The concept of "image" is often used in the teaching of ancient poetry. So, what is "image"? Image English is: image, which contains image, image, image, and the best translation is image. Image is an image in which emotion is integrated, which contains and embodies the poet's subjective feelings. Image is the unity of subjective emotion and objective image, and it is the aesthetic presentation state of scene blending. Simply put, image is an image with "meaning" and an objective image used to entrust subjective feelings.
As the favorite poetic image of poets in Tang and Song Dynasties, the moon frequently appeared in the vast poems of Tang and Song Dynasties. Why do romantic poets have a soft spot for the image of "moon"? What is the relationship between the image of the moon and the presentation of poetic artistic conception?
As Su Shi said in "Shuidiao Song Tou": "People have joys and sorrows, the moon has ups and downs, and it is difficult to be complete in ancient times." The image of "moon" entrusts the poet's subjective feelings of joys and sorrows.
This paper analyzes the "moon" image in Tang and Song poetry from four aspects: sadness, joy, separation and harmony.
First, sadness-eternity and impermanence
"The old country is surrounded by mountains, and the tide is lonely. In the old moon in the east of Huaishui, I also came to Nvbi late at night. " Liu Yuxi stopped by the Qinhuai River in the "Stone Town" and looked up at the sky. A bend in Old Moon aroused the poet's sigh and memory of history, and his feelings were attached to it. As a witness of history, the moon is round after round, endless and unchanging, and is "eternal" in the eyes of poets; Stone Town used to be prosperous, but now it is depressed, which can be described as "impermanence". In the sharp contrast between eternity and impermanence, in the dream interweaving of history and reality, the poet can't help feeling sad.
Li Yu said, "When are the spring flowers and the autumn moon? How much do you know about the past? The small building was easterly again last night, and the old country could not bear to look back on the bright moon "(Yu Meiren). Things change, like smoke and dreams. Jinling, the old country that used to sing and dance, can only reappear in memory-the so-called impermanence; And the spring flowers and the autumn moon are eternal-the so-called eternity. The beautiful scenery of spring flowers and autumn moon can only set off the sadness that the country is ruined and the king is a prisoner.
Zhang said, "Whoever sees the moon for the first time by the river shines on the people at the beginning of the month." The problem leads to the sadness that "life is endless from generation to generation, and the river and the moon are only similar year after year". Although "month" is similar year after year, "person" is different year after year. Life is like fleeting waves in the long river of history, short and small, while the bright moon and the universe are great and eternal. The poet takes the moon as the reference of life, and expresses endless grief through philosophical speculation on the eternity of the moon and the impermanence of life.
Li Bai's "Today's people don't see Gu Yue, but this month they took photos of the ancients. The ancients said, if people are running water, they look at the bright moon. I only hope that the song is right for the wine and the moonlight shines on the golden urn. "For a long time, a bright moon hung high in the blue sky and poured on the Yin Hui without stint. It gets up late, disappears quickly, and is always at arm's length with people. People today can't see the ancient moon, and ancient people can't see the moon today. The moon is long, but life is short. Facing the eternal bright moon, the poet has no emotion, which leads to the exploration of life philosophy, skillfully integrates the vastness of the universe, the vastness of time and space with the brevity of life, and expresses the sadness of eternity and impermanence.
In Li Bai's "Visiting the Ancient", "Today, there is only the Xijiang Moon, and the people of Wu Palace were photographed", and in Du Mu's "Two Poems of Runzhou", "Generally, the Southern Dynasties are broad-minded and the Eastern Jin Dynasty is the most romantic. Yue Ming wanted to be present, and a flute blew her mind. In Jiang Kui's Yangzhou Slow, the 24th Bridge is still there, and Leng Yue is silent. After reading the red medicine by the bridge, you will know who to live for every year! " Wait, it conveys eternal and impermanent sadness.
Second, Huan-beauty, love
1, Moon and Beauty
In the aesthetic world of ancient literati, the beauty of the moon is most similar to the beauty of women's appearance and posture, and the bright moon is a symbol of beauty, thus creating sentences that describe beauty with the moon, such as "the beauty of the moon is beautiful" and "the shame of the moon is a flower". In Yan Shu's "Huanxisha", "If you want to greet the eyebrows and the moon, you will face Bian Xia with wine." He used "moon" and "chardonnay" to compare women's eyebrows and faces, thus depicting the charm of beautiful women. Another example is Yan's "Death", which describes a boudoir girl who is lazy after waking up from a nap. Lv Yun is a metaphor for girls' dark hair, and the new moon is a metaphor for girls' dark hair and eyebrows. The moon image in Li Bai's poems also has this symbol and metaphor. For example, "Bright eyes and bright moon, the whole city smiles" ("Antique" 26), writing that the beauty of women is better than the bright moon; "The cup reflects the song fan, which seems to see the moon cloud" ("Meeting the Moon"), that is, taking the moon as an example, the girl who writes songs covers her face with a fan, just like the beauty of the moon in the clouds sometimes hides the clouds and sometimes reveals half. There is a beautiful moon in the sky, and the beautiful women on the ground complement each other. At this point, the poet skillfully integrated heaven and earth, and the elusive beautiful moon seemed to accompany him. The beauty around him is like a fairy in the sky and a beautiful woman like the moon, which brings double comfort to the poet both visually and spiritually. The moon here is a happy image.
