I. Original text
Send twelve white and twenty rhymes to Li.
Tang Dynasty: Du Fu
There used to be fanatics, nicknamed immortal.
Put pen to paper shocks the wind and rain, and poetry becomes tears.
Since then, fame has never spread.
The literary talent is extraordinary and the communication will be unparalleled.
The dragon boat moves late, and the beast gets a new robe.
Come to the deep temple during the day, and Qingyun will follow suit.
Begging for the best, making promises and meeting my relatives.
I have not lost my ambition to live in seclusion, and I feel humiliated.
The play is about cherishing the wild and drinking childish.
Drunk dancing in Liangyuan Night, singing in Surabaya Spring.
You have no neighbors only if you are proud and don't show your heart.
Chu Shi and Mi Heng are handsome, and Yuan Xian's students are poor.
When the rice is not full, the tears of barley will hurt you.
Wuling Yan steamed the land, and the three dangers exiled the minister.
A few years ago, I was killed by an ostrich, and I cried to Kirin alone.
Su Wu returned to Han first, and it doesn't matter if Huang Gong went to Qin.
Chu Yan gave a speech that day, and Liang Prison wrote a letter.
The existing laws have been used. Who will explain this?
Autumn moon sings old songs, and I am sick at dusk.
Don't blame Bourne, use it and care about it.
Second, translation.
At that time, there was a free and unrestrained person named Li Bai, also known as Xian Xian.
Seeing him put pen to paper, the wind and rain lamented; Seeing his poems, ghosts and gods were moved to tears.
Since then, the name of Li Bai has shaken the capital, and the previous difficulties and frustrations have been swept away. He was called into the court by Xuanzong as an academician;
His earth-shattering and tear-jerking poems will be handed down from generation to generation.
He rowed with Xuanzong until late, and was finally given a royal costume by the emperor.
Xuanzong often summoned Li Bai, who was very popular.
Later, because I was framed by traitors and paid back, I met me on the road.
Li Bai does not hide his great ambition, but he can protect himself in different situations, whether he is favored or exiled.
After I met him, Li Bai understood my free and easy, and I also appreciated his generosity.
We drink and dance in Liangyuan at night and sing in Surabaya in spring.
Although talent is high, it is useless, and morality is high, but no one understands it.
Although his intelligence is comparable to that of Mi Fei in the Eastern Han Dynasty, his fate is like that of Yuan Xian, who is poor and destitute.
Li Bai must have been forced by life to take refuge in Wang Yong. It is said that he received a large sum of money from Wang Yong, which is really a rumor.
But he was exiled and drifted for a long time.
I have been troubled by disasters for several years, and my heart must be sad.
Su Wu finally returned to the cold pavilion. Will Huanggong Xia play for the Qin Dynasty?
Suffering from the cold shoulder of the monarch, Li Bai also wrote a letter to defend himself.
If things were difficult to understand at that time and Li Bai was allowed to plead guilty, who can report the matter to the court now?
In his later years, Li Bai kept reciting poems, hoping that he would recover soon and write more poems.
Don't complain that the emperor is unkind, but write to the court to know the truth.
Three. notes
1 fanatic: refers to He Zhangzhi. He is from Yongxing. In his later years, he claimed to be a fanatic of Siming. Immortal: A degraded immortal. He Zhangzhi praised Li Bai's poems for the first time.
⑵ "Poetry is a success" sentence: According to "Skill Poetry", I saw Li Bai's "Wuqi Qu" and sighed, "Can this poem make you cry? ""Li Bai is brilliant and full of dumping.
⑶ g τ τ τ τ τ τ τ τ τ τ τ τ τ τ τ τ。
(4) Chengshuwo (wà): It is particularly favored. This means that Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty told Li Bai to worship the Hanlin.
⑸ "Dragon Boat" sentence: refers to the White Lotus Pond in Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, and Li Bai is said as the preface to the happy banquet. "Beast Brocade" sentence: "Chronicle of Tang Poetry" contains: "You Longmen, Wu Hou, ordered his ministers to write poems, and the first winner was given a brocade robe. Zuo's poems in the East have been written, thank you. Sitting still, you become a poet, and both arts and sciences are beautiful. If everything is not refined, you will get a robe. " It is said that Li Bai won the first prize in the Royal Poetry Competition.
"You (mí) balance" sentence: You can be as good as Mi Heng. Mi Heng: In the Eastern Han Dynasty, people seldom argued. Kong Rong praised him as "wise and talented". Yuan Xian sentence: The family is as poor as Yuan Xian. Yuan Xian: During the Spring and Autumn Period, he was a disciple of Confucius and his family was very poor.
