Encourage people to set up lofty ideals and fight for them.
A. ideals make people positive and optimistic. B. ideals make people tenacious. C. ideals make people young forever. D. ideals make people full of vitality.
6 ideality
Text discussion
First, the overall grasp
This poem is full of "yes" and "make", a series of "ideal is ……" and a series of "ideal makes …", which eulogizes the meaning of ideal. The last section says, "Please get on the ideal horse and start with the whip." I hope people will set up lofty ideals and work hard for them. In a word, this poem says that life must have ideals. Poets praise ideals from many angles, and a series of figurative metaphors contain rich meanings.
Second, the problem research
What are the four metaphors of 1. 1?
There is no need to understand the metaphorical meaning of each metaphor in isolation. From stone to fire, from fire to lamp, from lamp to road, these four metaphors are connected, and they are also called "thimble" in rhetoric. The first two metaphors pave the way for the third metaphor, and the poetry mainly lies in the latter two metaphors. "Dawn" refers to the ideal state. In the long night, the ideal points out the bright direction, so some people say, "the ideal is a bright lamp, which illuminates the road at night;" Ideal is the road, which leads you to the dawn. "As you can see, this paragraph mainly says that ideal is the way forward. It's easy to understand with practice. When Marxism spread to China, China's advanced elements established * * *, and this socialist ideology was like a lamp, illuminating the road at night. This ideal is like a road, leading the people of China to a bright new China and the people of China to socialist modernization. The first two metaphors, from a single spark to lighting a extinguished lamp, talk about the process of ideal communication. For example, when Li Dazhao and others first spread Marxism, the proletarian ideal was a spark in China; The continuous spread of Marxism in China has become the guiding ideology of China's * * * production party, just like a lighthouse.
2. The second verse says that different times have different ideals, and ideals have the characteristics of the times, right? Besides, what does this mean?
You're right. Ideals have the characteristics of the times, and ideals have levels. With the continuous progress of society, ideals are constantly improving. The society is developing step by step, and the ideal is improving step by step. When a need is met, new needs and new ideals will arise. On the other hand, the gradual improvement of ideals has also made society progress. The punctuation in this section deserves attention. The first line, the third line and the end of the sentence are semicolons with only two periods. These two sentences are said from two angles. Hunger and cold, food and clothing, civilization is based on living conditions. Disturbance and stability are from the perspective of social order.
3. What does the third section mean? What's the connection with the second part?
The second section says that the gradual improvement of human ideals, from food and clothing to civilization, from stability to prosperity, is historic; The third section looks at human ideals from a historical perspective and compares them to pearls. The human ideal is like a pearl chain. Why is it the backbone of history? Because it is the ideals from generation to generation that keep human history moving forward, and ideals are the spiritual driving force of human constant struggle. The sentence "Don't forget the past, be a teacher of the future". This word "Zhao" not only inherits the "shining light", but also takes care of the "glowing" photos in the poem 1. The ideals of our ancestors have illuminated the way forward for future generations. In a word, this poem means that the ideals of human beings from generation to generation have promoted the development of history.
4. What is the focus of the fourth verse?
Focus on the last two sentences. "Ideal is a compass, which guides the ship". The third sentence of section 1 "Ideal is a lamp, which illuminates the road at night" all say that ideal makes people clear the direction. The fourth sentence of section 1 says that "ideal is the way to lead you to dawn", and the dawn will surely come, and this ideal will inevitably come true. The fourth section tells another story: "the ideal is sometimes the arc of the kiss of the sea and the sky,/unseen, tormenting your enterprising heart." What is said here is that the realization of the ideal often goes through many setbacks and failures, or it is not as close as expected. At first, I underestimated the long-term nature, and later I became more and more aware of its arduousness and long-term nature.