The moon is not only like a beauty, but also a peerless and independent beauty, Chang 'e, who lives in the Moon Palace. Li Shangyin, who once complained about Chang 'e, also praised: "Su E, a young woman, is cold-resistant and has a frosty battle in the middle of the month." Chang 'e and Qing women competed to show their beautiful figures in the cool moonlight at night. The poet's imagination changed Chang 'e's aloof image in people's minds, and endowed Chang 'e with more mortal psychological feelings and even vanity to show off his beauty. At this time, Chang 'e is no longer a fairy, but an ordinary beauty with flesh and blood. The moon is Chang 'e's home, and the moon is Chang 'e's Guanghan Palace. Because the beauty of Chang 'e is well known, the moon is often regarded as a symbol of beauty.
2. The Moon and Love
Poets in Tang and Song Dynasties often use the image of "moon" in their love poems: first, because of the unique romantic atmosphere of moonlit night, it is especially suitable to set off the tenderness between lovers and outline their lingering feelings; Second, because the bright and flawless moon can symbolize the constancy and eternity of love.
In this kind of poetry, the "moon" temporarily got rid of the traditional sad image and became gentle and hazy, fresh and clear, just as people often say that "flowers before the moon" is full of poetry. For example, the phrase "the idle clouds come back, and the moon flowers in the old corner yard" in Yan's "Six Commandments" explains the location environment of lovers' tryst and renders the scene atmosphere. Another example is Zhang Xian's "Resentment of Love": "It's hard to reconcile resentment when we meet for a while. What's more, the wine wakes up the dream, and the flowers bloom and fall. Flowers are endless, months are endless, and two hearts are the same. At this time, I am willing to do it, and the willows are thousands of silk, which has aroused the spring breeze. " The whole poem runs through the images of flowers and the moon, symbolizing the past love with "before the flowers and under the moon", symbolizing the obstruction of love with "the flowers and the moon are hazy", and symbolizing the good wishes and persistent pursuit of love with "endless flowers and endless months". The sky and the moon, the flowers on the ground complement each other, and the * * * isomorphism has become a beautiful picture of the full moon. At this time, the moon is a testimony of love vows and sweetness.
In a word, poets in the Tang and Song Dynasties frequently use the image of "moon" in their works, and whether describing beauty or expressing love, they pin their affection and joy on the bright moon. At this time, the moon was not deserted or sad, but turned into warmth and joy in the poet's affectionate eyes.
Third, separation-separation, missing
Bai Juyi once lamented that "whoever incites money first has no intention of how he left her", while romantic poets, on the contrary, often sigh for where you will go. No matter parting with relatives, friends, lovers or homeland, the feelings at that time will linger in the poet's heart for a long time-turning to ashes and longing for love, thus creating a large number of parting poems, many of which are expressed by the "moon". In addition, the moon in these works is not a full moon, but a waning moon and a new moon, which means that they are incomplete and cannot be reunited, which is particularly consistent with the feelings of parting conveyed in the poem.
Su Shi's "I wish people a long time, a thousand miles of beautiful scenery" should be the most open-minded. The poet wishes the relatives, friends and lovers around the world who have suffered from parting peace of mind and body and enjoy the moonlight.
In Li Bai's "I heard that Wang Changling moved to Longbiaoyao to send this letter", "Send my heart to the bright moon, and the wind will go to Yelangxi." The poet turned his thoughts of his friends into whimsy, and asked the bright moon and the breeze to go to Yelang to convey greetings, pinning his care and thoughts on his old friend. Another example is "Sauvignon Blanc", which pretends to be relaxed: "I think dragons hate dragons, and I hate them endlessly." Yueming people lean on the building. "In the simplest and most popular language, it depicts a picture of longing for a woman-a spoony woman pokes her head out of an attic window with carved beams and painted buildings, looking up at the moon sky, lonely and bored, full of thoughts and resentment, and can only stop when her sweetheart comes back. The moon here is the only scenery that Qian Shan lovers can enjoy together thousands of miles away. They can only talk to the moon with their hearts full. The moon here is a lovesick thing. Li Qingzhao's "A Cut of Plum": "The word geese return, and the moon is full of the West Building." "Where did you wake up tonight?" in Liu Yong's Yulinling. "Yang Liuan Xiaofeng has a broken moon." In Zhou Bangyan's "Romantic Childe", "Looking at a river, geese sound sad; Half-positive and half-cold, the figure is uneven. " Su Shi's Jiangchengzi is "heartbroken every year, and the moonlit night is short in Songshan." As the image of lovesickness between lovers, the moon is endless.
"Looking up, it is moonlight, and then sinking back, suddenly thinking of home" in Li Bai's "Thinking of a Quiet Night". Du Fu's "He knows that the dew will be frost tonight, and the moonlight at home is so bright!" In Fan Zhongyan's Su Mu Gai, "The bright moon building rests alone, and the wine enters the heart to turn homesick tears." They all choose the image of "moon" to express their homesickness.
Four, together-reunion, reunion
The new moon is like a hook and the full moon is like a mirror. The "full moon" and "full moon" as opposed to the "waning moon" have always symbolized reunion, so children in China still retain the tradition of enjoying the moon in the Mid-Autumn Festival, and have long expected and cherished the full moon in the Mid-Autumn Festival. Poets in the Tang and Song Dynasties often use the image of "moon" in their works celebrating reunion, so I don't need to say more here.
In the voluminous poems of the Tang and Song Dynasties, many great poets sang their praises of ideals, yearning for the future, praising love, sighing for life, and expressing their feelings in the moonlight. No matter the joys and sorrows, they all blend into the bright moon, and the soul soars in the unity of things and me, so that today we still have endless charm when reading it.
What is the content? Words that often appear in the following poems can help you: