First floor: Mountain (continuous, covering the sky)
The second layer: water
① Summer: Go into the water and ride the wind.
(2) Spring and winter: lush green pool, clear and brilliant.
③ Winter: Lin Han, Jane Su, Gao Ape, Xiao.
Total: majestic and beautiful.
Basic information:
Li Daoyuan's Three Gorges (selected from Notes on Water Classics) is a famous landscape work written by Li Daoyuan, a famous geographer in the Northern Dynasties and the Northern Wei Dynasty. The author briefly described the natural features of the Three Gorges in less than 200 words. Although this article is an excerpt, the full text is rigorous in structure, ingenious in layout and seamless, especially the author's skill of painting mountains and waters. Because the author has been to this place and has specific feelings, he can grasp the characteristics of the Three Gorges and the scenery in different seasons. Although the essay is only a few hundred words, it can sum up thousands of miles, covering the four seasons and including landscape plants. It's really a thousand words, a thousand miles away.
The author details:
Li Daoyuan (466 or 472-527) was born in Zhuolu County, Hebei Province during the Northern Wei Dynasty. Prose writer and geographer. His father, Li Fan, was born in an official family and was young and promising. Li Fan worked in the East Palace during the Taizu period, and later became an outstanding strategist with his excellent strategic vision. He used to be a general in Pingtung and a secretariat in Qingzhou. Li Daoyuan was also in Pingcheng (now Datong and Luoyang), the capital of the Northern Wei Dynasty. In 493 AD, the capital of the Northern Wei Dynasty moved to the south of the city, and served as a central official history such as the captain empire and the commander-in-chief of the northern army, and served as a local official many times. I have worked as a long history of Jizhou (now Jixian County, Hebei Province), a satrap of Luyang County (now Lushan County, Henan Province), a secretariat of East Jingzhou (now tanghe county, Henan Province), and Yin of Li Daoyuan South (now Luoyang).
The first half of Li Daoyuan's life was the heyday of the Northern Wei Dynasty. In 439 AD, after the Northern Wei Emperor Mao unified the North, many emperors made great efforts to govern the country, and then Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty actively reformed, and the national strength of the Northern Wei Dynasty became stronger and stronger. Li Daoyuan also followed Emperor Xiaowen and others to realize the great cause of reunification. However, after the death of Emperor Xiaowen, domestic contradictions began to rise again and gradually declined in the Northern Wei Dynasty 500 years ago. By 527, Six Towns Rebellion and Four Sides Rebellion had arisen. In the eventful autumn of the country, Li Daoyuan was generously martyred. Lonely geese are singing in the sky, and birds are singing in Qinshan. The meteor flashed and a generation of heroes fell. Li Daoyuan was known as "strict and fierce" when he was an official. Quite hated by strongmen and royalty. In the third year of Xiaochang in the Northern Wei Dynasty, in 527 AD, Li Daoyuan was on his way to Guan You. Encouraged by King Runan, the secretariat of Yongzhou sent people to besiege Li Daoyuan and his party in Yinpan Post Office (now Lintong East, Shaanxi Province). There is no water in the pavilion on the mountain. After digging more than ten feet of wells, there is still no water. Finally, Wan Ji was killed with his younger brother Dao Jun and two sons. Li Daoyuan has been fond of sightseeing since he was a teenager. He and his father traveled all over Shandong with friends when they were in Qingzhou. I have been to many places since I became an official. Wherever you go, you should visit the local places of interest, pay attention to the topography of the water flow, and trace back to the source. Moreover, I read a lot of geography books in my spare time and accumulated a lot of rich geography knowledge for us. Throughout his life, he made a lot of investigations, textual research and research on China's nature and geography, and wrote a masterpiece of geography-Notes on Water Classics, which made great contributions to the ancient geography of China.
2. How to draw Chinese mind map 1? The drawing process is not as complicated as you think, just as success is not as difficult as you think.
Tools You only need to prepare the things mentioned below, and you can start drawing. 1, A4 a piece of white paper; 2. Colored pens and pencils; 3. Your brain; 4. Your imagination! Step 1: Draw from the center of the white paper, leaving blank around.
