1. Yan Zi’s Theory of Using Humanities and Chinese Language Translation
Original text
Jinggong asked Yan Zi, "How is the behavior of loyal ministers?"
Yes Said:
1. Don’t cover up your faults, give advice to the front, don’t show off externally
2. Recruit talents and select talents, don’t be selfish at home
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3. If you are worthy of your position, you will be able to determine your salary
4. If you do not rise above the talented people, you will not receive enough salary
5. If you do not hold the power Think of it as good, but not as loyal to the position
6. Don’t cover up your talents to hide your talents, don’t write down to flatter your superiors
7. Don’t take care of the prince when the king is there, and don’t hand over to the princes when the country is in danger< /p>
8. If you follow the rules to advance, otherwise retreat, you will not do evil with the king
Translation
Jinggong asked Yanzi: "What is the virtue of a loyal minister? ”
Yanzi replied:
1. Do not cover up the king’s faults, give advice before the king, and do not promote the king’s excesses
2. Recommend the selection of virtuous people A capable person does not favor his relatives
3. Measure his own virtue and talent to get an official position, weigh his own talents to receive a salary
4. Find that virtuous people do not occupy the official position. The official is above him, and the salary he receives does not exceed the number of sages
5. Be content with your current position and do what you should do, and do your best to do your job well is to be loyal to your duties
6. Do not cover up the virtuous and conceal their merits, do not be mean to subordinates to flatter the king
7. The king does not serve the prince when he is in power, and does not make good friends with the princes when the country is in crisis
8. The king and his ministers When they get along well with each other, they stand in the court; when the monarch and his ministers disagree with each other, they resign from office and do not participate in the monarch's evil and improper things
Original text
Jinggong asked Yan Zi: "In ancient times, I came here When it comes to governing a country and its people, how can it be done by different people? "
Yanzi said: "Earths are different, but they are all born in one way. There is no limit to the responsibility. The wise man cannot give him anything, and the heaven and earth cannot support him. Therefore, when the Ming Dynasty appoints people, it is not about flattering the left and right, and the party is not about governing the dynasty. Don't force others to do their work, and don't force others to do their work. This is the rule of thumb."
Translation
Duke Jing asked Yanzi: In ancient times, the king ruled the world. King, how do they appoint people?
Yanzi replied: Land has different properties, and land with different properties can only grow certain kinds of plants. It is impossible to ask it to grow anything; people have different talents, and different talents A person can only be asked to do a certain aspect of things, and he cannot be expected to succeed in everything. There is no end to the demands, and even the most intelligent people sometimes are not agile. Therefore, a sage monarch appoints people, and villains who frame and flatter people cannot come near him, and people who form cliques for personal gain cannot serve in his court. When appointing people, do not consider their shortcomings, and do not force people to do what they are good at. Poor, this is the summary of the user.
Yanzi was the prime minister of Qi. He was loyal to the country, respectful to the wise, humble and full of wisdom. His instructive remarks provided clear standards and methods for future generations to discover and make good use of talents. If we can follow this method, why not be able to gather elites together? 2. Classical Chinese - Zhang Qixian's employment (translation)
Zhang Qixian was promoted from Youshi Shishi to Jiangnan Transport Envoy.
One day there was a family dinner, and a servant stole some pieces of silverware and hid them in his arms. Qi Xian saw them behind the door curtain but did not ask anything. Later, Qi Xian became prime minister in his later years, and many of his servants also became officials. Only that servant did not receive official salary.
The servant took his free time and knelt down in front of Qi Xian and said, "I have served you the longest, and all those who came after me have been promoted to official positions. Why have you forgotten me alone?" So he cried uncontrollably. stop. Qi Xian said sympathetically: "I didn't want to say it, otherwise you would resent me.
Do you still remember when you stole silverware in Jiangnan? I have kept this matter in my heart for nearly three years. I haven't told anyone about it for ten years, and even you don't know it yourself. I am now the prime minister, appointing and removing officials, encouraging virtuous officials, and repelling corrupt officials. How can I recommend a thief to be an official after you have served me for a long time? , I will give you 300,000 yuan now. Leave me and choose a place to settle down.
