First, keywords
1. Add some words below.
When the water rises (zh ǐ ng), it becomes tender (nèn), when the water turns (w ǐ n), it turns to respond, and (h ǐ) holds an umbrella.
2. Write the corresponding Chinese characters according to Pinyin.
The nest curtain (su) of the brooding bird (cháo) withers, wears a hat (L) and shakes.
3. Explain the words added in the following sentences.
(1) (bird) called friends to show off his crisp voice and sang a melody. Show off: Show off.
(2) At night, turn on the lights, and a little yellow light sets off a quiet and peaceful night. Contrast: set off.
Hug: Understand the meaning of words in context.
4. Fill in the blanks with proper verbs.
The grass crawled out of the soil.
(2) "Blowing your face without chilling your willows", yes, like a mother's hand stroking you.
(3) Hundreds of bees are buzzing under the flowers.
There is a thin layer of smoke on the roof.
Second, key sentences
1. Peach trees, apricot trees and pear trees, you won't let me, I won't let you, they are all full of flowers. Red is like fire, pink is like chardonnay and white is like snow.
2. Wild flowers are everywhere: miscellaneous, named and unnamed, scattered in the grass, like eyes, like stars, blinking.
Three. Key paragraph
Write the last three paragraphs of "Spring" silently.
Spring is like a newborn doll. It's new from head to toe and still growing.
Spring is like a little girl, dressed up and walking with a smile.
Spring is like a strong young man with iron arms and legs, leading us forward.
Fourth, literary common sense.
1. Spring is a poetic lyric prose.
2. The author of Spring is Zhu Ziqing, an essayist, poet and scholar. Famous essays include "The Back" and "Moonlight on the Lotus Pond".
Knowledge points of the first volume of seventh grade Chinese published by People's Education Press II. Narrative person (three kinds of person)
1, the first person ("first person") can give people a cordial, natural and true feeling. Writing "I" in the first person is most suitable for describing the psychological activities of the characters. What you see, hear, do and feel can be expressed through the description of psychological activities. When writing "he" in the first person, it is most appropriate to write the appearance, language and movements of the characters, because it is more objective to write "he" with the impression of "I". The first person's description of my appearance and his psychological activities must be accompanied by imitation to convince readers. To write "I", you can write: "You can imagine how red my face was." To write about his psychological activities, you can write: "I feel relaxed." )
2, the second person said (role: enhance the lyricism and intimacy of the article, and facilitate emotional communication. )
3, the third person (role: can show colorful life more directly and objectively, not limited by time and space, and reflect reality more flexibly and freely. )
Second, the narrative way (or "narrative order") (3)
1, described in chronological order-described in chronological order. The structural pattern of sequence type is: total narrative+sub-narrative (sub-narrative 1+ sub-narrative 2+ sub-narrative 3+ sub-narrative n)+ ending. Function: The narrative is clear.
2, flashback-the end of the event mentioned earlier in the article or an important chapter in its development process, write the end or chapter, and then write it in chronological order. Function: This kind of brushwork can arouse suspense and attract readers.
3. Interpolation (supplementary narrative is a kind of interpolation)-For the full text, interpolation is only a fragment. After interpolation, the article returns to the original event narrative. This kind of narration is not the main part of narration, and generally does not happen in the mainstream time range. If this episode is deleted, it will weaken the profundity of the theme, but it will not obviously affect the integrity of the main plot. Function: Make the plot more complete, the structure more rigorous and the content more substantial. Supplementary function: supplement and explain the above contents, and make some explanations for the following.
(There is an unusual narrative called "telling the story straight", which is commonly known as "two flowers bloom, each with a flower", which means telling two or more things that happen at the same time, so that the clues are clear and handled properly. )
Third, describe
Generally speaking, description has the following functions: ① Reproduce natural scenery. ② Describe the appearance and inner world of the characters. ③ Explain the natural and social environment of the characters' activities.
1. Five description methods of characters: portrait (appearance) description, language description, action description, psychological description and expression description.
Function: better show the inner world and personality characteristics of the characters. Depicting characters' personalities, reflecting their psychological activities and promoting the development of stories. Wait a minute. When answering specifically, you should be clear about your personality and psychology.