Starting from the center, your brain will be able to expand in any direction and express itself freely and naturally. 2. Use images or pictures to express your central idea.
A picture is worth a thousand words. It can give full play to your imagination.
The more vivid and interesting a picture represents the central idea, the more you can concentrate, concentrate your thoughts and make your brain more excited! 3. Use as many colors as possible when drawing. Colors can stimulate your brain as well as images.
It can add a sense of jumping and vitality to your mind map and add great energy to your creative thinking. In addition, the free use of color painting itself is also very interesting! 4. Connect the central image with the main branch, then connect the main branch with the secondary branch, then connect the secondary branch with the tertiary branch, and so on. All brains work through association.
Connect the branches and you will easily understand and remember more things. Just like a thriving tree, branches emerge from the trunk and spread in all directions.
If there is a break between the trunk and the main branch, or between the main branch and the smaller branch and the branch tip, then the whole picture can't be smooth! Remember, connectivity is very important! 5. Connect with beautiful curves, never use straight lines. Your brain will get bored with straight lines.
Curves and branches, like branches of big trees, can attract your attention more. You know, curves are more natural and have more beautiful factors.
6. Mark a keyword on each line. Mind mapping does not completely exclude text, but emphasizes the integration of image and text functions.
A keyword will make your mind map more eye-catching and clearer. Every word and every figure is like a matrix, which breeds a series of related and interrelated "descendants".
As far as combinatorial relations are concerned, when a single word has infinite certainty, every word is free, which is conducive to the emergence of new ideas. Phrases and sentences can easily kill this spark effect, because they have become a fixed combination.
It can be said that the keywords on the mind map are like the joints on the fingers. A mind map full of phrases or sentences is like a finger without joints, like a stiff stick! 7. Use graphics from beginning to end.
Each picture, like the center picture, is equivalent to 1000 words. Therefore, if there are only 10 numbers in your mind map, it is equivalent to taking notes of 10,000 words. Skills: 1. Put the paper horizontally first, so that it is wider.
In the center of the paper, draw a central image that can represent the subject image in your mind. Then use a watercolor pen to give full play to your creativity.
2. When drawing, start from the center of the figure and draw some thick lines that radiate around. Each line uses a different color, and these branches represent the main idea of your theme.
You can add countless lines to drawing a mind map. On each branch, clearly mark the keywords with big words, so that when you think of this concept, these keywords will jump out of your mind immediately.
3. Be good at using imagination and improve mind mapping. For example, we can use our imagination to perfect this mind map by using the elements of brain thinking-pictures and graphics.
"A picture is worth a thousand words", which can save you a lot of time and experience and free you from taking notes with thousands of words! It is also easier to remember. Remember: the language component of the brain is the image! Next to each keyword, draw a picture that can represent it and explain it.
Use colored pens and a little imagination. It doesn't have to be a masterpiece-remember: drawing a mind map is not a drawing ability test process! 4. Expand this mind map with association.
For every normal person, every keyword will make him think of more words. For example, if you write down the word "orange", you will think of color, juice, vitamin C and so on.
According to what you think, more lines spread from each keyword. The number of connections depends on the number of things you think of-of course, there may be countless examples below to provide a composition mind map: 1. Important people write 2. Narrative mind map.
3. How to memorize ancient Chinese quickly with mind map-take the teacher of Shi Shuo as an example, so preach and teach to solve doubts.
People are not born knowing, who can have no doubt? If you are confused and don't follow the teacher, you will be confused and you will never understand. Before I was born, I studied Tao before I was born, so I learned from Tao. After I was born, I studied Taoism first, so I studied Taoism.
I am a teacher, and I don't know that years were born in me. Therefore, there is no nobility, no inferiority, no length, no shortage, and the existence of Tao and the existence of teachers. Ha ha! It's been a long time since the teacher passed on the Tao! It's hard to be confused! The ancient sages are far away, and they are still in the teacher's question; Today's people are far from saints, and they are ashamed to learn from their teachers.
