The water in Fenglin Pass flows eastward, and the white grass and yellow elm trees are in autumn for sixty years.
All the generals on the border received the Lord's favor, and no one found the way to Liangzhou.
"Liangzhou Ci" is the name of Yuefu. It is originally a song from the Liangzhou area. Poets in the Tang Dynasty often used this tune to write poems to describe the scenery and wars of the northwest frontier. After the Anshi Rebellion, the Tubo people took advantage of the situation to mobilize their troops and went east to herd horses, occupying dozens of states and towns including Liangzhou in the northwest of the Tang Dynasty (today's area east of Yongchang and west of Tianzhu, Gansu). From the late eighth century to the middle of the ninth century, More than half a century. The poet Zhang Ji witnessed this reality and was filled with emotion. He wrote "Three Poems on Liangzhou", which reproduced the bleak scene of the border town from three aspects: the desolation of the border town, the intrusion of the frontier fortress, and the corruption of the frontier generals, and expressed the poet's feelings for the border town. Deep worries about side affairs. This is the third one.
Bai Juyi wrote in "Xiliangji": "Forty years after the fall of Liangzhou, Helong invaded the general seven thousand miles away. Usually Anxi is thousands of miles away, but today the border is in Fengxiang. There are ten empty villages on the edge. Tens of thousands of soldiers, well fed, warmly clothed, and living leisurely, the remaining people were in Liangzhou with their hearts broken, and the generals looked at each other and had no intention of accepting them. "Yuan Zhen's "Xiliang Ji" also said: "Once the Yan bandits invaded China, the rivers and rivers were suddenly empty. "Liancheng's border generals are not ashamed every time they say this song?" He pointedly pointed out that the reason why Liangzhou fell and was not captured was the corruption and incompetence of the border generals. This poem by Zhang Ji expresses this ideological theme, and the style of the poem is completely different. "The water in Fenglin Pass flows eastward, and the white grass and yellow elm trees are sixty-nine in autumn." These two sentences describe the scenery, which points out the long period of time the border town was occupied by the Tibetans, and the desolation and desolation of the scene. "Fenglin Pass" is located in the northwest of Linxia City, Gansu Province. Before the Anshi Rebellion, the border between the Tang Dynasty and Tubo was west of Fenglin Pass. With the loss of the four border towns, Fenglin Pass had also fallen. Under the barbaric plunder and violent enslavement of the Tubo aliens, the land in Fenglin Pass was barren and uncultivated. Year after year, only cold water flowed eastward, white grass grew thickly, and yellow elm trees were everywhere, creating a state of depression. Here, the poet not only uses "white grass and yellow elm" to describe the desolation of Fenglin Pass from the breadth of space, but also uses the specific number "Sixty Autumn" to highlight the severity of the disaster at Fenglin Pass from the depth of time. "Sixty Autumn" is not an exaggeration but a realism. The country has been lost for so long and the border people have suffered so much. Why has it not been recovered? What is the reason? From this, the poet issued a deep emotion and an angry condemnation.
"All the generals on the border have inherited the grace of the Lord, and no one knows how to take Liangzhou." The previous sentence expresses the great responsibility of the generals on the border. "All inherit the grace of the Lord" shows that the border generals shoulder the important mission of the court, enjoy the country's generous salary, and bear the people's high hopes. It is their bounden duty to guard the border and regain lost territory. However, the land lost in the past sixty years is still under the iron heel of Tubo. This is not because the country is weak internally and has insufficient external forces. The latter sentence points directly to the reason: no one among the generals guarding the border mentioned the recapture of Liangzhou. The border general enjoys generous treatment from the country, but does not fulfill his duties to defend the border and recover the lost territory. This shows that he is full of food and corrupt and incompetent. These two sentences are in sharp contrast, and they strongly condemn the border generals' ingratitude and long-term dereliction of duty. It is really abhorrent and sad.
The main theme of this poem falls in the last sentence. The poet does not describe the theme from the front, but writes from the side. This is a significant feature of this poem. The first and second sentences describe the serious disasters in the border town from the perspective of space and time, and seem to accuse Tubo of its crimes of occupation. In connection with the last sentence, "No one can explain the way to Liangzhou", the poet's intention is to use reality to condemn It was their negligence that brought about the long-term collapse of the border generals. The border generals have become the sinners of history. The third sentence uses a sharp contrast to sternly condemn the border generals for their lack of talent and virtue, and for turning a blind eye to the lost mountains and rivers. This scene and emotion powerfully highlight the expression of the main theme of the sentence from the side, with righteousness and strictness, and hearty and hearty.