2. Two kinds of environmental descriptions: the description of natural environment-describing the natural scenery in detail, creating an atmosphere, and setting off the emotions and thoughts of the characters. Contrast the mood of the characters, render the atmosphere, etc.
Description of social environment-explain the background of people's activities, point out the time and place of events, render the atmosphere, and better express people.
3. Front description and side description: The front directly shows people and things; Highlight people and things from the side.
4. Detail description: Describe the characters' personalities, reflect their psychological activities and promote the development of the story. It can also describe the voice of the characters and receive special effects.
Fourth, rhetoric.
1, metaphor: make the language vivid and increase the color of the language. Turn plain into vivid, abstruse into simple, abstract into concrete image.
2, personification: write things into adults, so that the language image is vivid. Give things human form and emotion (personification), describe vivid images and express rich meanings.
3, parallelism: enhance the language momentum, strengthen the expression effect. The narrative is thorough and detailed; Good at lyric.
4. exaggeration: highlight something or emphasize a certain feeling. Set off the atmosphere, enhance the appeal and enhance the association; Create an atmosphere, reveal the essence and inspire people.
5. Rhetorical question: it plays an important role and enhances the positive (negative) tone.
6. Questioning: Ask yourself and answer yourself, ask questions, and arouse readers' attention and thinking.
7. Duality: make the language concise and neat, and have a sense of music; Lyric and hearty; Easy to recite and remember.
8. Repetition: Repeated emphasis is impressive; Writing about scenery is lyrical and infectious; Connect the front with the bottom and distinguish the levels.
Note: The functions of various rhetorical devices (methods) are simply given above. When answering questions, be sure to combine the specific content to avoid being empty.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) structural arrangement
Skills of layout planning: cut to the chase, echo from beginning to end, show ambition, pave the way, deepen layer by layer, spread too much, set clues; Compact structure and complete symmetry; Lift the ground and take care of it; Set suspense, create waves, connect and merge, and have twists and turns. Whether the relationship between materials and the center is properly handled and whether the primary and secondary details are appropriate; Whether the materials are typical, authentic, novel and powerful.
Narrative texts are often arranged according to the passage of time, the transformation of space, the change of scenes and the logical order of thinking. The clues of prose conception generally include: taking emotion as the clue; Take reason as a clue; Take things as clues; Take spatial location as a clue.
Clarify the function of sentences in different positions in the text from the structure;
1, the first sentence-lead out the full text, outline and lead out the following to pave the way for the following;
2, the last sentence-summary of the full text, deepen the theme, take into account the above, echo before and after, meaning endless, memorable.
3, into a sentence-connecting the preceding with the following, transition, undertaking the above, leading to the following;
4. Central sentence-point out the center and reveal the main idea;
5, the finishing touch-point out the center of the full text and lead the full text; The sentence is profound, thought-provoking and enlightening after reading.
6, emotional sentences-express strong inner feelings, express your chest directly;
7. Contradictory sentence-it is self-contradictory literally, but the author has profound meaning. Reveal profound connotations and express profound opinions.
(1) The structural features of narrative (prose)
(1) Organize materials in chronological order or in the order of occurrence and development of events.
(2) according to the transformation of observation points to arrange material, such as my castle in the air.
(3) Arrange the materials according to the layout of the site, such as "Visiting Ancient Inner Mongolia".
(4) Arrange the structure according to the nature of materials, such as "trivial memories".
⑤ Arrange the materials according to the author's cognitive process or emotional changes. Like litchi honey.
⑥ Arrange materials according to what the author has seen, heard, felt and thought as writing clues.
Sixth, the expression begins to analyze the meaning of the sentence.
Five ways of expression: narration, description, explanation, lyricism and discussion.
Explanation: when expressing ideas in words, there is a problem of methods or means, which people are used to calling expression.
For example, narration, description and lyricism are the main factors, and argumentation and explanation are the main factors.
