Wanxiang poetry review
Plain refers to flowers, and silver bowls are full of snow.
There are many different things and songs are sung.
watch out for
Fu, Bi and Xing are three expressive techniques.
First, Fu
"Fu" is the basic technique of ancient poetry, also called Bixing. Paving is the abbreviation of paving and finishing. In a long poem, exposition and parallelism are often used together.
Layout is to combine a series of closely related landscape images, events, characters and behaviors into a group of sentences with basically the same structure and tone in a certain order. ?
It can not only write incisively and delicately, but also concentrate on strengthening the language potential, and also render a certain environment, atmosphere and emotion.
In Fu style, especially in Fu Lihua's Meihan Fu, Fu method is widely used. Some five-character poems in Han Yuefu and Han Dynasty also interacted with Han Fu. What's more, they combined parallel prose with parallel prose and brought out the best in each other.
(A) the layout of the landscape image
That is to say, by depicting landscape images in many ways, the environment, atmosphere and emotional appeal are rendered. For example, the Yuefu poem "Jiangnan" in the Han Dynasty (titled "Fu Jiangnong"): "You can pick lotus leaves in the south of the Yangtze River. Fish plays lotus leaf, fish plays lotus leaf east, fish plays lotus leaf west, fish plays lotus leaf south and fish plays lotus leaf north. "
This may be a song poem by Wu Chun 'an, which was adopted by Emperor Wu, and it is a love song combining fishermen's children and labor in Jiangnan water town. In the poem, "lotus" is homophonic for "pity" (pity, love) and "fish" is homophonic for "female" (girl, fisherman). The last four arrangement sentences only change the four directional words of "East, West, North and South", but vividly reflect the playful pursuit of young men and women picking lotus.
(2) the arrangement of events and phenomena.
In narrative poems, things are often laid out in parallel sentences.
For example, there are several points in the folk song Mulan Poetry of the Northern Dynasty, which is a typical story of this ancient heroine joining the army instead of her father. She wrote in her poem that before going out to war, "the east market bought horses, the west market bought saddle roads, the south market bought reins, and the north market bought whips"; During the war, "I went to my parents and stayed by the Yellow River. I didn't hear my parents calling for women, but I heard chickens splashing in the Yellow River. When I bid farewell to the Yellow River, I arrived at Heishantou at dusk (a work called' Blackwater'). I didn't hear my parents calling a female voice, only heard Yanshan Hu riding and singing. " When I came back, "I heard that my mother came to help Guo." Sister heard that sister came. Responsible for red makeup. When I heard my sister coming, I sharpened my knife at pigs and sheep. Open my east valve and sit on my west bed. Take off my wartime robe. Wearing my old clothes. When the window is decorated with clouds and temples, the mirror is painted yellow. "Through these arrangements, Hua Mulan, a working woman who defends the motherland and is not proud of her achievements, has been strongly highlighted. Reading makes people comfortable and relaxed. ?
(3) the layout of characters, personalities and behaviors.
Narrative poems also describe the characters' clothing, age, manners and personality, which is helpful to shape a complete character image from multiple angles. ?
1, write character costumes. In order to show the identity and appearance of the characters. For example, Qin Luofu's costume was described in Shang Mo Sang in the Han Dynasty: "There is a bun on his head and a bright moon in his ears. Xiangqi is the lower skirt and Zi Qi is the upper skirt. " It is intended to highlight the dignity and beauty of Luo Fu. ?
2. Write the age education of the characters. In order to show the growth process of the characters. For example, Liu Lanzhi in Jiao Zhongqing's Wife said, "Thirteen can weave vegetarian dishes, fourteen can learn to cut clothes, fifteen can play the piano and sixteen can recite poems." Highlight Lan Zhi's understanding, intelligence and ability. ?
3. Describe the character and behavior. This highlights the distinctive personality characteristics of the characters, which is very important for shaping the characters.
