Groundwater includes well water, spring water, etc. The main anomalies are turbidity, bubbling, flowering, temperature rise, discoloration, off-flavor, sudden rise, sudden drop, borehole deformation, sudden exhaustion or gushing of springs, etc. People summed up the proverbs of well water changes before the earthquake:
Well water is a treasure, and earthquakes have precursors.
When it doesn't rain, the spring water is turbid, and when it dries, well water emerges.
The water level rises and falls, and flowers are bubbling.
Some change color, some change taste.
2. Biological abnormality
Some organs of many animals are particularly sensitive. They can know some disasters ahead of humans. For example, jellyfish in the ocean can predict storms, and rats can avoid mine collapses or harmful gases in advance. As for vision, hearing, touch, vibration and sense of balance, which organs play a major role in judgment and which play an auxiliary role may be different for different animals. Physical and chemical changes (vibration, electricity, magnetism, meteorology, abnormal radon content in water, etc.). ) The accompanying earthquake can often stimulate some sensory organs of some animals and cause abnormal reactions. For example, if the gravity of an area changes, some animals may be able to feel it through their balance organs; Abnormal vibration that may be detected by the auditory organs of some animals. Before the earthquake, the underground rock strata have been moving slowly day by day, showing a state of peristalsis, and there is strong friction between fault planes, so some people think that low-frequency sound waves will be generated on the friction fault planes only a few to ten times per second, which is lower than human hearing. People have to feel it at a speed of more than 20 times per second. On the other hand, animals are not. When they feel this sound wave, they will be terrified, resulting in abnormal phenomena such as winter snakes coming out of holes, fish jumping out of the water, pigs and cows jumping in circles, dogs barking and wolves growling. There are many kinds of animal anomalies, including large livestock, poultry, cave animals, hibernating animals, fish and so on.
Abnormal behavior of animals before earthquake.
Cows, horses, donkeys and mules panicked, didn't enter the stables, didn't eat, quarreled, fought in groups, broke their reins and ran away, pedaled and planed, and suddenly ran away while walking.
Pigs don't enter the circle, don't eat, make a hullabaloo about, arch and run away in circles.
Sheep don't enter the pen, don't eat, bark, run away and make trouble in the pen.
Dogs bark endlessly, cry, sniff, bite, run around, move around with puppies in their mouths, and police dogs don't listen to instructions.
The cat was so frightened that it climbed up the tree with its cub in its mouth.
Rabbits don't eat grass, make noise in their nests and flee in horror.
Ducks and geese don't go into the water during the day, don't enter the box at night, don't eat, follow their owners, scream and fly high.
Chickens do not enter the frame, collide with the frame, make trouble in the frame, and climb trees.
Pigeons don't go into the nest, live outside, and suddenly jump up and fly.
Rats came out of the cave in droves during the day, in a daze like drunk, not afraid of people, running around in a flurry, with rats in their mouths.
Snakes hibernate. The snake came out of the hole and froze to death in the snow. They increase in number and gather together.
Fish float in groups, swim wildly and jump out of the water. The fish raised in the tank jump around, their heads and tails are stained with blood, jumping out of the tank, screaming, being sluggish and dying.
Toads (toads) came out of holes in droves and even ran into the street.
The abnormal situation of animals, people also have a few words to sum up well:
Animals have signs before earthquakes, so it is very important to prevent and treat them by groups.
Cattle, sheep, mules and horses don't enter the stables, and pigs don't eat dogs and bite people.
Ducks don't go into the water and make noise on the shore, but chickens fly up the tree and scream loudly.
The snake came out of the hole in the ice and snow, and the mouse ran with the mouse in its mouth.
The rabbit jumped and bumped, and the fish jumped into the water.
Bees are moving noisily, but pigeons are too scared to go back to their nests.
Every household observes and reports any abnormal situation.
In addition, some plants also had abnormal reactions before the earthquake, such as germination, flowering, fruiting or large-scale withering, abnormal exuberance and so on.
20 earthquake proverbs
1. As soon as the noise came out, the earthquake came.
2. The sound of a big earthquake is heavy, and the sound of a small earthquake is sharp.
3. Loud, far away; Short ring, not far.
Listen to the sound first, then move, and act quickly when you hear the noise.
5. Jump up and down and sway back and forth for half a day.
6. Follow closely and jump up and down; Far away, swinging from side to side.
7. Up and down, in front of you; Hanging around in the air.
8. The house is in the east, and the earthquake is coming; If it swings north and south, it will come north and south.
9. Spray sand and water along the road, and the underground is the old river.
10. What is the most water and sand sprayed? Needless to say, it's wet and alkaline.
1 1. When tofu is extruded, water comes out and slag comes out; When the earthquake happened, water and sand were ejected.
