China Sea is an important dance in mangshi. The East China Sea refers to the vast area of Ningguta in Liaoning, which was once the settlement of the ancient Jurchen nationality.
Donghai Mang Dance was originally an indispensable dance in folk banquets, also known as "Eighteen Styles", which was produced more than 1000 years ago. It was first produced among the people, and after it was introduced into the court, it became a feast and dance to commemorate ancestors and praise the emperor's industry.
Dance is rich in connotation, which mainly shows the scenes of female netting fishing, male hunting and going out to kill the enemy. Men and women danced with drums, bells and white silk respectively, showing the plot of fighting with strange pythons. Finally, men and women danced to celebrate the harvest.
In the performance, the vivid eighteen styles are amazing. The ten styles are composed of nine different dance segments: starting, paddling, threading, auspicious steps, single galloping, double galloping, strange pythons coming out of the hole, dragons and dragons, and circus. A 10% discount is not only a whole, but also a separate clause.
Eighteen forms are the basic movements of 18. Including gestures, foot posture, waist posture, shoulder posture, turning posture and trend, drum posture.
Eighteen forms are the names of different paragraphs and movements of mango.
For example, "swatting water" and "threading a needle" are imitations of fishing and netting. The action characteristics of Strange Python Out of the Hole are: the performer makes fists with his left and right arms, encircles from his forehead downwards, and his feet "step forward", which is very likely to lead the python out of the hole. "Drum potential", the performer holds the drum forward or backward, and the right hand holds the whip to beat the drum. Unique dance steps and great scenes.
During the performance, the women's movements such as "Jibu", "Needle-piercing" and "rubbing the temples" are steady and beautiful, while the men's riding and squatting postures such as "single galloping horse" and "double galloping horse" are vivid all the year round.
After a while, the "strange python" came out of the hole. It represents the devil's resistance, killed by United and brave people, and embodies the great power of justice to overcome evil.
All the dances are bold and unconstrained. Men are like eagles and women are like swallows. They are vigorous, light and lyrical. Especially, they shrug their shoulders, such as "pressing the ground", "horse stance just look" and "eagle step", which highlights the bold and unconstrained character of Manchu.
Paramount dance, also known as "savage dance", is an extremely primitive dance. Bala people, a branch of Manchu, mainly lived in Zhangguangcailing mountain area in the west of Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang Province, engaged in hunting and settled in the middle and late Qing Dynasty, retaining the custom of offering sacrifices to heaven and mountains every spring. After the shaman dances, young men and women perform this dance until late at night.
Paramount dance fully reflects the worship of nature, life and reproduction by the primitive ancestors of ancient Manchu. It is said that all the dancers are shirtless, wearing leopard-skin skirts and holding bells, and women are performing in wicker skirts.
The dance moves are bold and wild, giving people abundant spiritual vitality and the aesthetic feeling of primitive ancestors. There are eight stages in dance, and now there are five stages handed down, such as "opening the door", "full house", "two-point drum", "full lineup" and "enjoying fire music".
Besides mangshi Dance, Manchu folk dances include Li Gan Aunt Dance, Boy Dance, Yangko Dance and Shaman Dance.
Yangge is a traditional folk song and dance, especially the Lantern Festival on the 15th day of the first lunar month. At this time, every village organized yangko teams to perform in all directions. Performers often have all kinds of costumes, or literati, or elderly men and women, singing and dancing alternately. This kind of song and dance of Manchu is enjoyed by men, women and children.
Manchu Yangko is very popular in Fushun, Liaoning Province, commonly known as "Tartars Yangko".
Manchu yangko is produced by Manchu people in their production and life, and gradually formed and developed on the basis of absorbing dances from other ethnic groups such as Han nationality. It has the characteristics of being hot, vigorous, rough, enthusiastic and bold. It is the most popular, popular and vital among Manchu folk dances, and it is also one of the favorite dances of Manchu people.
Fushun Manchu Yangko has a unique style and vivid performance. It inherited the folk dance "Treading Hammer" of Bohai State in Tang Dynasty and the folk song and dance "Rambling" of Nuzhen and Manchu in late Jin Dynasty and Qing Dynasty. There are various shapes in the dance, such as "Tatar official", "Kritu", "pull stick" and "fool".
The characters are vivid and interesting, showing the national customs of Manchu ancestors who are brave and good at fighting, and the national customs of nomadic people who are good at riding, shooting and fighting.
The actions of Yang, Squat, Pan, Stamp, Swing and Trembling in Manchu Yangko greatly enrich the performance content and form of Manchu Yangko, fully display its rich artistic characteristics, and have great national and folk artistic characteristics.