For example, Guan Hanqing's self-portrait [Lu Nan] "A flower never grows old" (excerpt): "Huang Zhongwei" I am a copper pea that can't be steamed, boiled, beaten, fried or exploded. Every child, who taught you to get into his endless hoe, can't get rid of it, can't get rid of it, can't get rid of it, can't get rid of it and can't slow down. I played Liang Yuanyue, drank Tokyo wine, enjoyed Luoyang flowers and pulled Zhang Tailiu. I can recite poems and seal Liu (writing ancient Chinese characters); Can play silk (string) and taste bamboo (wind music); I can also sing cranes (such as "Singing Crane Day") and dance with my hands down (dance name); Can play around (hunting) and bow (kicking); Know how to go, rule backgammon (similar to playing chess). You just lost my tooth, crooked my mouth, stupid my leg and broke my hand. You are as bad as me here, but you still refuse to rest. Then, in addition to the call of the Yan himself, ghosts and gods come to hook themselves, three souls return to the underworld, and seven souls are lost (the underworld). God, in the meantime, I won't walk on the fireworks road. "This piece of music highlights the author's cynical and bohemian abnormal behavior through arrangement, and embodies a strong and unyielding rebellious spirit and determination to persist in literary and artistic undertakings. ?
It can be seen that arrangement and implication are exactly two completely different artistic techniques. The main aesthetic characteristics of the layout are incisive, vivid, smooth and vivid.
Second, than?
Bixing is one of the three traditional techniques in China. Bixing is a metaphor, which is the most basic and commonly used technique.
Generally speaking, the figurative things used for comparison are always more vivid, concrete, vivid and simple than the ontological things being compared, which are recognized by people and easy for people to associate and imagine. ?
For example, Li Bai's "Shu Yun in front of the Xieji Building in Xuanzhou": "Only the water still flows, although it is cut by a knife, it is sad and happy, although it is drowned by wine." Draw a sword and cut off water, which is a metaphor for raising a glass and selling sorrow. It's really apt and accurate, and the punch line is amazing. ?
Another example is Jie Jiang's "The Biography of Plum Blossoms and Snow Protection in the West of Beijing": "Everyone says, no one is worried about me. There are plum blossoms in the snow tonight, like me. " Sadness and loneliness are like a snowy night at home. Very tasteful.
For example, Su Shi's Water Tune: "People have joys and sorrows, and the moon is full of ups and downs. This matter is ancient and difficult. " It is thought-provoking, inspiring and open-minded to compare the joys and sorrows of life with natural phenomena and their laws. ?
For example, the third of the four ancient quatrains written by an anonymous person in the Han Dynasty: "Toast is longer than Changfeng, and its roots are endless. Ruthless, can you feel safe? " Tussilage is a ruthless vegetation, and its roots are still inseparable; And people are affectionate, how can they be separated? ! ) In the poem, firstly, the heartless tussah (a creeping plant) is affirmed, thus denying the separation of people who should be affectionate. People are not vegetation, but now people are not as good as vegetation! The feeling of anger is expressed by metaphor, which is even more incisive. ?
For example, Li Yu's "cutting constantly, being confused, being sad about leaving" ("Night Cry") is a metaphor for the melancholy of two States and actions, which is difficult to get rid of.
Another example: He Zhu's "How much leisure? Yichuan tobacco, wind in the city, plum and yellow rain "(Jade Case) uses metaphor to describe" carefree sorrow "as endless and chaotic. ?
Xu Zaisi's "Acacia will only hurt Acacia". The body is like a floating cloud, the heart is like a flying catkin, and the spirit is so weak "(Chun Qing of the moon). The last three sentences show that the girl is ill and seems to have seen her, as if fascinated by her soul. ?
Metaphor: sometimes used to describe all aspects of things, sometimes used to describe the characteristics of a certain aspect of things. Choosing a vivid and concrete event to compare with a certain philosophy of life will leave a vivid and profound impression on people. ?
For example, Cao Cao's famous sentence: "The old horse squats in the stable and aims at a thousand miles; : Martyrs (volunteers who have made contributions actively) are full of great courage in their twilight years "("Although Returning to Life "), that is, the old horse's idle stable and the volunteer's twilight years are told one after another, which makes people realize their similarities in reality. ?
Another example is the "Ancient Songs" written by an anonymous person in the Han Dynasty: "Planting wheat in Gaotian will never be stable. That man is not embarrassed in a foreign land! " Wheat should not be planted in Takada, so as to compare it with the situation of living in other places for a long time, so that readers can understand the similarities in reason between them. ?
Third, xing:
Xing, say something else first, in order to cause the lyrics to be sung. From the characteristics, there are two situations: direct prosperity and comparative prosperity; In terms of use, there are two forms: initial prosperity and rising prosperity. ?
1. Zhong Xing inclusion ratio?
There is a metaphor in Xing, that is, in the opening sentence of "Say something else first to make the words sing", there is also a metaphor of "comparing one thing with another".
Xing contains ratio, which is often used at the beginning of a poem. Images used for fun are not directly related to the theme, but they play a catalytic role, and also contain some meaning of rendering and paving.
But if it is combined with comparison, it is directly related to this topic. Compared with simply arousing interest or simply using comparison, the meaning in poetry is multiplied. Xing includes ratio, mainly xing, followed by ratio. ?
Common poems expressing love, affection, parting, etc., often lead to associations from external landscape images. Judging from the types of images taken by Zhong Xing Hanbi, there are some animals and plants, and some are abiotic or natural phenomena. ?
Judging from the ancient poems since the Book of Songs, quite a few poems contain metaphors and take images from plants.
For example, Du Fu's "Farewell Wedding" begins like this: "Tussilage (a creeping herb) is attached with hemp, so it is not long enough to attract vines. It is better to marry a woman than to raise a roadside. " At the beginning, it is the rising of "say something else first to arouse what you want to sing", and the rising sentence implies the unreliable and unsustainable metaphor of "marrying a husband", which is Zhong Xing Hanbi. ?
Another example is the Book of Songs Nan Zhou Yao Tao, which says: "Peach flies (fresh and tender) and burns its flowers (flowers). My son (or' this guy') is back (married) and suitable (for ... and) to live in a family (family)! Peach is dying, but it has a heart (the fruit is big and bright). A son should go back to his family! Peach is dead, its Ye Zhenzhen (lush appearance). Yugui's son is suitable for his family! "
This is a song to celebrate the wedding, which may have been sung by the bride's companion when she came out. The main idea of the lyrics is: fresh peach trees are in full bloom. This girl will be rich if she goes to the door! Fresh peach trees, full of fruits and branches. This girl will make her family very happy if she goes through the door! Fresh peach trees with thick leaves. This girl's going through the door will definitely make the family more prosperous.
The first three paragraphs of the lyrics all begin with "the peach is dying", which is colored and rendered from the layers of flowers, fruits and leaves of the peach, and is metaphorical, expressing many good wishes for the bride's marriage. This is also a comparison between plants and flowers. ?
Ancient Yan Ge by Yuefu: "I am a white rabbit, and I am looking around. Clothes are not as good as new, and people are not as good as old. " The first two sentences of this poem are about animals and contain metaphors. Write about an abandoned wife who is forced to run away, just like a lonely little white rabbit, running around, although she still loves her old friend. The last two sentences are to persuade old friends to miss the past.
The leading lyrics of the Northern Dynasties;
One is: "The faucet (the top of Longshan Mountain) is running water, and it is a substitute for flowers (dripping water) down the mountain. I miss my brother, floating in the wilderness. "
The second song is: "Long head running water, singing whimper. Looking at Qinchuan (Guanzhong), my heart and soul are broken. " In these two poems, the first two sentences are based on the running water in the faucet, and compared with the state and sound of running water, such as wandering and homesickness. Here, although it is not bad to touch the scene and blend the scenes, it is the inspiration of Lenovo after all, and because of the combination of prosperous times and China, the first half and the second half are closely connected and become a complete whole. ?
2. Rise and prosperity
Poetry begins or ends with "touching things with passion" and "feeling animals", which is called "rising and ending". Has the function of arousing association, rendering atmosphere and mobilizing emotions?
In ancient poetry, rising and using are more common; Xingjie is relatively used less; And sometimes the ups and downs used in a poem are even rarer. ?
For example, Du Fu's epic "Divorce" said: "The toast is covered with hemp, so the vine is not long. It is better to abandon the roadside than to marry a woman and ask for a husband. If you become a wife, you won't warm your bed. .................................................................................................................................................................................. has many mistakes in personnel (intertwined dissatisfaction), facing Shui Jun! " This is a first-person narrator's narrative poem, in which a bride's image is portrayed.
At the beginning, plants are prosperous, and at the end, animals are prosperous: when birds see Liu Fei, they will be lucky in size. "By love birds to leave with people, this is another form of writing.
The whole poem, from the beginning of the "rise" to the end of the "knot", has a rigorous structure and is an excellent example of the combination of rise and knot in an article.