(7) The sentence of Coix lachryma-jobi: Ma Yuan collected Coix lachryma-jobi seeds on his toes, and people slandered it, thinking it was a pearl and a big shell. This refers to the time when someone framed Li Bai for participating in the Lilin Rebellion in Wang Yong.
⑻ Three Dangers: The mountain name is in the south of Dunhuang County, Gansu Province, where Shun Di Sanmiao fled.
I'm afraid that Li Bai is in danger. Fú bird: It was considered an ominous bird in ancient times. Crying alone sentence: sigh poverty.
⑽ Chu Yan (yán) Rosa roxburghii (lǐ): In the Han Dynasty, the king had a doctor. Musheng doesn't like drinking. Wang Yuan bought wine and often poured a glass for Musheng. Yuan Wang died, and his son succeeded to the throne, which was waiting for him at the beginning. Later, I forgot to set it. Mu Sheng said, "Without wine, the king is idle." So he said he was ill and thanked him. This means that when Li Bai resigned, Yong Wang Yu invited him to attend the shogunate. Li Bai said in the poem "After the Great Chaos, Tian En Liu Yelang recalled the past and gave Jiang the prefect, so that he could be slaughtered well": "The water army came in the middle of the night to look for his grandson. I made a mistake in an empty name, and the king sent troops to threaten me with his boat. He gave me 500 gold coins, and I regard them as floating clouds. Resignation is not rewarded, it is simply nine Niu Yi hairs. " "Liang Prison" pronounced: In the Han Dynasty, he was imprisoned for being slandered. Zou Yang wrote to Liang Xiaowang in prison, arguing that he had been wronged. After his release, he became a guest of Liang Xiaowang. This refers to Li Bai's efforts to defend himself after he sat in Xunyang because of Wang Yong's affair.
⑾ "Laoyin" sentence: Qiu Jiang's old illness shows that Li Bai has been pardoned and returned to Xunyang.
⑿ chá: Raft.
Fourth, the creative background.
Du Fu and Li Bai are very close friends. After hearing the news that Li Bai was exiled by the imperial court, he was very sorry, so he wrote some poems to remember and praise Li Bai, and "Send Li Twelve White Rhymes" was one of them. In July of the first year of Baoying (762), Du Fu sent from Chengdu to Mianzhou (now Mianyang City, Sichuan Province), just as the soldiers and horses of Jiannan made Xu know about the uprising. So I went to Zizhou (now Santai County, Sichuan Province). Only then did I know that Li Bai was recovering from illness in Dangtu, so I wrote this poem for him.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) appreciation
This poem aims at defending and rehabilitating the unfortunate experiences of Li Bai in his later years and depicting his extraordinary life. Wang Siyuan said: "This poem was obviously handed down by Li Bai, and his life record is ready." Lu Shixuan thinks this is "the character of maintaining justice between heaven and earth and protecting vitality" (a detailed explanation of Du Fu's poems). Poetry itself is also a masterpiece of "shocking the wind and rain" and "making the gods cry". Li Bai ranks twelfth among his peers, so he is called "Li Twelve White".
This poem is divided into three paragraphs, with an ending. The first paragraph traces Li Bai's experience of entering Chang 'an in 730 (the 18th year of Kaiyuan) and 742 (the first year of Tianbao) from "there are fanatics in the years" to "following the footsteps of Qingyun", which highly summarizes Li Bai's first half of his life and warmly praises the artistic achievements of Li Bai's poems. The first six sentences describe Li Baichu's visit to Chang 'an. Bai Meng's "Technical Poetry: Gao Yi" in the Tang Dynasty records that Li Baichu arrived in Chang 'an, so he "heard his name and visited him for the first time. Since it is strange, please let it be written. White out "Shu Dao Nan" to show it. I haven't finished reading it yet, and there are four people who sigh, and the fairy is counted. " It is also recorded in the book that He Zhangzhi said after reading Li Bai's "Wuqi Qu": "This poem can make the gods cry!" He called it a "desperate fanatic". According to these historical facts, the poet praised Li Bai's wonderful pen and flowers, even the wind and rain were amazed, and even the ghosts and gods were moved to tears. Li Bai was promoted, so he became famous in Beijing. Lost: buried. After 30 years of obscurity, it became famous all over the world. This poem is abrupt and magnificent from the beginning. It is not "the reputation of fanatics", and it is impossible to show the name of "fallen immortals". The reputation of "fallen immortal" comes from the mouth of He, a great poet with a long reputation, which adds more weight to it. Li Bai's fledgling career is a blockbuster, just like an actor appearing on the stage, shining brilliantly and winning a full house applause. These two sentences, "The pen falls and shakes the wind and rain, and the poem makes the gods cry", have always been considered as good sentences to describe Li Bai. The poet praised the powerful artistic charm of Li Bai's poems with high exaggeration. Putting pen to paper can make waves, which shows that Li Bai's poems and songs are magnificent; Poetry can make ghosts and gods cry, which shows that Li Bai's poems and songs are touching. The poet praised Li Bai's outstanding talent with exquisite language, and Li Bai, the "poetic fairy", is indeed qualified to accept such praise. This shows Du Fu's admiration and respect for Li Bai.