1, the discussion in narrative often plays the role of finishing touch, revealing the purpose and significance of narrative;
2. Narratives in argumentative essays often play the role of illustrations;
3. The description and writing style in the explanatory text have played a role in making the works more vivid.
4. The writing method of alternating narration and discussion makes the explanation and discussion of the article relaxed and lively, and it is both interesting and enlightening to read. The narrative in the article serves the discussion, which is based on narrative and provides factual basis for the discussion, making the argument well-founded and convincing.
Seven, punctuation marks
1, five uses of quotation marks: ① table quotation ② table irony or negation ③ table specific title ④ table emphasis or emphasis ⑤ special meaning;
2. Five uses of dashes: ① table annotation ② table insertion ③ table sound interruption, continuation ④ table topic conversion ⑤ table meaning progressive;
3. Six usages of ellipsis: ① Omit the contents of the table; ② Intermittent predication; (3) the table is incomplete because of grabbing the vernacular; 4 emotional contradictions; 5 thinking jump; ⑤ Thinking is in progress;
Eight, ten common writing skills
Symbol, contrast, foil, contrast, foreshadowing, care (echo), direct (indirect) description, promotion and suppression (to promote first, to suppress first), lyrical with scenery, metaphorical with things.
Symbol expresses the essential characteristics of a person and a social phenomenon through the concrete image of a certain feature. Example: Haiyan symbolizes the image of a proletarian revolutionary pioneer with great wisdom and courage.
Compare two opposite things or two opposite aspects of a thing, and highlight the main features of the main thing or thing. Example: Haiyan compares the tall image of Haiyan with the cowardly images of sea ducks, seagulls and penguins, highlighting the distinctive characteristics of Haiyan's courage and courage to fight.
The main features of ontology are set off from two angles. Example: Praise for Poplar begins with a description of the growth environment of poplars-the majestic northwest plateau, which sets off the tall image of poplars standing proudly.
Lyricism by borrowing scenery is to express the author's sincere thoughts and feelings by describing concrete and vivid natural scenery or life scenes.
For example, from "Hundred Herbs Garden" to "San Tan Yin Yue", the article vividly depicts the colorful scenery of the Hundred Herbs Garden and the boring life scene in "San Tan Yin Yue" from different angles and levels, showing the author's thoughts and feelings of loving nature, enjoying a free and happy life and being dissatisfied with feudal education that restricts children's physical and mental development.
Metaphor is used to describe things, highlight the characteristics of things, and express the author's noble thoughts and sentiments with metaphor. Example: Praise of the Poplar compares the northern soldiers and civilians with poplars, and compares the tenacious spirit of the northern soldiers and civilians fighting bloody battles for the liberation of China with the characteristics of poplars' integrity, simplicity, seriousness, honest and frank and striving for the upper reaches.
First suppress and then promote, first deny or belittle the image of things, then dig deep into the characteristics and internal meaning of things, then affirm and praise things, and emphasize the characteristics of things more prominently. Example: Praise poplars. Say poplars are not "good women" first, and then praise them as "good husbands", which highlights the external image and internal charm of poplars.
Nine, some commonly used terms (questions) of test paper topics
1. Answer what is the function of something in the article, which can be considered from three aspects. The first is the content, such as deepening the theme and emphasizing feelings; Second, the structure, such as transition and echo; Third, language, such as fascinating and lively.
2, ideological-basically refers to the central idea or theme of the article.
3, thoughts and feelings-the ideological tendency of the author or the characters in the work, such as good and evil, likes and dislikes, praise and blame, etc.
Extracurricular reading refers to reading content other than textbooks (teaching materials). No matter what you read in class or after class.
4, sentiment-refers to the heartfelt feelings, understanding, sentiment, etc.
5. Writing skills-candidates should be clear that the narrow sense of writing skills is "expression", and the broad sense of writing skills refers to all the skills of writing articles, such as expression, rhetoric, suppression before promotion, symbol, straight to the point, and expression of will.
6. Means of expression-in a broad sense, it is a special sentence organization method used by the author in writing words and expressing thoughts and feelings.