5. How to summarize the general idea of Section 5?
Understand every poem first. "Ideal makes you observe life with a smile", which means that ideal makes people optimistic. For example, in the years of hunger and cold, with the ideal of food and clothing, I believe that hard-working hands will certainly win ample food and clothing, full of hope and optimism. "Ideal makes you stubbornly resist fate", which means that ideal makes people full of fighting spirit and indomitable struggle. For example, in the face of misfortune and bad luck, with ideals, I believe that bad luck can be overcome, the future is bright, and I will make unremitting efforts. "Ideal makes you forget your early white hair; /Ideal makes your head white and naive ",that is to say, ideal makes the mental age of the elderly very young, he is full of courage and struggle, and it is ideal that makes him full of vitality.
One is optimism, the other is fighting spirit, and the third is vitality. To sum up, it is strength, including spiritual strength. The general idea of this poem can be summarized as: ideals give people strength.
6. How to understand the sixth section? Does the "sacrifice" here mean that the golden dream is broken and the selfishness is washed away?
Not bad. Obviously, the ideal mentioned by the poet is a lofty social ideal, not a golden dream. It is not a poet's ideal to want to get rich and have tens of thousands, hundreds of thousands, millions or tens of millions of assets. Even getting rich by proper means is not a poet's ideal, let alone robbing money by illegal means. Struggle for lofty social ideals, regardless of personal wealth and various personal interests, he obtained the happiness of struggling for the ideal, and the joy after the ideal was realized at the expense of other personal interests.
7. Why do you say, "If an ideal brings you honor,/it is only a by-product"? Why "bring more misunderstood loneliness"? How can there be laughter in loneliness? Why is there bitterness in laughter?
The by-products produced by making something are called by-products. Ideal is the pursuit of social food and clothing, civilization, stability, prosperity and so on, rather than personal honor. The ideal has come true, and the society gives you honor, which is just a by-product of the ideal.
Loneliness is silence and emptiness. People with lofty ideals seem to be misunderstood as incomprehensible, which is often the case in history. The ideal is to change the status quo. However, people who haven't realized that the status quo is natural. Changing the status quo, in their view, is a great rebellion, madness, madness, avoiding him and opposing him, and the strugglers will be very lonely.
A man with lofty ideals who struggles for his ideals enjoys the joy of struggle despite his loneliness, so he has a "smile in loneliness". However, he was misunderstood and treated as an alien, so there was bitterness in his laughter.
8. What is the central meaning of Section 8?
Section 8 is divided into two big sentences, and the upper and lower clauses of each big sentence are separated by semicolons. The first clause of the first sentence is a continuation of the previous section, and "misfortune" refers to "misunderstood loneliness" and "bitterness". The upper and lower sentences mean a turning point, which is written in prose, that is, "ideals make honest people often suffer misfortune, but ideals make unfortunate people survive", so the meaning focuses on the latter sentence. This section talks about the significance of ideals to life. Ideal makes the unfortunate people live and makes the ordinary people great. The so-called "capitalized people" are real people, noble people and great people.
9. What does section 9 mean? What does this have to do with the last section?
Section 9 says that anyone can set up an ideal, even a sinner. Once he sets up an ideal, he can get a new life. Even a prodigal son, once he has set up an ideal, "the prodigal son will never change his money." "Ideals are immortal grass" means that sinners are sinners because they have lost their souls and are driven by evil thoughts. If you set up an ideal, you will restore your conscience and the soul of a normal person, and you will be able to turn over a new leaf. "Ideal is a loving mother", which means that ideal can guide the prodigal son on the right track.
10. 10 What exactly do you mean by "ideal being defiled" and "ideal being pickpocketed"?
It is not difficult to understand the historical background. Ten years of catastrophe, the Gang of Four distorted Marxism-Leninism and propagated their false Marxism-Leninism, and their proletarian ideal was ruined and defiled. Because of their abuse and defilement, some people's beliefs have been shaken, that is, their ideals have been pickpocketed. The devil defiled your ideal. It is a test whether you can distinguish between true and false and firm your true ideal. It can also be said that "the devil is testing your loyalty." Ideal is pickpocketed because it is not persistent enough. Therefore, we must first get them back, and then we must be vigilant, "be careful in the future" and regard our ideals as life.
11.11What's the connection with the above? Why do you say "disgusting" when you praise the merits of that year? "Curse the immediate environment", why do you say "ridiculous"?