So saints are good for saints, and fools are good for fools. What makes saints holy and fools stupid? Love his son, choose a teacher and teach him; If you are in your body, you will feel ashamed and confused.
The boy's teacher, the sentence of teaching and learning books, is not the person I am talking about telling his story and solving his confusion. I don't know, I don't understand, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know.
Witch doctors and musicians are skilled workers, and they are not ashamed to learn from each other. The families of the scholar-officials called their teacher disciple Yun, and they got together and talked and laughed.
When asked, he said, "He is almost the same as that year, and in the same way. Humble and shameful, officials are close. "
Oh! Obviously, the teacher's path has gone. Witch doctors are highly skilled musicians, and gentlemen disdain them. Today, his wisdom is out of reach, strange and embarrassing! Saint impermanence teacher.
Confucius studied under Tan Zi, Changhong, Shi Xiang and Lao Dan. Scorpions' disciples are not as clever as Confucius.
Confucius said, "Where there are three people, there must be a teacher." So disciples don't have to be inferior to teachers, and teachers don't have to be superior to disciples. They have a good understanding of Taoism and specialize in their skills. That's all.
Seventeen-year-old Li is good at ancient prose and knows all six arts. He has unlimited time to learn from Yu Yu. Yu Jiaqi can follow the ancient road and write Shi Shuo to make it last forever.
In ancient times, people who studied and asked questions must have teachers. Teachers are people who teach truth, impart professional knowledge and solve difficult problems.
People are not born to understand reason, who can have no problems? If you have a problem but don't ask the teacher for advice, those problems that become difficult will not be solved after all. Born in front of me, he understood the truth earlier than me, so I followed him and regarded him as a teacher. Born behind me, he understood the truth before me, so I learned from him.
I study truth. Who cares if he was born before or after me? Therefore, regardless of status and age, where there is truth, there is a teacher. Alas! The tradition of learning from teachers has not been inherited for a long time, so it is difficult for people to have no problems! Ancient saints far exceeded the average person, but they still followed the teacher for advice; Ordinary people nowadays are not as far away as saints, but it is a shame to learn from teachers.
Therefore, saints are wiser and fools are more stupid. This is probably the reason why saints become saints and fools become fools. People love their children and choose teachers to teach them; For myself, refusing to learn from teachers is really confusing.
Those children's teachers are teachers who teach children to read and learn sentences from books, not teachers who teach truth and explain difficult problems as I said. If you don't know the sentences in the book, you can learn from the teacher. You can't explain the difficult question, but you don't ask the teacher. You learn small things and discard big things. I don't see how they understand reason.
Witch doctors, musicians and craftsmen of all kinds don't think it's embarrassing to learn from each other. As soon as this kind of person who studies and is an official hears that someone is commensurate with "teacher" and "student", many people gather together to laugh at others.
Asked why they did this, they said, "He is about the same age as him, and he has about the same knowledge. It is shameful to say that people with low status are teachers and people with high status are teachers, which is close to flattery. "
Alas! The tradition of learning from teachers cannot be restored, as can be seen from here. Witch doctors, musicians and craftsmen are all looked down upon by the so-called elite. Isn't it strange that those "elites" are not as wise as these people now? A saint has no fixed teacher.
Confucius studied under Zanzi, Changhong, Shi Xiang and Lao Dan. These people are not as talented as Confucius in morality.
Confucius said, "When three people walk together, one of them can be my teacher." So students are not necessarily inferior to teachers, and teachers are not necessarily better than students.
Knowing the truth is the first priority, and the skills business has its own research and expertise, but that's all. Pan, the son of the Li family, is seventeen years old this year. He likes ancient Chinese. He learned all the classics and annotations of the Six Classics, and was not bound by customs. He came to learn from me.
I praised him for practicing the ancient method of learning from teachers and wrote this "Teacher's Talk" as a gift to him. Memory step: refer to the article memory step; Memory method: mind map analysis memory; Mind mapping analysis: Mind mapping helps to clarify the thinking, and the full text is divided into four paragraphs. The first paragraph: teachers preach and teach to solve doubts, regardless of the order and rank of teachers; Ancient scholars must have teachers.
