The ancients wrote poems and songs, and paid great attention to refining words. The ancients attached great importance to the refinement of words, such as "writing beautiful sentences for human nature, without surprising words, never ending", "singing one word at a time, breaking several stems and whiskers" and "writing poems". The ancients wrote poems and lyrics, paying attention to tempering literalness. It is the so-called "eye of poetry" and "eye of words" that make the whole sentence Youlong dance and leave a deep impression on people.
We only give a few examples of the Song Dynasty to see the ancient people's refining of Chinese characters.
Spring Breeze and Green Jiang Nanan (Northern Song Dynasty? Wang Anshi? "Guatemalteca"). It is said that when Wang Anshi wrote this poem, he changed many words in the manuscript. He first used "to", then changed it to "to", then to "to" and then to "to", which was not satisfactory. He revised it many times and finally chose the word "green". The word "green" is well used. A word "green" vividly describes the spring breeze in the south of the Yangtze River, giving people a touching feeling. This poem is a description of the scenery, touching the scene and laying a good foundation for the lyric of the next sentence.
"Clouds break through the moon and flower shadows" (Song? Zhang Xian? Fairy). This word lacks meaning and is full of meaning. The words "cloud, moon, flower and shadow" describe three objects and four scenes, and in the middle, there are three continuous trends of "breaking, coming and gaining": the cloud breaks with a moon, and the moon comes with a flower shadow, which leads to the word "gaining" and gaining ". Just seven words, written from the sky to the ground, the clouds are bright and the wind is playing with flowers, forming a beautiful and hazy picture, personifying the clouds, the moon and the flowers, giving them rich emotions and life, and at the same time making the quiet picture fly.
"The wind old warbler chicks, rain fat plums" (Song? Zhou Bangyan? Man Fang Ting). We ancients used to use words flexibly. Adjectives and nouns can be used as verbs, which are vivid when written. I don't think it takes a day or two for a yellow-billed chick to grow feathers with its head held high and spread its wings to leave its nest. It takes a long time to treat the hardships of parents, and it takes a long time. Finally, it only has the word "old", which is really intoxicating. Our thoughts wander in the word "old", and a few months have passed inadvertently. Another rain "fat" plum, and how many rains have you experienced? It should be from "light rain, sunny weather" to "the willow is drunk with spring smoke", then to "the apricot is out of the wall", then to "the flowers are small and the red apricot is small", and finally the rain is abundant. Writing about dynamics and forms, I feel that plums are from slight shyness to mellow yellow fat, and the fullness of yellow fat is not mouth-watering!
Finally, tell a story of the Song people refining characters.
According to legend, Su Dongpo once discussed poetry with his sister and poetry friend Huang and learned from each other. After my sister said "breeze willow" and "pale moon plum blossom", I asked my brother to add a word to them and say poetry. Su Dongpo immediately said: the first sentence is "shake" and the second sentence is "reflect", that is, "the breeze shakes the willow and the bright moon reflects the plum blossom". Unexpectedly, Su Xiaomei called it "inferior". Su Dongpo thought about it carefully and said proudly, "Yes,' the breeze and the willows dance together, and the plum blossoms are hidden in the moonlight'. ""Little sister smiled and said, "Not bad, but still not up to grade." Huang Gu couldn't help asking, "What do you think?" Su Xiaomei read: "The breeze helps the willows, and the plum blossoms are defeated in the bright moon." Su Dongpo and Huang Gugu were chanting and pondering, and they couldn't help but say that it was wonderful.
What is the beauty of such a change? We might as well have some fun. "Breeze" Xu Lai, "willow" does not move, how can it be worthy of such explicit verbs as "shake" and "dance"? Only the word "Fu" is just right, suitable for "light" and "fine", harmonious and consistent, personifying the wind, vividly portraying the gentle state of the cool breeze Xu Lai and the willows swaying, giving people a feminine taste. It is also inappropriate to add "English" and "Yin" to the next sentence. Imagine that the quiet moon has filled the earth, and plum blossoms are naturally not as conspicuous as during the day. In the moonlight, it will be eclipsed. In this way, a good word "lost" outlines the scene of moonlight and plum blossoms, which enhances the appeal of this poem and is really brilliant.
The poet's meticulous writing spirit and repeated scrutiny and tempering of a word should be self-evident to us. From today's point of view, it might as well be regarded as a revision after writing. Our classmates don't pay attention to revising their compositions. They always like to "do it at once", and then everything will be fine. This is not a good composition habit. As the saying goes, "the article is never tired of changing." We really should learn from the ancients in this respect. Of course, we don't have to "break a few stems", but it is necessary to make necessary changes after the article is written.
Responder: Wolf of Siberia-No.1 scholar, 1510-2413: 01.
Jia Dao took part in the imperial examination for the first time and lived in Beijing. One day, he remembered two poems on the donkey's back: "Birds live in trees by the pool, and monks knock on the door on the moon." I want to use the word "push" again, but I can't refine it.
After coming down, he chanted on the donkey's back and held out his hand to make a gesture on purpose. People like him are surprised to see him. At that time, Han Yu, acting as the chief executive of Beijing, was patrolling with horses and chariots. Jia Dao unconsciously went to the ceremony of Han Yu in the third quarter and kept gesturing. This will not be pushed to Han Yu by the attendants around him. Jia Dao truthfully answered the poem he got, but he was not sure whether to use the word "who" or "knock", so he left the immediate matter behind and didn't know how to avoid it. Han yuting
After dismounting for a long time, he said to Jia Dao, "It's good to use the word' knock'." So they rode home side by side on donkeys and discussed the methods of writing poems together. They were reluctant to part, and after staying for a few days, Han Yu forged a deep friendship with Jia Dao.
Respondent: Luyece, a fellow scholar, with a level 6 background 10-24 13:02.