The last six sentences describe Li Bai's second visit to Chang 'an. The second sentence of "Cai Wen" is that Li Bai was called into Beijing by Xuanzong because he was good at poetry and fu, and dedicated to Hanlin; His incomparable poems will be passed down through the ages. The following four sentences describe what happened during Li Bai's sacrifice to Hanlin. For the sentence of Dragon Boat, see Tang Fan's Tombstone of Li: Xuanzong: "The lotus pond is white, and the public is not at the banquet, exchanges and prefaces. Gong was drunk in Hanyuan and still ordered General Gao to help him get on the boat. " Bai's "Hot Springs Serve Old Friends" is a sentence of "Animal Brocade": "Reward the pen that shakes the sky and give me royal clothes." Cai Mengbi quoted Li Bai Biography in Du Shi Zhu, saying, "Bai Le Zhang Ci's golden robe." Li Bai was often called into the palace to draft proclamations and music for the emperor. Because he was favored, some scholars followed him. At this time, Li Bai was full of ambition and reached the peak. The poet did not hesitate to highlight this point. Through the description of Li Bai's two trips to Chang 'an, the poet outlined a charming, elegant and unrestrained poet image with extremely refined brushwork.
In the second paragraph, from "begging for everything" to "all immortals are poor", it can be traced back to the spring of 744 AD (Tianbao three years), when Li Bai was returned with gold, he wandered north and south and was poor, recalling the deep feelings of brotherhood established by his acquaintance with Li Bai. The phrase "begging for return" is not only a defense for Li Bai, but also a taboo for Xuanzong. When Li Bai left Beijing, he was actually slandered by Zhang Yang and Gao Lishi and exiled by Xuanzong. After Li Bai left Chang 'an, he came to Liang and Song Dynasties (now Kaifeng and Shangqiu in Henan) in the summer of this year. He and Du Fu hit it off at once. "Live up to your ambition, bring disgrace to oneself" means that Li Bai lives up to his ambition and can save himself under different circumstances of being favored, reused and exiled. This is still a continuation of that kind of protective emotion. "The drama talks about cherishing the innocence of wild drunkenness" means that Li Bai can understand his wildness, that is, he is open-minded, and he also appreciates Li Bai's innocence, that is, he is open-minded. "Drunk dancing" refers to Li Bai's wandering in Liang and Song Dynasties; The phrase "Brother Xing" refers to Li Bai's return to Yanzhou, Shandong Province, where he lives. These two sentences are a leap in time and space, and Li Bai began to roam north and south. The next four sentences, in a different style, are devoted to Li Bai's talent. Although brilliant, the grand plan has not been shown; Frustrated in official career, although morally noble, no one understands. Although Mi Fei, a scholar in the Eastern Han Dynasty, was as wise as Zhuo Qun, he was also as poor as Yuan Xian, a disciple of Confucius.
In this passage, the poet skillfully used the method of multi-layer contrast. First of all, Li Bai was sent to Beijing by imperial edict and paid back the money. Through the contrast between "grace" and "humiliation", he explained that "begging for return" was forced and alluded to the hypocrisy of "superior imperial edict" Secondly, it is inevitable to be talented and long-lived, to be handsome and empty, and to be poor. Poets accuse the world of injustice through this contrast. Thirdly, "drunken dancing" and "singing opera" seem to have a happy atmosphere, but then they write that Li Bai's experience is bumpy and pitiful, in sharp contrast. It turned out that it was just a pleasure in suffering.