By analyzing a work, we can grasp its special performance from point to surface. First of all, there are many rhetorical skills in words and sentences, including metaphor, symbol, exaggeration, parallelism, duality, contrast, personification, allusions and so on. When grasping its expressive techniques as a whole, we should pay attention to different styles of works: lyric prose has rich and colorful expressive techniques, such as borrowing scenery to express emotion, supporting things to express emotion, combining cadence and symbolism, etc. Narrative writing skills such as beginning and end coordination, finishing touch, clever use of rhetoric, proper details, combination of narration and discussion, positive and negative comparison, etc. Argumentative writing skills such as quoting classics, clever analogy, reverse seeking differences, positive and negative comparison, analogy reasoning, etc. Novel description, comparison, bedding and reference, suspense and interpretation, real writing and imaginary writing.
The analysis of expression is a very general topic. Pay attention to the requirements of solving complete geographical problems when answering questions, and answer them concisely and accurately. For some topics, such as appreciating writing skills, it is necessary to accurately grasp the context, theme and genre style of the article, and choose the most important answer. It is not necessary to cover everything, such as the various methods of shaping characters in novels, such as the various methods of expressing emotions in prose, and try to get points.
7. Note: We should know some commonly used procedures (sentence patterns), such as what to embody, what to emphasize, what to strengthen, what to create and what to express, as well as deepen and clarify the theme.
X. Others: "A trip of two or three miles, four or five smoke villages. There are six or seven pavilions with 90 flowers. "
Two common narrative clues: object line and emotional line.
Two language types: spoken and written. Language features generally refer to easy-to-understand spoken language, rigorous and elegant written language, and distinctive, vivid, vivid and perceptual features of literary language. When analyzing, it is generally analyzed from rhetoric. )
There are two kinds of lyric: direct lyric refers to the author's direct expression of his feelings about something or situation. Because the author comes forward directly, the direct lyrical language often has a strong subjective color. (1) Choose an image to express feelings; (2) Express feelings directly to the image.
2. Indirect lyricism means that the author does not come forward directly, but expresses his feelings in other ways, and the language is calm and objective. (1) Lyric by characters. (2) Lyric through a specific tone.
Three emotional colors: positive, negative and neutral.
Three principles of language use: conciseness (concise sentences are generally limited by the number of words), coherence and appropriateness (civility, courtesy and humanity).
Three interpretation sequences: (1) time sequence, (2) spatial order,
(3) Logical order. There are six logical sequences: ① general ← to individual ← ② phenomenon ←→ essence ③ cause ←→ result ④ generalization ←→ concrete ⑤ part ←→ whole ⑤ main ←→ secondary.
Four literary genres: novel, poetry, drama and prose.
The novel has three elements: the characters (the main characters depend on whether the theme of the novel can be expressed), the plot (beginning/development/climax/ending) and the environment (natural environment/social environment). )
Characters mainly master the reading skills of depicting characters through appropriate description methods and angles and reflecting their thoughts and personalities.
Plot mainly understands the basic content of each part, as well as the methods and skills to understand and analyze the plot of the novel.
The plot of the novel consists of four parts: beginning, development, climax and ending.
Begin to explain the background and pave the way for the following.
Develop the characters' personalities and embody their individuality.
The climax shows conflict and reveals the theme.
The ending deepens the theme and leaves some thoughts.
Environment mainly understands the role of natural environment and social environment.
The natural environment describes the natural landscape, exaggerates the atmosphere, sets off emotions, predicts the fate of characters, reveals the essence of society and promotes the development of plots.
The social environment describes the social situation, explains the background of the story, reveals the social essence, and paves the way for the following content.
Four usages of sentences: declarative sentences, interrogative sentences, imperative sentences and exclamatory sentences.
Six elements of narrative: time, place, people, cause, process and result of events.
Six kinds of ill sentences: ① Incomplete components; ② Improper collocation; ③ Improper use of related words; 4 inconsistent; ⑤ Improper word order; ⑤ Misuse and abuse of function words (prepositions).
Seven interpretation methods: example, analogy, comparison, number of columns, classification, definition and quotation.
People's education edition seventh grade Chinese learning method
(1) I see. Through reading the text, notes, "thinking and practice", unit knowledge and training after class, we have a preliminary impression and a comprehensive understanding of the single text and the whole unit.