The previous section said "pickpocketing" and this section said "lost". The former is passive, the latter is subjective abandonment, and there is a hierarchical relationship. Comparing Section 8, "Ordinary people are great because of their ideals" and "Heroes are mediocre because they lose their ideals", the contrast is very obvious. Positive and negative contrast highlights the importance of ideals to life.
It's disgusting to brag about your exploits in those days, instead of making new achievements, eating old money and lying on the credit book for fame and fortune. It is ridiculous to "curse the immediate environment" without trying to change it.
12. What is the metaphor of "ideal flowering" in section 12? Why don't you finally pay attention to "taking photos at night" and say "the spring scenery on the road is just right, and the sun is shining high in the sky"?
The phrase "ideal flower" means that today's ideal flower is tomorrow's sweet fruit, and today's ideal bud is tomorrow's shade. Set up an ideal, persevere and you will have fruitful results.
"The spring scenery on the road is just right, and the sun is shining in the sky" symbolizes a good situation. In the new historical period, it is the best opportunity for the people of China to realize their beautiful ideals.
13. Explore the context of this poem.
To explore the context, we must first understand the general idea of each section, and then merge the similar ones together, so that it is easy to understand.
Similar to 3, 2 can be summarized by "ideal historical significance".
Sections 4, 5, 6 and 7 are similar and can be summarized by "ideal personality meaning".
Sections 8, 9, 10, 1 1 are similar and can be summarized by "the ideal meaning of life".
It can be seen that the whole poem mainly praises the ideal significance, from historical significance to personality significance and life significance.
The first section always talks about the meaning of ideals, and the last section encourages people to set up ideals and fight for them. In this way, the context of the whole poem is clear.
Practice note
Read the poem aloud, contact your own life experience, understand the thoughts and feelings in the poem, and explore the following questions.
1. How to understand the meaning of the poem "Ideal is both an acquisition and a sacrifice"?
2. The poet said, "Ideal makes honest people often suffer misfortune,/Ideal makes unfortunate people survive." "Mediocre people have lost their ideals and lived all their lives,/ridiculously cursing the immediate environment." Do you agree with these statements? Exchange your views with your classmates.
3. Can you talk about the inner connection between ideals and mountains? Find out which of the two poems has the same connotation.
This topic selects several difficult points to exercise students' inquiry ability and makes a comparative reading in combination with the old class. Some should be understood in connection with their own life experiences, while others should be understood in connection with the context. Students have students' life experience, such as studying hard for their ideals and not watching TV while doing their homework, which can be said to sacrifice the fun of watching TV. Use students' own life experience to understand, and poetry will be easy to understand.
Reference answer:
1. The poet's "ideal" is a lofty social ideal, an ideal of social progress and the interests of most people. Setting up ideals, having faith, and having the happiness to fight for ideals are the gains, and all these are based on sacrificing personal interests. He wants to sacrifice his personal interests and abandon his golden dream, so it is another kind of sacrifice.
Let the students talk about their own views on this question, and the answers should not be eclectic. )
3. The internal relationship between the two poems lies in that they have the same theme and both express their respective ideal meanings.
On the other side of the mountain: "Yes, I was disappointed again and again/when I climbed to the top of the mountain that tempted me/but I regained my confidence again and again and went forward bravely."
Ideal: "But the ideal is sometimes the arc of the kiss of the sea and the sky,/out of reach, tormenting your enterprising heart." "Ideals make you stubbornly resist fate."
The above poems all say that the road to the ideal realm is long, and disappointment again and again is torture.
On the other side of the mountain: "People, please believe that-/after climbing countless mountains/after overcoming disappointment again and again/you will eventually climb to the top of this mountain/and on the other side of this mountain, it is the sea/a brand-new world/illuminating your eyes in an instant ..."
"Ideal": "Ideal blossoms, peaches and plums should bear sweet fruits; /Ideal bud, Populus euphratica will have shade. "
The above poems all say that the realization of ideals brings people a beautiful new life.
Second, three major issues are omitted.