Teacher, so preach and teach to solve doubts. People are not born knowing, who can have no doubt? If you are confused and don't follow the teacher, you will be confused and you will never understand.
Before I was born, I studied Tao before I was born, so I learned from Tao. After I was born, I studied Taoism first, so I studied Taoism. I am a teacher, and I don't know that years were born in me. Therefore, there is no nobility, no inferiority, no length, no shortage, and the existence of Tao and the existence of teachers.
Clear your mind, understand first and then remember. Yi Shui Recite Reference Information Point: Fu Yong knows-there is no need to know.
The second paragraph: don't inherit the status quo of teachers' teaching; Ha ha! It's been a long time since the teacher passed on the Tao! It's hard to be confused! The ancient sages are far away, and they are still in the teacher's question; Today's people are far from saints, and they are ashamed to learn from their teachers. So saints are good for saints, and fools are good for fools.
What makes saints holy and fools stupid? Love his son, choose a teacher and teach him; If you are in your body, you will feel ashamed and confused. The boy's teacher, the sentence of teaching and learning books, is not the person I am talking about telling his story and solving his confusion.
I don't know, I don't understand, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know. Witch doctors and musicians are skilled workers, and they are not ashamed to learn from each other.
The families of the scholar-officials called their teacher disciple Yun, and they got together and talked and laughed. When asked, he said, "He is almost the same as that year, and in the same way.
Humble is shameful, and being an official is close to contempt. "alas! Obviously, the teacher's path has gone.
Witch doctors are highly skilled musicians, and gentlemen disdain them. Today, his wisdom is out of reach, strange and embarrassing! Clear your mind and understand your memory.
4. How to draw Chinese mind map 1? The drawing process is not as complicated as you think, just as success is not as difficult as you think.
Tools You only need to prepare the things mentioned below, and you can start drawing. 1, A4 a piece of white paper; 2. Colored pens and pencils; 3. Your brain; 4. Your imagination! Step 1: Draw from the center of the white paper, leaving blank around.
Starting from the center, your brain will be able to expand in any direction and express itself freely and naturally. 2. Use images or pictures to express your central idea.
A picture is worth a thousand words. It can give full play to your imagination.
The more vivid and interesting a picture represents the central idea, the more you can concentrate, concentrate your thoughts and make your brain more excited! 3. Use as many colors as possible when drawing. Colors can stimulate your brain as well as images.
It can add a sense of jumping and vitality to your mind map and add great energy to your creative thinking. In addition, the free use of color painting itself is also very interesting! 4. Connect the central image with the main branch, then connect the main branch with the secondary branch, then connect the secondary branch with the tertiary branch, and so on. All brains work through association.
Connect the branches and you will easily understand and remember more things. Just like a thriving tree, branches emerge from the trunk and spread in all directions.
If there is a break between the trunk and the main branch, or between the main branch and the smaller branch and the branch tip, then the whole picture can't be smooth! Remember, connectivity is very important! 5. Connect with beautiful curves, never use straight lines. Your brain will get bored with straight lines.
Curves and branches, like branches of big trees, can attract your attention more. You know, curves are more natural and have more beautiful factors.
6. Mark a keyword on each line. Mind mapping does not completely exclude text, but emphasizes the integration of image and text functions.
A keyword will make your mind map more eye-catching and clearer. Every word and every figure is like a matrix, which breeds a series of related and interrelated "descendants".
As far as combinatorial relations are concerned, when a single word has infinite certainty, every word is free, which is conducive to the emergence of new ideas. Phrases and sentences can easily kill this spark effect, because they have become a fixed combination.
It can be said that the keywords on the mind map are like the joints on the fingers. A mind map full of phrases or sentences is like a finger without joints, like a stiff stick! 7. Use graphics from beginning to end.
Each picture, like the center picture, is equivalent to 1000 words. Therefore, if there are only 10 numbers in your mind map, it is equivalent to taking notes of 10,000 words. Skills: 1. Put the paper horizontally first, so that it is wider.