The third paragraph, from "not enough food" to "who will explain this", focuses on Li Bai's long life experience as Yelang, which is the most profound and the focus of the whole article. Since the An Shi Rebellion, Li Bai has no choice but to serve the country. In the autumn of 756 AD (the first year of Zhide), he lived in seclusion in Lushan Mountain. At the right time, Li Lin was ordered by Xuanzong to save Jiangling, led the army to the east, and passed by to find Yang. Li Bai wanted to "sweep" and "save Henan", but he was unconsciously involved in the whirlpool of contradictions between Su Zong and the struggle for power and position. The following year 1 month, Wang Yong was defeated. Li Bai went to prison and later went to Yelang (now Zheng 'an County, Guizhou Province). The phrase "Mi Liang" means that Li Bai was hired only because of his life. Some people say that he received a huge bribe from Wang Yong, which is pure slander. The poet tried to downplay the political color of Li Bai's entry into the eternal king's curtain and tried to excuse Li Bai. Li Bai began his exile in the winter of 757 AD (the second year of Zhide), but he did not reach Yelang. In 759 AD (the second year of Gan Yuan), Xia pardoned Yuzhou and also rested in Jiangxia. Take Yueyang and go south to Cangwu to avoid disaster. Cangwu refers to Lingling and Jiuyi Mountain in Hunan, bordering Wuling. "Wuling" sentence, because of the metrical relationship, reverses the time order. The former sentence refers to avoiding disaster, and the latter sentence refers to the long-flowing yelang. "Three dangers", the name of the mountain, is in the south of Dunhuang County, Gansu Province, where Emperor Shun fled for three seedlings.
"a few years have been stolen." When Jia Yi was exiled to Changsha in the Western Han Dynasty, an ostrich flew around the house, thinking it was unlucky and died of depression. At that time, Li Bai wrote "Don't be ungrateful after release": "I abandoned Changsha alone and didn't return for three years. When did you enter the publicity room and ask Jia? " Compared with Jia Sheng, the poet is also compared with Jia Sheng. When Li Bai was ill, he gave a manuscript to Li, and he wrote "Ancient Style and Elegant Rhyme for a Long Time". The poem says: "I am determined to delete stories and reflect thousands of spring." If Xi Sheng has a position, he will never win. " Self-comparison with Confucius hurts poverty. "Crying to Kirin alone" is this poem.
The above six sentences describe Li Bai's tragic experience and sad mood in his later years. The following six sentences are comments and feelings, trying to be unfair to Li. The story that Su Wu finally joined the Han Dynasty and did not violently attack the Qin Dynasty shows that Li Bai will not really disobey. The story of Mu Sheng's farewell to Liu E, the king of Chu, shows that Li Bai can respect himself, and Wang Yong didn't appoint him. Liang was sentenced to "imprisonment", which means that Li Bai once wrote a letter to defend himself as usual. The sentence "Yong" means that if Li Bai was sentenced to exile because things at that time were incomprehensible, who can present these truths to the court now? A rhetorical question, expressing the feelings that no one said, was deep and angry.
And this paragraph, because it involves extremely sensitive political issues and subtle royal contradictions, must be euphemistic and implicit, so there are seven allusions in twelve sentences. Originally, poetry was not expensive to prevent obscurity and stagnation. However, "if you can express yourself, invent each other through things, and make mistakes, there are many things to use, so why not!" " (Poet Jade Scrap) Take the phrase "tears of Coix lachryma" as an excuse. The phrase "a few years" is used to compare things with people. The sentence "Su Wu" is a metaphor for things ("Returning to Yuan and Han" is a positive writing, and "Refusing to obey Qin" is an irony). "Chu Yan" sentence, which is a metaphor for this matter; The phrase "Liang prison" is a metaphor for today's people by predecessors. This series of allusions is accurate and appropriate. Therefore, later generations commented: "Poets make things difficult, children are beautiful, and the so-called messengers do not do things." The last four sentences are conclusions. The poet praised Li Bai for being able to recite in his later years, wishing him an early "recovery" and writing more poems for the world. Li Bai was advised not to complain that he didn't get the favor of the emperor, saying that he should try to find out from the court. This is a word of comfort in helplessness, which makes old friends feel a little warm in trouble.
This poem is steady in antithesis, rich in rhetoric and accurate in words. Among Du Fu's 120 five-character poems, this poem is excellent in both ideological and artistic aspects.
A brief introduction to the author of intransitive verbs
Du Fu (7 12-770), with beautiful words, is called "Du Gongbu" and "Du Shaoling" in the world. Born in Fugong County, Henan Province (now gongyi city, Henan Province), he was a great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty. Du Fu is regarded as a "poet saint" by the world, and his poems are called "the history of poetry". Du Fu and Li Bai are called "Du Li" together. In order to distinguish them from the other two poets Li Shangyin and Du Mu, that is, "Little Du Li", Du Fu and Li Bai are also called "Big Du Li". He is concerned about the country and the people and has a noble personality. About 65,438+0,400 of his poems have been preserved, and his poetic skills are exquisite, which is highly respected in Chinese classical poetry and has far-reaching influence. He lived in Chengdu from 759 to 766 and was commemorated by Du Fu's Caotang.