Han quartz
original text
The Scholars before the Han Dynasty described this poem: Han Shu and Shen Gong wrote Lu Shi, Hou Cang wrote Qi Shi, and Han Ying wrote Han Shi. There is another cloud: the reason why Shen Gong admonished "poetry". Qi Yuangu and Yan Hansheng were both handed down, or they took Spring and Autumn Annals and said that salt was not its original meaning, and Lu was the closest. The baby is Dr. Wendi. When Jingdi was a teacher in Changshan, he pushed the poet's idea and wrote a biography of tens of thousands of words. His language is quite different from that of Qi and Lu, but they belong to the same family. When Emperor Wu was in office, talking with Dong Zhongshu about progress was sharp and clear, and Zhong Shu was also difficult. Later, Han studied under Wang Ji, Jia Gong and Chang Sunshun. Yi, 28 volumes of the Book of Songs of the Han Dynasty, 36 volumes of the Han Dynasty, 4 volumes of internal transmission, 6 volumes of external transmission, and 4 1 volume of Han Shuo. Today, there are only ten volumes. In the celebration calendar, Li Yong, the chief producer, prefaced the book with a chapter, ordered the book to be published in Hangzhou, and wrote at the end: "Meng Xianggong corrected more than 3,000 words." Yoga Yu has his own books. He read the second chapter of the first volume and said, "Confucius traveled south, which is suitable for Chu." As for Agu, the Virgin once admired him. " Confucius said, "That woman keeps her word!" Draw a lottery to show respect and say, "kind words." Zi Gong said, "I will beg for drinks every summer in the south of Chu." The woman said to her, "The water in the valley flows to the sea. Drink if you want. Why do you ask that woman? " I received a tribute from Zigong, greeted the current, put it on the sand, and said, "I won't give it to my relatives." Confucius played the piano to get rid of it, and Zi Gong went to tune it. The woman said, "I don't know five tones. How can I tune the piano?" Confucius took out five taels and gave them to Zi Gong, who said, "Dare not take them as sons, but dare to put them in water." The woman said, "How dare you accept your son when he was very young? I didn't go early, so I was stealing from a madman. " The poem says: "There are trees in the south, and they don't rest. There are women on the Han River who want to pursue the impossible. This is also called. " Look at this chapter, it says that Confucius saw a virgin and taught his son to choose three things, so he said poetry, but what? Funny, he has nothing to say.
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The narrative of The Scholars in Han Dynasty is that after the prosperity of Han Dynasty, Shen Gong wrote Lushi, followed by Qi, and Han Ying wrote Han Shi. He also said: Shen Gong annotated The Book of Songs. However, Yuan Gu of Qi State and Han Sheng of Yan State both wrote biographies for The Book of Songs, or based on the Spring and Autumn Annals, or based on the theory of miscellaneous schools, which are not original meanings. Only Lu Shi is the closest to the original meaning. Han Ying was a doctor in Emperor Wendi's time, and his official position was promoted to Changshan Taifu in Emperor Jingdi's time. He speculated the poet's intention and wrote tens of thousands of biographies, many of which were different from those circulated between Qilu, but the general idea was basically the same. During the period of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, Han Ying and Dong Zhongshu talked about the Book of Songs in front of Emperor Wu. Han Ying's point of view is accurate and clear, and Dong Zhongshu can't ask difficult questions. Later, Han Ying's disciples were Wang Ji, Jia Gong, Chang Sunshun and others. Han Shu Literature and Art Annals contains 28 volumes of The Book of Songs, 36 volumes of Han Fu, 4 volumes of Biography of Han Poetry, 6 volumes of Biography of Han Poetry and 4 1 volume of Han Shuo. Only ten volumes of biographies have been preserved today. During the celebration, Li, the chief producer, made a preface and sent craftsmen to carve in Hangzhou. It reads: "Meng Xianggong corrected more than 3,000 words." I have this book at home. After reading the second chapter of the first volume, I wrote: "Confucius traveled south to Chu and Agu, and saw a young girl Dai Yusai washing clothes. Confucius asked, "Woman, can I have a word with you?" Give Zigong a glass and say,' Speak politely to her.' Zi Gong said,' I'm going to the southern state of Chu, which coincides with the hot weather. Please let me drink a glass of water to relieve my hot mood. The woman replied,' The water in the valley flows to the sea, so you can drink it if you want. "Why do you ask me?" I took Zigong's cup, poured a glass of water against the current, put it on the sand and said, "I can't give it to you myself." Confucius took out his piano and twisted the shaft. Zi Gong asked her to adjust it. The woman said,' I don't know five tones. How can I tune the piano?' Confucius took out five taels of thick cloth and gave it to Zigong, who said,' I dare not give it to you personally, so I have to put it by the water.' The woman said,' I am very young, how dare I accept your gift? If you don't leave early, you are afraid that a brave and heartless person will suddenly appear! The Book of Songs says,' There are trees in the south, so we can't rest. Hanshui has a daughter swimming in the water, and you can't get it. "In other words, this matter." After reading this chapter, it means that Confucius saw a virgin and taught his son Gong to tease her again and again with tactfully clever words, so as to explain the Book of Songs, can he? This is ridiculous. Nothing else is worth talking about.
Comment and analysis
The Book of Songs is the earliest collection of poems in China. From the early Western Zhou Dynasty to the mid-Spring and Autumn Period, there are about 500 years of paid poems. It is said that there are 3,000 ancient poems, of which 300 were compiled by Confucius according to the standard of propriety and righteousness, and the book of songs was compiled. Confucius in Tang Dynasty and Zhu Zhi in Song Dynasty were skeptical. It is recorded in Zuo Zhuan that Confucius had finalized the Book of Songs when he was less than 10 years old. In 544 BC, Lu wrote wind poems for Wu Gongzi, in the same order as the current Book of Songs. At present, it is generally believed that The Book of Songs was collected by the vassal states with the assistance of the Zhou court, and then compiled by historians and musicians. Confucius also participated in the process of sorting out. There were four schools of thought in the early Han Dynasty to teach The Book of Songs: Qi Zhiyuan's drums, Lu Pei, Ying, Mao Heng, hereinafter referred to as Qi Shi, Lu Shi, Han Shi and Shi Mao. The Confucian classics of Qi, Lu and Han schools are officially recognized schools; Mao's poetry belongs to the study of ancient classics in China, and is a folk school. However, after the Eastern Han Dynasty, Mao's poems became increasingly prosperous and gained official recognition. The first three schools gradually declined and were completely lost in the Southern Song Dynasty. The Book of Songs that we saw today is a biography of the Mao School. Hong Mai recorded some of Han's poems, namely Han Guang, and commented that Han Ying's interpretation of this poem was absurd. In fact, for ancient works, the annotator often can't get away from his established position. For example, Guan Ju, the first poem in The Book of Songs, is clearly a poem describing men's pursuit of women's love, but Shi Mao said it was a praise of "the virtue of empresses". When Dong Zhongshu said that "there is no comment on poetry", he meant that there is no accessible or unchangeable explanation for The Book of Songs, and sometimes there is ambiguity and people have ambiguity. Of course, it is ridiculous to make up stories like Han Ying. No wonder it's lost.