12. The depression is heavy and the flat land is light; The sand is heavy and the land is light.
13. Brick-wrapped adobe walls are the least seismic.
14. Brittle in bumps, but in swings.
15. parapets, eaves and earthquakes are the most unlucky.
16. The foundation is relatively solid and far from the river; The wall is better and the connection is closer; The house is shorter and the roof is lighter; Reasonable layout and simple appearance. If you want to be better, learn more from each other.
17. Earthquakes often bring rainfall, either suddenly or violently.
18. Pay more attention to your work at home on the fifteenth day of the lunar calendar.
19. Well water is a treasure, and the precursor comes early.
20. Groundwater has a precursor: it is either rising or falling; Sweet becomes bitter, bitter becomes sweet; Muddy, muddy If you see it, you should report it. Why? Make a prediction.
3. Meteorological anomalies
People often describe earthquake prediction technicians as "the sky above, the ground below and the air in the middle", which makes sense. Meteorological anomalies often occur before earthquakes, mainly including sultry weather before earthquakes, people's anxiety, long-term drought without rain or heavy rain, yellow fog, dark sunshine, strange winds, hail in June and so on. For example, clouds in the sky are extremely long rays.
4. Abnormal ground sound
Abnormal ground sound refers to the sound from underground before the earthquake. Its sound is as varied as the thunder of a cannon, the running sound of a heavy car and the ups and downs of a strong wind. When an earthquake occurs, longitudinal waves radiate from the source and spread along the ground, making the air vibrate and sound. Because of the high speed but weak potential of longitudinal wave, people only smell the sound, but can't feel the ground moving. Therefore, the epicenter often has the feeling that "there is a shear wave before every earthquake". For example, it is recorded that boiling water expands in a tripod. Earthquakes of magnitude 3 are often heard in the epicenter. Earthquakes are the result of the structural changes of underground rocks and the movement of liquids and gases contained in them, and a considerable part of them are signs of impending earthquakes. Mastering earthquake knowledge may have a good effect on earthquake prediction and prevention.
5, abnormal grounding light
Geophysical anomalies refer to the light emitted underground before the earthquake, which has various colors, such as silver blue, white purple, etc., which are rare in daily life, but mainly red and white; Its forms are also different, such as ribbon, sphere, column, dispersion and so on. Generally, ground light appears in a wide range, mostly within a few hours to a few minutes before the earthquake and lasts for a few seconds. China Haicheng, Longling, Tangshan, Songpan and other places have colorful luminous phenomena during and before the earthquake. Ground light is usually accompanied by natural phenomena, such as earthquakes, landslides, collapses, sand blasting and spraying. It is synchronous with other macro and micro anomalies, and its cause is always closely related to crustal movement. It is also controlled by geological conditions and the state of the surface and atmosphere, which can cause different degrees of harm to people, animals and plants.
At present, the geomagnetic anomaly reports we have are all from a few seconds before the earthquake to 1 minute, such as Haicheng earthquake, Lancang earthquake and Gengma earthquake.
6. Abnormal ground gas
Geo-atmospheric anomaly refers to the fog from underground before the earthquake, also known as geo-atmospheric aerosol or geo-fog. This kind of fog, with white, black, yellow and other colors, sometimes colorless, often appears within a few days to a few minutes before the earthquake, often accompanied by strange smell, sometimes accompanied by sound or high temperature.
7. Abnormal ground movement
Abnormal ground motion refers to the ground vibration before the earthquake. It is a well-known phenomenon that the ground vibrates violently during an earthquake. However, before an earthquake, the ground sometimes feels shaking. This kind of shaking is different from that during the earthquake. The shaking is very slow, which is often not recorded by seismographs, but many people can feel it. The most obvious ground motion anomaly occurred before1February 4, 975 Haicheng earthquake with M = 7.3. 1974 to 1975 10, an earthquake of magnitude 17 occurred in Dandong, Kuandian, Fengcheng, Shenyang and Xiuyan.
8. Abnormal grounding drum
The ground uplift anomaly refers to the uplift on the ground before the earthquake. 1973 About half a year before the magnitude 7.9 earthquake in Luhuo, Sichuan Province, a lawn in Tuoba District, Ganzi County was raised, shaped like an inverted iron pot, about 20 cm high, and cracks appeared intermittently around it. It swelled for a few days and then disappeared, repeatedly until an earthquake occurred. Anomalies similar to ground heave include ground fissures and ground subsidence.
9. Electromagnetic anomalies
Electromagnetic anomalies refer to the anomalies of household appliances such as radios, televisions and fluorescent lamps before the earthquake. The most common electromagnetic anomaly is radio failure, and fluorescent lamps were also common in northern areas before the earthquake. A few days before the Tangshan earthquake of magnitude 7.8 on July 28, 1976, many radios in Tangshan and its surrounding areas broke down, with loud voices, inaccurate frequency modulation and sometimes continuous noise. Similarly, before the Tangshan earthquake, many radio stations in Tangshan and its surrounding areas failed.
Electromagnetic anomalies also include abnormal operation of some motor equipment, such as abnormal microwave stations, interference from wireless power plants, and failure of electronic alarm clocks.
Macroscopic anomalies of earthquakes play an important role in earthquake prediction, especially in short-term and imminent prediction. Before the 1975 Haicheng earthquake with M = 7.3 and the 1976 Songpan and Pingwu earthquakes with M = 7.2, seismologists and the masses had observed a large number of macroscopic anomalies, which provided important information for the successful prediction of these two earthquakes. However, we should also see that the macro phenomena listed above may be caused by various reasons. For example, the fluctuation of well water and spring water may be related to rainfall, and may also be affected by nearby pumping, drainage and construction. The discoloration of well water may be caused by pollution, and the abnormal behavior of animals may be related to weather changes, diseases, estrus and external stimuli. Also be careful not to mistake welding arc light and lightning for earth light, thunder for earth sound, and fireworks and flares for underground fireballs.
Once you find an abnormal natural phenomenon, don't easily draw the conclusion that an earthquake is about to happen, let alone panic. Instead, it is necessary to find out the time, place and relevant situation of abnormal phenomena, protect the site, report to the government or the earthquake department, and let the professionals in the earthquake department investigate and verify to find out the truth.
Second, the microscopic anomalies of earthquakes.
The seismic anomalies that can't be detected by human senses and can only be measured by special instruments are called microscopic anomalies of earthquakes, which mainly include the following categories:
Abnormal seismic activity: there is a certain relationship between large and small earthquakes. Although there are not many major earthquakes, there are many small and medium-sized earthquakes. Studying the characteristics of small and medium-sized earthquakes may help people predict the occurrence of future major earthquakes.
Topographic anomaly: Before the earthquake, the crust near the epicenter may be slightly deformed, and the rocks on both sides of some faults may be slightly displaced. With the help of precision instruments, this very weak change can be detected, and analyzing these data can help people predict the occurrence of future major earthquakes.
Geophysical changes: In the process of earthquake preparation, some changes may occur in the physical properties of rocks around the source area. Using precision instruments to measure the changes of gravity, geoelectricity and geomagnetism in different areas can also help people predict earthquakes.
Changes of underground fluids: Groundwater (well water, spring water, water contained in underground rock formations), oil and natural gas and some other gases may be generated and stored in underground rock formations. These are underground fluids. Measuring the chemical composition and some physical quantities of underground fluid with instruments and studying their changes can help people predict earthquakes.
Earthquake precursor poetry
1. Groundwater anomaly
Well water is a treasure, and the precursor comes early.
No rain, muddy water, dry weather, well water.
The water level changes greatly, and the flowers are bubbling.
Some change color, some change taste.
2. Biological abnormality
Mules, horses, cattle and sheep don't enter the pen, ducks don't go into the water, and dogs bark.
The mouse ran away, but the pigeon was too scared to go back to its nest.
The snake came out of the hole in the ice and snow, and the fish jumped out of the water in fear.
3. Others
Before the impending earthquake, in an instant, the earth boomed and the fire flashed.
A big earthquake is coming, so we should act decisively and quickly to avoid danger.
Macroscopic anomalies of earthquakes
Earthquake anomalies that can be directly perceived by human senses are called earthquake macro-anomalies. The manifestations of earthquake macro-anomalies are diverse and complex, with hundreds and thousands of kinds of anomalies, which can be roughly divided into groundwater anomalies, biological anomalies, geoacoustic anomalies, geooptical anomalies, electromagnetic anomalies, meteorological anomalies and so on.
Depending on the circumstances, this may also be inaccurate:
If there is a macro omen, it will basically take a minute or two. If there are groundwater anomalies, biological anomalies, geoacoustic anomalies, geooptical anomalies, electromagnetic anomalies, meteorological anomalies, etc. It may take hours or days.