Chang' an fell, the country was broken, and only the mountains and rivers remained; Spring has come, and the sparsely populated Chang' an city is densely forested. Sad state, can not help but burst into tears, amazing birds, leaving sorrow and hate.
The war lasted for more than half a year, and letters from home were rare, with a hundred thousand gold. Twisting with melancholy, scratching my head and thinking, the more I scratch my white hair, I can hardly insert a hairpin.
Interpretation in vernacular Chinese: Chang 'an fell, the country was broken, and only mountains and rivers were left; Spring has come, and Chang 'an, which is sparsely populated, has dense vegetation. Sentimental state affairs, tears can't help splashing, birds are heart-pounding, which only increases sadness but not hatred. The continuous war has lasted for more than half a year, and there are few letters from home. A letter is worth twelve thousand gold. Worried, scratching my head, my white hair is getting shorter and shorter, and I can't insert it.
Extended data
Creative background: In the 14th year of Tianbao (755), Prince Hengli was located in Lingwu (Ningxia), known as Su Zong in the world, and was renamed as De. Du Fu heard the news and went to Su Zong court alone. Unfortunately, he was captured by the rebels on the way, but he was not imprisoned because of his humble position. In the spring of the second year of Zhide, Du Fu, who was in the occupied area, witnessed the scene of depression in Chang 'an, and he had mixed feelings, so he wrote this masterpiece that will be told for generations.
"Although the country is divided, the mountains and rivers remain forever, and the vegetation turns green in spring." The beginning of the poem describes what I saw in spring: the mountains and rivers remain the same, but the capital has fallen, the city is ruined in the war, the grass grows and the trees are barren. A word "broken" makes people stunned, and another word "deep" makes people sad.
The poet wrote about today's scenery, which truly expressed people's sense of history, pinned their feelings on things, and created a desolate atmosphere for the whole poem with the help of scenery. "Spring in the city" refers to the season of lush flowers and trees and bright smoke in spring. However, due to the "destruction of the country", the decline of the nation and the fall of all countries, the glory of spring has disappeared, leaving only ruins and only "deep planting".
"Petals fall like tears, and lonely birds sing their sorrows." Flowers shed tears mercilessly, birds are frightened without hatred, and flowers and birds have grievances because of people. Both "feeling for time" and "hating farewell" condense Du Fu's misery. The poet felt the pain of national destruction and death. The more beautiful the scene, the more it will increase his inner pain. This kind of association creates feelings and empathizes with things through the description of scenery.
"After three months of war, a letter from home is worth a ton of gold." This reflects the poet's eagerness for long-awaited news under the condition of news isolation. War is the real reason why a letter from home is better than "10,000 yuan", and it is also the empathy of all people in war-stricken countries, reflecting the good wishes of the broad masses of people to oppose war and look forward to peace and stability.
"I stroked my white hair. It has become so thin that it can no longer hold hairpins. "When the war lasts for several months, the family will not believe it, and the worries of the country and the family will come to mind, and the internal and external troubles will be entangled. I have a miserable scene in front of me and I am extremely anxious. At this moment, I don't feel bored, scratch my head, hesitate, and my hair turns white. The poet wrote about his own experience of getting old because of the destruction of the country and the division of the war. Let readers feel the poet's inner pain and sadness.