In the center of the paper, draw a central image that can represent the subject image in your mind. Then use a watercolor pen to give full play to your creativity.
2. When drawing, start from the center of the figure and draw some thick lines that radiate around. Each line uses a different color, and these branches represent the main idea of your theme.
You can add countless lines to drawing a mind map. On each branch, clearly mark the keywords with big words, so that when you think of this concept, these keywords will jump out of your mind immediately.
3. Be good at using imagination and improve mind mapping. For example, we can use our imagination to perfect this mind map by using the elements of brain thinking-pictures and graphics.
"A picture is worth a thousand words", which can save you a lot of time and experience and free you from taking notes with thousands of words! It is also easier to remember. Remember: the language component of the brain is the image! Next to each keyword, draw a picture that can represent it and explain it.
Use colored pens and a little imagination. It doesn't have to be a masterpiece-remember: drawing a mind map is not a drawing ability test process! 4. Expand this mind map with association.
For every normal person, every keyword will make him think of more words. For example, if you write down the word "orange", you will think of color, juice, vitamin C and so on.
According to what you think, more lines spread from each keyword. The number of connections depends on the number of things you think of-of course, there may be countless examples below to provide a composition mind map: 1. Important people write 2. Narrative mind map.
5. How to use mind mapping to learn Chinese How to use mind mapping to learn Chinese Release time: 2016-12-0113: 40 Related topic brain development thinking mode mind mapping uses the skills of paying equal attention to pictures and texts, showing the relationship between topics at all levels with hierarchical diagrams that are subordinate and interrelated, and using images and images.
Let me introduce how to learn Chinese with mind map. Welcome to consult and learn. Among the three major subjects, Chinese is the most embarrassing one.
Speaking of it, Chinese is the main subject except numbers, and people usually put Chinese at the forefront. But in fact, among the three major disciplines, Chinese is the least valued.
Look at the cram schools in society now: a large number of students choose to make up math foreign languages, and few choose to make up Chinese. Even compared with physical chemistry, Chinese has no advantage.
However, this does not mean that students' Chinese scores are particularly good and there is no need to make up lessons. It is generally believed that the level of Chinese achievement has little to do with tutoring or not.
Even if you barely make up, your grades may not change much. Is this view correct? First of all, we should admit the rationality of these views.
Compared with other subjects, Chinese has the characteristics of scattered knowledge points, wide examination scope and flexible examination methods. On the one hand, these characteristics lead to the loose connection between Chinese textbooks and exams; On the other hand, it also leads to the uncertainty of Chinese achievement.
For top students, it should not be a problem to ensure that mathematics is close to perfect score every time. But Chinese is not so complete.
Just a composition with different viewpoints can greatly reduce the probability of full marks. Therefore, some people use "flowers inside the wall, fragrance outside the wall" to describe Chinese: students who study hard may not get high marks in Chinese exams.
And those students who don't attend classes at ordinary times may be among the best in the Chinese score list. Is that really the case? The answer is of course no.
In fact, the above statement is a common misunderstanding of Chinese by parents and students. Although the scope of Chinese examination is very wide, it is not completely without scope.
Although its knowledge points are loose, it is not without rules to follow. Our strategy is to firmly grasp the most certain content in the Chinese exam as much as possible and reduce the uncertainty of other content as much as possible.
Summarize the problem-solving skills on the premise of laying a solid foundation, and then get high marks. Let's first analyze the part with strong certainty in the content of Chinese exam.
The first is the recitation of ancient poems. There is no skill in reciting traditional ancient poems. Read it several times, you can recite it when you are ripe, and remember it when you recite it more.
Although the effect is ok, the efficiency is too low. Using mind map to memorize ancient poems can greatly improve the efficiency and effect of our memory.
For example, we should remember how to do the poem "The old vine cries faintly, the bridge flows". You may find that the words used in this poem are nouns and can be smoothly transformed into images. Can you think of how to draw a dead vine? What about bridges and running water? It shouldn't be difficult to draw it with a mind map, should it? Generally speaking, the key to memorizing ancient poetry with mind map is to find out the core keywords in these poems and then convert them into graphics.