Teaching suggestion
First of all, mobilize students' direct experience and indirect experience to guide the exploration of the meaning of poetry.
This is a philosophical poem, and it is helpful to understand it in connection with life experience. For example, "ideal is both an acquisition and a sacrifice", and there are sacrifices made by students for their own ideals. If you ask: Do you like playing? Can you play while doing your homework? You can understand the word "sacrifice". But students' life experience is limited after all, and they should also be exposed to indirect experience. It is easy to understand the meaning of "sacrifice" by connecting with revolutionary martyrs, people with lofty ideals and advanced figures who have devoted themselves to scientific truth. Some poems talk about things that students can't experience, such as "misunderstood loneliness" and "ideals often make honest people suffer misfortune", so teachers can only give examples. Students can improve one step on the original basis, even if they have achieved the teaching purpose. As for a thorough understanding, we need to continue to experience it in the future.
Second, it can be imported from outside the mountain.
Lead design: The first lesson is on the other side of the mountain. The poem says "beyond the mountain is the sea" and "it's a brand-new world". This is the ideal. With ideals and pursuits, a person will go forward bravely towards a goal and not be afraid of fatigue.
Third, it is best to recite.
"Practice" only requires reading aloud, not reciting. It is better to encourage students to recite. If you can recite and read aloud, you don't have to hold a book to read, so you can recite it better. This poem is ingenious in conception and delicate in language, which is very beneficial to recite.
Fourthly, teaching design.
Guiding ideology
1. Contact your own life experience to achieve insight and understanding.
2. Pay attention to the teaching of poetry recitation.
3. Use independent, cooperative and inquiry learning methods.
Teaching step
first kind
1. Introduction.
What is "ideal"? According to the dictionary, it is the imagination or hope of future things; According to the dictionary, this is a vision for a bright future. A person has a person's ideal, and a nation and a country have a nation and a country's ideal. If we understand the history of China people's struggle for their ideals since the middle of the19th century, and if we cherish the ideals of life, then reading this poem will feel particularly cordial.
"From the middle of the19th century to the middle of the 20th century, all the struggles of the people of China were aimed at realizing the independence and national liberation of the motherland and completely ending the history of national humiliation. We have completed this great historical cause. " In other words, in that year 100, the ideal of China people was the independence of the motherland and the liberation of the nation. The result of the struggle was that 1949 established New China and the people of China stood up.
"From the mid-20th century to the mid-2nd/10th century, all the struggles of the people of China were for the prosperity of the motherland, the prosperity of the people and the great rejuvenation of the nation. Great progress has been made in this great historical cause of our party leading the people of the whole country for 50 years, and after another 50 years of struggle, it will be successfully completed. " In other words, today's China people's ideals are the motherland's prosperity, the people's prosperity and the great rejuvenation of the nation.
The great cause of socialist modernization needs us to build, and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation will be realized in our hands. The Party and the people earnestly expect us to aim high, display our intelligence and wisdom, show the value of life and strive to create achievements worthy of the times and the people on the broad stage of reform, opening up and modernization. Adolescence is the time to set up ideals, and reading the poem "Ideal" will get a lot of beneficial enlightenment.
2. Read silently.
3. Read and write with the help of notes and dictionaries.
Despair, hunger, cold, vagrancy, stubbornness, filth, resentment, pickpocketing, cursing the dark sky and sea, kissing the prodigal son, turning around for life, looking for a place to live, within reach.
4. Read aloud.
Mandarin is required to be read correctly, fluently and emotionally.
(1) Practice reading alone.
(2) read together.
5. Discuss by sections (1 ~ 7).
Objective: To understand the meaning of each poem.
Discussion: Four people discuss, ask questions and solve problems together. In each section, two groups of representatives report the survey results. If you can't solve the problem, ask the whole class to study together or ask the teacher to answer. Then read aloud in chorus.
6. homework.
"Discussion and Practice" II.
Second lesson
1. Exchange homework and encourage creative expression.
2. Continue the discussion section by section (8 ~ 12).
The purpose and method of discussion are the same as the last lesson.
