Introduction
Xu Qian (170--217): A native of Ju County, Beihai County (now Shouguang City, Shandong Province), he was an outstanding writer in the late Eastern Han Dynasty.
When he was young, it was the last year of Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty. The eunuchs were monopolizing power and the imperial court was defeated, but Xu Qian devoted himself to learning. At that time, the prefecture and county pastors admired Xu Qiancai, who was known as "he hesitated in etiquette and orders, and wanted to do it even with military force." He "disregards his official position and neglects his salary, and does not want to be honored by the world." Cao Cao once appointed him as the commander of the Air Force, offering wine to join the army and the five senses to be a literary general. He resigned due to illness; Never sad. Cao Cao appointed him as the Chief of Shangai, but he still complained that he was ill. During Jian'an, when he saw that Cao Cao had pacified the north and that China was expected to be unified, he became the commander of the military force and offered sacrifices to wine merchants. "I am living in a poor alley, but my ambition is to keep my integrity." Even though I "eat with the sun", I "do not feel sad". (See "Preface to Zhonglun" for quotation) Later, he was awarded Shang Ai Chang, but he did not recover due to illness. In the spring of the 22nd year of Jian'an (217), the plague prevailed, and Qian also died of the disease. Later, when Cao Pi talked about Xu Qian, he said: "Looking at ancient and modern literature, human beings do not pay attention to details, and can rarely stand on their own with reputation and integrity. However, great people only cherish literature and quality, are indifferent and have few desires, and have the ambition of Jishan. They can be called gentle gentlemen!" < /p>
Xu Qian’s Tomb is located 500 meters southeast of Huiquanzhuang, Zhuli Town, Hanting District, Weifang City, Shandong Province. For details, please see the entry “Xu Qian’s Tomb” Works Achievements
1. Poetry< /p>
Xu Qian was famous for his "Qingxuan Ti Tao" throughout his life. In terms of creation, he is good at poetry, fu and prose. There are currently three poems in existence, all of which are five-character poems. Xu Qian's existing works include no social works such as "Public Banquet" and "Cockfight", which is what distinguishes him from other Jian'an writers. Xu Qian's poetry achievements were not high, and Zhong Rong's "Poems" listed him as a low-grade poet. Although Zhong Rong was too disparaged, judging from the surviving poems of Qian Jin, he was slightly inferior to Wang Can and Liu Zhen. Most of the dry poems are lost, but 10 are extant today (see Lu Qinli's "Poems of Pre-Qin, Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties"), among which 6 "Shisi" and "Reply to Liu Zhen" are more outstanding. "Sitting in the Chamber" is set as a poem about missing a wife. The last six chapters describe a woman's longing for her husband who has not returned from a long journey: "Sitting upright and doing nothing, it seems that your face is shining", "Missing you is like running water, what's the matter?" "It's time to be poor", and even "can't sleep", dreaming of flying to her husband on the feather of Hongluan and meeting him. Sometimes I worry that my husband will "forget about the past" and have a new love outside the home. The whole poem is full of tenderness, delicate psychological depiction, and very euphemistic and moving. "Reply to Liu Zhen" is a masterpiece with simple language and sincere emotions.
2. Fu
Xu Qian has a high reputation in Fu. His "Xuan Yuan Fu", "Luo Xie Fu", "Ju "Fu" (all the above are lost), "Yuanfan Fu", etc., were once rated by Cao Pi as "Although Zhang (Heng) and Cai (Yong) are not good enough" ("Dianlun·Wen"); Liu Xie also once compared him with Wang Can is also cited as the "first Fu" of Wei Dynasty ("Wen Xin Diao Long"·Interpretation of Fu). There are less than 10 works extant today, and most of them are incomplete. Among them, "Qidu Fu", judging from the remaining text, the original scale may have been quite grand.
3. Prose
Xu Qian himself was good at poetry and poetry, and his five-character poems were exquisite at the time. Xu Qian's extant works are only the collection of essays "Zhonglun". This book relatively comprehensively reflects his philosophical thoughts and writing style. People at that time commented that he wrote "The Theory of the Middle Kingdom" because he "wanted more than enough to harm the world but not enough to benefit the common people" and "seek to be among the saints at the top and save the comatose from the vulgar world at the bottom." At that time, Cao Pi praised this book as "a classic for the whole family, with elegant diction and enough to be passed down to future generations." ("A Book with Wu Zhi").
