This long narrative poem was written by Du Fu in the leap August of the second year of Tang Suzong to Germany (757), with a total of 140 sentences. It seems that Chen Qingbiao wrote it in the form of poetry, and Zuo Shiyi, who is on the job, reported to Su Zong what he saw and felt on his way to visit relatives and after returning home. Its structure is natural and accurate, its style is simple and profound, it is full of feelings of worrying about the country and the people, and it holds the hope of rejuvenating the country, reflecting the political situation and social reality at that time and expressing the feelings and wishes of the people.
According to the journey from Fengxiang, where the imperial court is located, to Zhangzhou, where Du Fu's family is located, the five paragraphs of the whole poem sequentially describe Meng En's anxiety when he returned home to visit relatives and bid farewell to the imperial court. What I saw on my way home and the feelings caused by it; When I go home, I will be reunited with my wife and children. Concerned about the domestic national situation, put forward suggestions on how to borrow the Uighur army; Finally, I reviewed the gratifying changes of the imperial court after the Anshi Rebellion, and expressed my confidence in the future of the country and my expectation for Su Zongzhongxing. Like the monument in the above table, it marked the year, month and day. Called "minister's wife", she abides by the minister's day and is loyal to her feelings. Let's talk about the anxiety of leaving the job, the impression of the journey, and the situation at home, not to mention the gains and losses of national policies, which boils down to singing a hymn. This kind of structure conforms to etiquette, fulfills the duty of admonition, and is logical, but it sees beauty and thorns. It is not difficult to see that the poet's intention of adopting such Chen Qingbiao is obviously due to his ideological cultivation of "serving Confucianism and guarding officials" and his creative requirements of "never leaving his false body", which reflects his deep feelings of solidarity with the country and the people.
"Gan Kun is scarred, when will you worry?" The mountains and rivers are broken, which makes me sad and deeply affects people's livelihood. This is the theme of the whole poem, and it is also the main feature of the poet's self-image. The poet deeply understands that when he sets foot on his way home in the boundless twilight, the country is in danger and the ruling and opposition parties have no leisure. A loyal exhorter should not leave his post, which is also against his own heart. Therefore, he was worried, uneasy and in a trance. It is because of his concern for the country and people that he crossed fields, climbed hills and crossed the battlefield at night. He saw the reality of war trauma and suffering, thought of the ups and downs of life, and worried about the mistakes of generals and the suffering of the people. In a word, he was devastated, worried, anxious, and had a difficult road. He deeply hopes that the emperor and the court can understand all this and learn this lesson. So after he returned to China, although he enjoyed family reunion, he realized the bitterness of a feudal scholar-bureaucrat in the war years. He can't forget the days when he was detained by the rebels in Chang 'an, but he still cares about state affairs, considers policy gains and losses, and is eager to get a dinner for you. It can be seen that the theme running through the whole poem is to worry about the country and the people, and the image of the poet reflected is mainly such a feudal scholar-bureaucrat who is loyal to the monarch and loves the people.
"In Taoyuan, Myanmar, I feel sorry for my poor life experience." Looking back at the Taoyuan people who avoided the troubled times, they deeply sighed that their life experiences were difficult. This is a personal emotion interwoven with the theme of worrying about the country and the people, and it is also an important feature of the poet's self-image. Emperor Su Zong asked him to go home to visit relatives, but in fact he refused and left him in the cold. The poet knows this, but he has no choice but to express his feelings. He described, discussed and described the extraordinary privilege of the emperor's return: being able to have leisure to visit relatives and enjoy the autumn scenery at the time of national disaster and casualties, and being fortunate to have a family reunion. All this violates his patriotism and love for the people, making him laugh and cry, embarrassed and embarrassed. Therefore, when he saw the wild fruits clustered on the mountain, he couldn't help feeling that the rain and dew were together, but the fruits were bitter and sweet. Life is the same in the world, but the safety experience is different; I am determined to choose that difficult road and suffer for it. So I went home and saw my wife and children's poor life, hungry and thin figure, and realized the thoughtfulness of my wife and son. Simple and naive, an innocent girl recalls all kinds of experiences since she left home to get into trouble in front of her father, and can't help turning a bitter taste into the joy of living and gathering. Here, another kind of situation and personality of the poet, the image of a poor and caring little civilian, is vividly displayed.
"Huang Huang Taizong Industry has established a great reputation!" I firmly believe that the foundation of the Tang Dynasty is solid, and I hope that Tang Suzong can be revived. This is the ideological belief and aspiration that runs through the whole poem, and it is also the poet's political position and starting point. Therefore, although he faced up to the bitter reality of national wars and people's casualties, although he was treated with rejection and neglect, and although his family lived a cold and hungry life, he did not lose heart because of this, let alone escape from reality, but insisted on the righteousness and the overall situation. Encouraged by the improvement of the situation, he actively thought about the gains and losses of decision-making, carefully reviewed the historical development after the incident, emphatically pointed out that the incident caused the treacherous court official to swing and analyze, enthusiastically praised the loyal minister's achievements in eliminating traitors, expressed the people's patriotic will, and praised the national foundation laid by Emperor Taizong, thus showing his ardent expectations for Tang Suzong to revitalize the country. Obviously, due to the limitation of class and times, the poet's social ideal is only to restore the achievements of Emperor Taizong and beautify Emperor Taizong, without mentioning anything about Tang Suzong. However, it should be admitted that the poet's patriotic thoughts and sentiments have reached the height of the times and stood in the forefront of the times.
To sum up, this long narrative poem is actually a political lyric poem and a loyal lyric poem. The injustice of a feudal scholar-bureaucrat who cares about the country and the people is the feelings of a poor people who cares about the people, and the benevolent feelings of the patriot Long Song who sticks to the overall interests. From the artistic point of view, it is natural and appropriate to write mainly by fu, because it not only expresses emotions and ambitions through narration, but also clearly expresses ideological tendencies. This is indeed like an article by Chen Qingbiao, full of Long song's speeches and sighs. However, it is cautious, realistic and well-founded. From the beginning to the end, what I saw and heard, pointed to things one by one, and commented on them, that is, on-site lyric, which gave full play to the advantages of Fu and embodied the content. However, in order to express thoughts and feelings more vividly, and because some thoughts and feelings are not suitable for direct expression, various metaphor methods are flexibly used in the poem to make the narrative vivid and meaningful without being boring; It also makes the language concise and compact, avoiding procrastination. For example, when the poet was climbing the mountain, he described the spring eyes of soldiers drinking horses, the topography of Zhangzhou countryside, and the sudden "tiger" and "pale cliff", which obviously contained feelings and sustenance, and readers themselves could understand it. Another example is that the poet summed up the counter-insurgency situation at that time by observing the astronomical phenomena, which is actually a kind of competition. The weather is getting better and it is necessary to dissipate. Suddenly it is clear that the rebels have failed. However, the arrival of the evil wind shows the poet's attitude towards the Uighur army. And so on, if they are straightforward, it will be complicated, poetic and really become a chapter. Therefore, the poet's method of giving priority to Fu and combining metaphor with xing can just adapt to the grand historical content contained in this poem, and also shows the poet's extremely high talent and skillful skills in poetic art, which is enough to write such a "deep, depressed and frustrated" Chen Qingbiao with a relaxed poetic style.