3. Summarize the experience of exploring poetry this time.
4. Read the whole poem aloud.
5. Language use.
The teacher's projection or blackboard writing. Students cooperate with each other. He said that you take notes, comment on each other and recommend good sentences to the class.
(1) In the era of well-off, the ideal is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(2)___________ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(3) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(4) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
(5) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
(6)________________________ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(7) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ stubbornly resisted _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(8)_____________________ _ _
(9)__________________ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
( 10) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(11) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ has been defiled.
( 12) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
(13) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for a lifetime.
6. homework.
Discussion and practice 1.
related data
First, Liushahe wrote Liushahe Biography.
Formerly known as Yu Xuntan. Sichuan Jintang people. 193 1 year1month 1 1 was born in Chengdu. 1935 moved back to my hometown of Huaishu Street in Jintang. Learn ancient Chinese and do classical Chinese. 65438-0947 entered the senior middle school of Chengdu Provincial Middle School to study new literature, and 65438-0948 published his works. From 65438 to 0949, he joined the Department of Agricultural Chemistry of Sichuan University, and he was more diligent in writing. From 65438 to 0950, he served as the editor of the supplement of West Sichuan Farmers' Daily. 1952 transferred to Sichuan Federation of Literary and Art Circles, worked as a creator, mass editor and star editor in Sichuan. After 1957, I worked in Chengdu and studied 100 schools after work. 1966 returned to work and live in Jintang's hometown, *** 12. 1978 Worked as a librarian in Jintang County Cultural Center. 1979 came back to publish his works. At the end of the year, he was transferred back to Sichuan Federation of Literary and Art Circles as the editor of Star. Writing full-time since 1985. Director of Chinese Writers Association and vice chairman of Sichuan Writers Association. There are 20 kinds of published works.
(Language Learning No.6 1996)
Second, write Zhuangzi's modern version of Liushahe (Xu Hongbei)
I only read some poems of Liushahe from books before, and then I read the quotations written by Mr. Y. Humor contains heartbreaking memories, reminding people to continue to reflect on an era that is not far away. Some people say that he is proficient in antithesis, straightforward and harmonious in Zhuang language. So there is always a strange interest in the article. This feeling was fully confirmed when I met Mr. Liu Shahe who answered the door himself. Light-footed posture, motionless expression, strong Sichuan accent, long tone and gentle tone make people feel that this is a modern version of Liu Sha River written by Zhuangzi.
Mr. Liushahe led me to the balcony. The whole balcony is covered with plantains, ivy and many poets' favorite green plants, but I can't name them. It covers the sky and makes people feel like they are in a tropical rainforest. I said, shall I take a picture of you in this unique little world? The poet put his hand in his trouser pocket, and that look made me think it was Mr. Y's best style. Then, he took out a few small bamboo baskets and said, I just like to raise some flowers and insects. Well, this little bug, we call it aunt in Sichuan, that is, Weaver Girl, and people in Hebei call it Guoguo. You see, many of my essays are about these small animals and flowers. Well, you can take this as the end of your interview, and I'll think about it for you. what do you think?
(Excerpted from The Cricket-An Interview with Mr. Liu Shahe, Language Learning, No.6, 1996)
Thirdly, the poet said that he wrote a poem "Like an old cow pulling a broken car" (Xu)
He added: When he writes poetry, he pays great attention to the rhythm of poetry. Therefore, he often scribbles on a piece of paper, pieced together sentence by sentence, and carved word by word, just like an old cow pulling a broken car, muttering and looking through his dictionary, haggling over every ounce, which is not refreshing at all. When others change their ways, update their ideas and move towards "modern poetry" in succession, "however,"-he emphasized the tone and gave me and the readers a special reminder-"Many of my poems rhyme only when they are read in Sichuan dialect. I once read my own poems to Chengdu people in Sichuan dialect, which is very catchy. I also read Yu Guangzhong's poem "Homesickness", and the audience responded strongly. Once I read it in Mandarin, and it didn't rhyme. When I read them, it was very pitiful.
But I have a feeling that this is not a review. ...
anxious ...