Because since I have exposed this past incident, you must be ashamed of me and cannot stay anymore. "The servant was shocked and left crying. 3. Classical Chinese translation of Han Gao Jinghu
Han Gao Jinghu
In the Tang Dynasty, there was a man named Han Gao. He was the grandson of the famous prime minister Han Xiu and the son of the minister Han Huang. Han Gao looks a lot like his father. Since his father passed away, he no longer looks in the mirror because he misses his father.
He is kind-hearted by nature and has the bearing of a prime minister.
When Han Gao grew up, he became a high official like the Minister of the Ministry of Revenue. Because three generations of the family have been such high-ranking officials, a tablet that was held when meeting the emperor was passed down from my grandfather's time. The prototype was passed down from his grandfather to his father and then to him.
He treated this prototype with great respect and never let his servants touch it. When you return home after going to court every day, you must personally put this tablet in your bedroom. When he went to court the next day, he would take it out himself. He treated this prototype with such caution, because he never forgot the teachings of his elders for a moment. And this prototype is a reflection of the lives of the two generations of grandfather and father. He is inheriting the noble integrity of his ancestors and does not dare to lose money at any time. 4. The Way of Employing People Ancient Chinese Translation
The emperor ordered the Yi people to be awarded the title of De Yi to promote talents, but nothing was done for a long time. He went up to interrogate him and said, "It's not that we are not dedicated, but there are no geniuses nowadays!" He said, "A gentleman uses people like weapons and takes advantage of each one's strengths. How can those who ruled in ancient times borrow their talents from different generations? That's right. If you don't know what's wrong with you, you can frame someone for the rest of your life!"
Translation: Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty asked Feng Deyi to recommend talented people, but he did not recommend anyone for a long time. Taizong questioned him, and he replied: "It's not that I don't do my best, it's just that there are no outstanding talents today!" Taizong said: "Using people is like using utensils. Each item must use its strengths. In ancient times, it can make the country better." Did the emperors who achieved great governance borrow talents from other dynasties? We are just worried that we cannot recognize people. How can we wrong the people of this generation? ”
The implication is probably that it is not because of ourselves. If you are ignorant, you will ridicule and ridicule others, which will only make you appear more ignorant. 5. Classical Chinese Translation
1. Salvaging the Iron Ox Original text: Fuliang in the middle of the Song River was made of eight-dimensional iron oxen, one ox weighing tens of thousands of kilograms.
During the period of peace, the water surged to the point of breaking the bridge, and the cattle were submerged in the river, and those who could get out were recruited. Zhending monk Huai Bing used two large boats filled with earth, clamped oxen to support them, and used big wood as a weighing hook to hook the oxen. He slowly removed the earth, and the boats floated on the oxen.
The transshipment envoy Zhang Tao heard about it and gave him purple clothes. Translation: There was a pontoon bridge in Hezhong Mansion in the Song Dynasty. It was fixed with eight iron oxen. Each iron ox weighed nearly tens of thousands of kilograms.
During the reign of Emperor Yingzong of the Song Dynasty, the flood surged and broke the pontoon bridge, causing the iron cow to sink to the bottom of the river. People who could salvage the iron cow were widely recruited. There really was a monk named Huai Bing who filled two large boats with earth and rocks so that they sank to the bottom of the water. He tied the iron ox with a rope to the crossbar between the two large boats, and used the buoyancy of the water to lift the iron ox. The earth and rocks on the boat were slowly removed, the boat surfaced, and the iron cow was salvaged.
The transshipment envoy Zhang Tao reported the incident to the imperial court, and the emperor gave Monk Huai Bing a purple robe. 2. Yang Bu beats the dog. Original text: Yang Zhu's younger brother said, "Bu, he came out dressed in plain clothes."
When it rains, the plain clothes are undressed, and the pure clothes are turned upside down. The dog didn't know it and barked at him.
Yang Bu was angry and would pounce on him. Yang Zhu said: "You don't pounce, you are still like this.
Is it not strange that Xiang made your dog white and come towards the black?" Translation: Yang Zhu's younger brother is called Yang Bu. , he went out wearing a white dress. When it rained heavily, he took off his white dress, changed into black clothes and went home. His dog didn't know it, so he barked at him.
Yang Bu was very angry and wanted to beat the dog. Yang Zhu said: "Don't beat the dog, you will do the same thing yourself.
If your dog was all white when he went out and all black when he came back, wouldn't you feel strange as well? " 3. There is a blind man who leads a dry stream. Original text: There is a blind man who leads a dry stream. If you lose your grip on the bridge, grab it with both hands and hold it firmly, otherwise you will fall into the abyss if you lose your hand.
The passer-by told him, "Don't be afraid. Put down the first one and it will be real." The blind man didn't believe it and held the trombone.
After a long time, his strength was exhausted, and he dropped his hand and fell to the ground. Nai said to himself: "Hey! If I had known it, it would have been true. How long would I have suffered!" My husband's road is very barbaric.
Those who stay silent in the sky and cling to a corner to be self-respecting, consider this a waste of time! Translation: A blind man was passing by a dry stream and (suddenly) accidentally fell down on the bridge. (He) grabbed the bridge railing with both hands and held on tight in fear, thinking that (if he) missed it, he would definitely fall into the abyss.
A passerby told him: "Don't be afraid, just let go, (below) it will be the real thing." The blind man didn't believe it, so he held on to the bridge railing and shouted loudly.
After a long time, his strength (gradually) disappeared, and he missed and fell to the ground, so (he) laughed at himself and said: "Hey! If I had known (below) it was the real place, why did I have to work so hard for so long? " 4. The original text of the present minister came: The king of Wei wanted to attack Handan, and Ji Liang admonished him: "The present minister came and saw a man in Daxing. He took his chariot to the north and said to him: 'I want to conquer Chu. .'The minister said: 'Your Majesty, Chu, will Xi face the north?' He said: 'My horse is good, but this is not the way of Chu'.
'The minister said: 'Although there are many uses, this is not the way of Chu'. 'My ruler is good. The more distant the ear, the more powerful the king is. The farther away you are from the king, the more you go north to Chu.
"Translation: The king of Wei was preparing to attack Handan. When Ji Liang heard about this, he returned halfway and had no time to stretch out the wrinkles in his clothes. After washing the dust from his hair, he hurriedly went to see the King of Wei and said: "When I came back today, I met a man on the road, driving his car to the north. He told me: 'I want to go to the Kingdom of Chu.
’ I said, ‘Since you want to go to Chu State, why are you going north? ’ He said, ‘My horse is fine.
’ I said: ‘Although the horse is good, this is not the way to Chu State! ’ He said, ‘I have a lot of traveling expenses. ’ I said, ‘Even though the travel expenses are high, this is not the direction to Chu State.
’ He added: ‘My driver is good at driving. ’ I finally said: ‘The better these things are, the farther away you will be from Chu State! 'Now, every action of the king wants to establish hegemony, and every action wants to gain prestige in the world. However, relying on the strength of Wei and the excellence of the army, he goes to attack Handan in order to expand the land and have a noble status. The king is like this The more actions you take, the further you will undoubtedly get further and further away from the cause of your Majesty.
Isn’t this the same as the man who wanted to go to Chu but went north? "The above story is now summarized as an idiom: North pole 5. Iron pestle grinding needle Original text: Grinding Needle Creek, at the foot of Elephant Er Mountain in Meizhou. Legend has it that Li Taibai was studying in the mountains, but he abandoned it before completing it.
Crossing the creek When I met an old woman, I asked her about grinding an iron pestle, and she said, "I want to make a needle." "
Taibai was impressed by this and graduated. She said her surname was Wu.
There is Wu's Rock next to the current stream. Translation: Mozhen Creek, at the foot of Xiang'er Mountain in Meizhou .
It is said that when Li Bai was studying in the mountains, he gave up and left after failing to complete his studies. He passed by a creek and met an old woman who was grinding an iron rod there. Feeling strange, he asked the old woman what she was doing.
The old woman said: "I want to grind this iron rod into a needle. Li Bai asked: "Is it possible to grind an iron pestle into a needle?" The old woman replied: "It only takes hard work!" "Li Bai understood what she meant, so he went back and completed his homework.
The old woman called herself Wu. Now there is a Wu's Rock by the stream. 6. Classical Chinese Translation
p>Wu Xun, a native of Tangyi, Shandong. His father died when he was three years old. His family was poor and he could only live by begging. He had to serve his mother before eating. People said that he was a filial beggar. His mother died when he was seven years old. He went out to beg during the day and helped others make twine at night. Every penny he got was saved, and he only used two penny to buy a thick steamed bun for himself.
A few years later, he saved six penny. Qian Wen, there was a rich family in the county with a good reputation for integrity. Wu Xun asked to see him (Zangmen didn’t know). The gatekeeper wanted to send him away, but he didn’t leave. The gatekeeper gave him money, but he didn’t accept it. The master was afraid of being disturbed and did not dare to let him in. Wu Xun knelt outside the door and refused to leave. The master had no choice but to see him. Wu Xun lay on the ground and begged him: "I have something to ask of you, and you must agree to it." The master said, "Do you want money?" Wu Xun replied: "I'm not asking you for money, but I'm just leaving the money with you." I have 6,000 yuan, and I hope to deposit it in your home, and I will collect the interest. One year later, (I don’t know what it means to use the son as the mother, the son is the interest and the mother is the principal), can you promise me? "The owner thought that the money was not much, so he agreed. Wu Xun kowtowed and thanked him and left. Later, every time Wu Xun made a profit of 1,000 yuan, he would take it to a wealthy family. After ten years, the interest and principal increased. When I got up, I also had a lot of money. Wu Xun said: "I can take revenge now. "
Wu Xun then rented a temple as a school, recruited students to impart knowledge, hired teachers, and held the dried meat respectfully. Some looked down on him and refused to agree. He knelt down until the teacher I agree. Every first day of school, I will entertain the teacher with good food. I will not regard myself as the host, but invite prestigious people in the village to come to the banquet. If some people are not willing to go, Wu Xun will not be able to bear it. They must be invited. When he was fifteen, Wu Xun came to inspect the school and thanked those who were lazy. When students slacked off in their studies, Wu Xun also knelt down to beg him, and the students also warned each other not to slack off. After several decades, Wu Xun still counted two students who left after graduation. Wu Xun spent his whole life in poverty.
Wu Xun was short and ugly. He begged until he was 80 years old. He never wasted a penny, but he founded more than 30 schools. Some people advised him to get married, but he refused. He accumulated a little money and took running a school as his own career. This is probably what the so-called "noble integrity and behavior, unique people" are talking about.
< p> hongzhouche Translation 7. To get wealth, people in ancient times used humanistic language translationTo translate this sentence, you must understand the language environment of this sentence. It is said that Mencius buried his mother from the state of Qi to the state of Lu. Back in Qi, there was a man named Chong Yu who was responsible for supervising the production of Mencius' mother's coffin. He had questions and asked Mencius for advice. Mencius said that the coffin of Mencius' mother was too luxurious. There are no specific regulations on the size, but there are regulations in the Middle Ages, but there are two situations: there are regulations on the size of the coffin, and if you have high-quality wood, you will not dare to use it, no matter how much money you have, it will not be satisfactory; if you have high-quality wood, it will be useless if you don’t have money.
Obtaining it means having wealth. People in ancient times used it, so why am I alone? Translated: It means having the status of using high-quality wood and having the financial resources to afford it. The ancients all did this, so why don’t I do the same? "Wei" here means the conjunction "and" and "and".
Mencius’s remarks are intended to illustrate that to fulfill your filial piety, do not save money on your relatives. People nowadays recite the sutra in a wrong way. They did not show their filial piety to their mother during her lifetime, but squandered her money after her death to show her filial piety. 8. Classical Chinese Translation
Zhongcheng Yu Chenglong inspected Gaoyou.
There happened to be a rich gentry who was about to marry his daughter. The dowry was very large, but it was stolen at night by thieves who punched holes through the wall and swept away everything. The local governor was helpless.
Yu Chenglong ordered all city gates to be closed, leaving only one gate to allow people to enter and exit, and sent the official leader to guard it, and strictly searched the passengers' loads. A notice was also issued telling the people in the city to go home and wait for a careful search the next day to be sure to find the stolen goods.
Yu Chenglong secretly told the tolerant leader: If anyone comes in and out of the city gate twice, arrest him. Two people were captured after noon, and there were no other accompanying items except their bodies.
Yu Chenglong said: "They are real thieves." The two men kept arguing.
Yu Chenglong ordered them to take off their clothes and search them, and found that there were two women's clothes under the outer clothes, both of which were dowry clothes from the wealthy gentry's family. It turned out that the thieves were worried about a big search the next day and were eager to move the stolen goods. There were too many items and it was difficult to carry them, so they secretly wore them on their bodies and took them out of the city many times. 9. Cui Zizhong’s classical Chinese translation and answers
Original text
Cui Zizhong, whose courtesy name is Qing Wei. He was originally from Pingduzhou, Shandong. Zizhong was a poor student. For the sake of literature and art, I was tired after several trials and gave up with regret. The earthen wall of Pimen Gate is cleaned with sprinkles; one is brown in winter and one is kudzu in summer. The wife is sparsely wearing cloth clothes and is working hard, and the three daughters are also interpreting and reading. Although there is no plan for the whole day, Yan Ru is also there. Painting is a desperate situation, and management is a way to show pride; more good-looking people are all inferior. At that time, many noble people wanted to make friends with him, but they all avoided him. I don't like to drink, and I have two or three old friends who have been chatting with each other for a long time. Scholars came from all over to admire him, but thanked him and disappeared. People may say this with a smile: "Friendships are flourishing and cliques are established, which can be learned from the Eastern Han Dynasty." As a result, those who restored society and established parties had such extraordinary insight! Few people know the poems and ancient Chinese words he wrote, only his painting ears. Dong Wenmin once said that his people, writings and paintings were not common in modern times. (Selected from "Jiangxi Classical Essence Series? Note Volume? Zhou Lianggong? Book Shadow")
Translation
Cui Zizhong, whose courtesy name is Qing Wei. His ancestors were from Pingduzhou, Shandong. When Cui Zizhong was studying in the prefecture and county, his family was very poor. The articles he wrote were very strange and profound, and he failed to pass the imperial examination many times, so he gave up the examination and left. The place he lives in has Chaimen earthen walls, but he is kept neat and clean. He wears a coarse cloth jacket in winter and a Gebu shirt in summer. His wife also wears ordinary coarse cloth jacket and is very diligent. Through hard work, (his) three daughters can also read and write; although there is no livelihood that can guarantee three meals a day, he is very happy. He is good at painting, (often) painting some beautiful scenes in isolated places, often relying on his extraordinary ingenuity to express his ambition of being proud of the world; he is also good at painting human figures, and they are all lifelike. At that time, most people with distinguished status were willing to associate with him, (but) he always avoided and ignored them. He doesn't like drinking, but he still communicates with two or three old friends through text, chatting together all day long without leaving. Many scholars came from all over the country to admire his character, but most of them declined. Some people blamed him, and he said with a smile: "If you interact with too many people and are too close, you will easily be regarded as a clique. The history of the late Eastern Han Dynasty can be used as a reference." Later, there were people who established parties by engaging in "restoration of society", which shows that he sees The ability to question is so extraordinary! Few people know the poems and classical prose he wrote; (everyone) only knows his paintings. Mr. Dong Qichang (posthumous name Wenmin) once said that his person, articles and paintings were not common in modern times. 10. Classical Chinese Translation
Original text
Zichan managed Zheng, but Deng analyzed the affairs and found it difficult. Make an appointment with the people who have prisons, a big prison with a robe, a small prison with a robe. There are countless people who sacrifice their clothes and learn to litigate. Treat what is not as right, what is right as wrong, there is no limit to right and wrong, and what is possible and what is not changes day by day.
Translation
When Zichan was governing Zheng, Deng Xi tried his best to make things difficult for him. He made an agreement with ordinary people who had lawsuits that he would be given a set of shorts and trousers for a small lawsuit, and a set of long trousers for a big lawsuit. Because people are motivated by the need to give away clothes, there are so many people who learn how to litigate that they are too numerous to count. (Result): The guilty are turned into innocent, and the innocent are turned into guilty. The boundary between guilt and innocence cannot be distinguished, and guilt and innocence may change every day.