The main purpose of writing "Zhonglun" is: "Often wanting to harm the world and benefit the world, I saw the beautiful words of Ci and wrote them from time to time. I never expounded the great meaning, spread Taoism, In order to seek salvation among the saints and to save the faint-hearted among the vulgar people, I abolished poems, rhymes, odes, inscriptions, and praises, and wrote twenty-two chapters of the "Zhonglun" ("Preface to the Zhonglun"). The present collection is divided into two volumes. The first volume has 10 chapters, mostly discussing principles of doing things and moral cultivation. The second volume has 10 chapters, most of which discuss the relationship between monarch and ministers and political subtleties. Therefore, it is a work about ethics and politics. Collection of essays. His ideological tendency generally follows the Confucian tenets, and many of his ancestors recounted the words of the ancestors, Confucius and Mencius. At the same time, he was also influenced by Taoism and Legalism. "Zhonglun" has some criticisms about current problems, but the author is more moderate and cautious in his arguments, and generally does not criticize current affairs, so his words appear to be distant and less sharp. Compared with Zhong Changtong's "Chang Yan" at the same time, its depth of revealing the contradictions in reality and the sharpness of its criticism are inferior. The language of "Zhonglun" is relatively plain, and the arguments are logical and coherent. It can be regarded as a better exposition monograph. It is the only existing monograph among the "Seven Sons of Jian'an".
His works, except "Zhonglun", have been lost. "Sui Shu·Jing Ji Zhi" has a collection of 5 volumes, which has been lost. Yang Dezhou compiled it in the Ming Dynasty and Chen Chaofu in the Qing Dynasty added 6 volumes of "Xu Weichang Collection" and included it in "Huike Jian'an Seven Collections". There are 2 volumes of "Zhonglun" and "Four Bu Series" have photocopies of the Qingzhou edition of Yichou in Jiajing, Ming Dynasty. The old "Shouguang County Chronicle" contains 8 of his poems and 1 "Qidu Fu". Selected Excerpts
1. Love Poems
The high palace is full of elegance, and the vast mansion is desolate. The breeze stirs up the boudoir, and the setting sun illuminates the courtyard.
Under the hesitant cloud house, I whistle and sing against the Chinese couplets. You will never return from your journey, who will I pretend to be?
If the furnace is not closed and closed, dust will grow on the mirror box. The Qiluo color is abnormal, the gold and green are dark and lifeless.
The fine dishes are forgotten, and the wine is often stopped. Looking into the empty space, I can only hear the sound of sparrows.
Worry and thought are connected, and the center is like waking up.
2. Reply to Liu Zhen
I am no different from my son, and it has not been more than ten days.
When I think about it, I am as sad as three springs.
Although the road is close at hand, it is as difficult as nine passes.
Tao Tao Zhu Xia De, grass and trees are prosperous and numerous.
3. Farewell to your wife
When you are newly married, you should say goodbye to your wife.
The cool breeze stirs the autumn grass, accompanied by the chirping of crickets.
The cicadas sing in the bitter cold, and the cicadas hug the dead branches.
When the branches are dead, they fly up and the body suddenly moves.
Don’t be sad that you have moved away, but be grateful that the years have passed.
The years are endless, and we will know when we will meet.
I would like to be two yellow swans, flying together in a clear pond.
4. Thoughts in the Chamber
(1)
Shen Yin is surrounded by sorrow, who brings sorrow to life. I miss you so much that we are separated in the sky. The good relationship has not expired, and the heart is broken and hurt. Don't worry about food, you are always hungry and empty. Sitting upright and doing nothing, your face will be bright.
(2)
At the top of the mountain, there is a long road. The day has passed since you passed away, and depression makes people grow old. Life in this world is like grass in late spring. Time can never come back, so why worry about yourself? Every time I recite the great kindness of the past, how can I protect my humble body?
(3)
No matter how vast the clouds are, I hope you can understand me. You can't send it when you are floating, but you can only miss the lovesickness when you move. Everyone reunites after leaving, but you alone have no time to return. Since the king came out, the bright mirror and darkness cannot be cured. Missing you is like running water. It's too late to be exhausted.
(4)
The miserable season is over, and the orchid leaves wither and fall. I let out a long sigh, and you comforted me. I can't sleep in such a long time, how long the night is. Tiptoeing out of the house, I looked up at the Sanxing Company. I hate myself for failing to achieve my goals, and my tears are like a fountain.
(5)
I miss you so much that I can benefit from my hard work. An De Hongluan Yu, looking at the person in his heart. Sincerity failed, the first one stood up. There is no reason to say that if we don't see you again, there will be no reason for our reunion. Therefore, it is like a flounder, and now it is as separated as a ginseng.
(6)
There is no beginning for a person, but I hope you can end it. Don't count the years, how can we look forward to old kindness. Renewing one's past and forgetting one's past is especially derided by a gentleman. Although I am far away, I will never forget you for a moment. It is thick but not thin. When I miss you, I will see you. Records Official History
Emperor Wen of Shi was a general with five sense organs, and both Pingyuan Hou Zhi were good at literature. Can and Beihai Xu Gan, courtesy name Weichang, Guangling Chen Lin, courtesy name Kongzhang, Chen Liuruan, courtesy name Yuanyu, Runan Ying, courtesy name Delian, and Dongping Liu Zhen, courtesy name Gonggan, met on friendly terms.
Qian is the commander of the Air Force, planning sacrifices, wine, and servants, and his five senses are generals of literature. The behavior of the sages says: Qian Qingxuan Ti Tao, six elements prepared, intelligent and well-organized, good at conducting military affairs, neglecting official positions and neglecting salary, and not losing glory in the world. During Jian'an, Taizu issued a special order to rest in case of illness. Later, Ai Chang was removed, but he could not survive due to illness.
r died in seventeen years. Qian, Lin, and Zhen died in the 22nd year. Emperor Wen's letter to Yuancheng ordered Wu Zhi to say: "In the past, there was an epidemic, and many relatives and friends were separated from each other. Xu, Chen, Ying, and Liu all passed away in an instant. Looking at the ancient and modern literati, people do not care about their conduct, and they can rarely stand on their own with fame and integrity. However, Wei Chang was a man of literary integrity, indifferent to desires, and had the ambition of Jishan. He wrote more than 20 essays, and his words were elegant, which was enough to be passed down to later generations. , His talent and learning are enough to write books, but his good ambitions are regrettable! Kong Zhangzhang's appearance is very strong, and his official career is elegant, but he is not elegant, and Zhongxuan is alone. He is good at poetry, but he is too weak to write. As for what he is good at, the ancients cannot surpass him. "Zuye. The scholars are not as good as the ancients, but they are still outstanding." Fang Zhi
Xu Qian (170-217), courtesy name Weichang, was born in Beihai (now Weifang City, Shandong). The Taoist body of the Qingyuan Dynasty, the six elements are cultivated, intelligent and knowledgeable, capable of becoming a scholar, taking an official position and neglecting a salary, not wanting to be honored by the world, and living in Yexia. Wei Wenchang wrote to Wu Zhi, saying: "A great man has talent and quality, is indifferent to desires, and has the integrity of Jishan. He can be called a gentle gentleman."
During Jian'an, Cao Cao thought that his talents and learning were unique. He was specially recruited to serve as an official, but he was unable to do so due to illness. Later, he was appointed the magistrate of Shangai County, but his illness was not cured. Later, he served as a military officer, a military counselor, a wine server, and a general in literature, serving as Cao Cao's literary attendant. He died of an epidemic in the 22nd year of Jian'an.
He is good at writing poems and poems. The six most famous poems are "Thoughts on the Chamber". They use metaphors to assume that a woman hopes to consolidate her love with a man. From the perspective of a woman, she feels that she cannot obtain complete guarantees, and expresses deep affection through euphemistic words. The relationship between king and minister is entrusted to the love between men and women. It emphasizes that the relationship between people should be sincere and sincere, and should not "forget the past again." It has a certain allegorical meaning. The language is simple and fluent, the emotional words are melodious and smooth, and there is a certain degree of artistry.