Try to treat these ancient poems as stories. Your task is to draw these stories and then remember them against these guiding stories. Efficiency will be greatly improved and it is not easy to forget. Then there are words.
These knowledge points are fragmentary, but there are still rules to follow. We can divide words into modern words and classical words.
Among them, the number of words in classical Chinese is limited and its usage is more regular. And all the knowledge points that can be classified or presented with regularity are places where mind maps can make a big difference.
We can classify these words according to their different parts of speech or functions in classical Chinese. As for the words in modern Chinese, you can also use mind maps to sort them out, but it takes a lot of effort.
Finally, grammar. Grammar can also be divided into modern grammar and classical grammar.
Like English, the grammar part is the most suitable part for summarizing and sorting out with mind map. Once you draw the whole grammar into a mind map, you will be able to appreciate the * * * of "reaching the top, the other mountains all appear dwarfs under the sky.". .
Next, we can talk about the uncertain parts of Chinese. Like all language subjects, Chinese learning also needs a sense of language.
The method of cultivating Chinese language sense is similar to that of cultivating English language sense. The most important thing is four words: "Read more and write more". These four words can be described as the four letters of Chinese studies.
All those who follow these four words can't get very low grades in Chinese. Many famous post-modernist writers don't learn much science, but they do well in Chinese.
This is largely due to their huge reading and writing. For those who love literature and plan to take literature as their career, it is necessary to devote most of their energy to Chinese reading and writing.
However, for students who have no intention of getting professional development in the field of literature, it is not worth the candle. Be sure to find a shortcut, read as many books as possible in a short time, and write as many articles as possible in a short time.
Mind mapping is such a shortcut. By drawing a mind map, we can draw an article or even a book into a mind map.
After reading with the guide map as the guiding framework, the efficiency can be imagined. We can choose some of them for intensive reading, skim some of them and even skip some places according to our own needs.
These all depend on the overall grasp of articles and books. To accomplish this task, nothing is more competent than mind mapping.
In the exam, modern Chinese reading and classical Chinese reading are both required questions, and they account for a large proportion. Many students read the articles in the test questions from beginning to end like reading novels, but after reading them, they are still confused and unable to get to the point.
We can use a few minutes to draw a small mind map for these problems, first sort out the context of the article, and form an overall impression of the article as a whole, as well as the relationship between the parts. This impression is precisely the focus of the most frequent examination.
6. How to recite ancient poems with mind mapping —— Taking Cui Hao's Yellow Crane Tower as an example;
In the past, the yellow crane carried saints to heaven, but now only the yellow crane tower is left;
The yellow crane will never come, and the white clouds will never fly without him;
Every tree in Hanyang becomes clear in the water, and Parrot Island is a nest of herbs;
But I looked home, and the twilight was getting thicker. The river is shrouded in mist, which brings people deep melancholy.
1, first understand the meaning of the content:
The ancient immortals all walked on the Yellow Crane, leaving only the empty Yellow Crane Tower. The yellow crane never revisited earth, white clouds have been floating in the air for thousands of years. On a clear day, you can clearly see the endless stream of Sichuan water flowing in the forests of Hanyang, and the grass on Nautilus Island swaying with the wind. In the evening, I can't see my hometown clearly, only the vast smoke waves on the river, which makes people sad.
2. Draw the key words in the poem:
In the past, the yellow crane carried saints to heaven, but now only the yellow crane tower is left;
The yellow crane will never come, and the white clouds will never fly without him;
Every tree in Hanyang becomes clear in the water, and Parrot Island is a nest of herbs;
But I looked home, and the twilight was getting thicker. The river is shrouded in mist, which brings people deep melancholy.
3. Then, use mind map to express the meaning of these keywords in segments:
4. Once again, practice reciting the article by reading the mind map.
Finally, don't read the mind map, recite the article according to the impression of the mind map.
Longer poems can help us remember quickly with another skill of "first sentence" Similarly, you should read the article out loud first, get familiar with the content, then take down the first word of each sentence in order, and string them into a story by using the association method of meaning or homophonic.