(2) refer to the relevant background knowledge and eliminate the obstacles of writing.
(3) think independently. It is important to think according to tips, articles and exercises. Such as whether the content of the prompt is really understood, whether the generalization of the topic, the division of levels, the induction of the meaning of paragraphs, the understanding of sentences, the analysis of writing characteristics and other issues can be solved, and whether the exercises after class can be answered. Those students with solid basic knowledge, good self-study habits, strong self-study ability and strong studious spirit should put forward higher requirements for themselves in "thinking"
(4) comments. Is to mark symbols where you don't understand. Use "?" If you don't understand. The key point is "※". It is best to use pencils for the words approved by self-study before class, and pens for the words approved after class, so as not to confuse your opinions with the teachers.
(5) problems. It is to question the viewpoint, rhetoric and expression of the article, which is the first step to become a critical learner. Only when students become critical learners can they get twice the result with half the effort. For example, in classical novels such as Romance of the Three Kingdoms and Water Margin, many of them will fight against the generals alone. Should students think about this possibility? If it is impossible, why does the author write like this?
Chinese learning skills of seventh grade in People's Education Edition
First of all, we should cultivate a strong interest. Confucius said, "Those who know are not as good as those who know, and those who know are not as good as those who are happy." This also shows that learning must be interested in what you have learned and learning, which is the basis of learning well, and so is learning Chinese. As long as we are interested in learning Chinese, we will find it interesting. If we find the pleasure of learning, it will help us to study Chinese persistently. Without perseverance, we can't learn Chinese at all. Some students think that Chinese is boring, they have too many things to recite, and they don't want to learn at all. Of course, their grades can't go up. Therefore, interest is very important for learning.
Secondly, learning Chinese is an accumulation process, which cannot be accomplished overnight. Only by long-term accumulation can we learn Chinese better. Accumulation also requires a lot of reading and reciting. When we are free, reading good books or articles can not only enrich our knowledge, but also cultivate your temperament. However, we should not only read, but also think. We should prepare a notebook record to extract, copy down the good sentences encountered in the process of reading, and look at them from time to time to make them our own things. When we encounter doubts and difficulties, we should also write them down, discuss them with others and listen to their opinions. Only in this way can we make progress and improve our level.
People's Education Edition Seventh Grade Chinese Book 1 Knowledge Point 3 Golden Flower Tagore
Lotus leaf mother bing Xin
First, keywords
1. Add some words below.
Smell Xi·Xi with a smile.
2. Fill in the blanks with the correct words.
(1) If I become a golden flower, I will grow on a tall branch, laughing happily and dancing in the air. Mom, will you know me?
(2) Mom, if you see a white boat in your dream,/don't be surprised that he dreams for no reason. /This is your beloved tearful daughter, Wan Shui Qian Shan/Please ask him to take her love and sorrow home.
Second, memorize the knowledge list of key sentences.
1. I am still not discouraged. I always hope that a person can only flow where I want him to go.
When the shadow of that tree falls on your hair and knees, I will cast my little shadow on your page, where you are reading.
Third, paragraph recitation knowledge list
Write the fourth paragraph of "Golden Flower" silently.
When you take a shower, put your wet hair on your shoulders, walk through the shade of golden flowers and walk to the yard where you pray, you will smell the flowers, but you don't know that the fragrance comes from me.
Fourth, literature (style) common sense recitation knowledge list
1. Golden Flower is selected from Tagore's poems. Tagore, an Indian writer, won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 19 13.
2. Paper Boat is selected from Stars, written by Bing Xin, formerly known as Xie Wanying, a poet and writer (title). Representative works include Stars, Springs and For Young Readers.
Chinese learning methods in seventh grade
1, learning is still, interest comes first.
2, business learning and seeking Tao
Self-confidence is the first secret of success.
4. Attitude is everything
5, do not emphasize progress
6. It is the fundamental purpose of learning to develop excellent skills.
7. Play, be lazy, and then learn.
8. Exam, analyze the test results, make the next plan and adjust yourself.
9. Learn from others
People's education edition seventh grade Chinese book 1 knowledge point 4 lesson 65438 +0. Walking Mo Huaiqi
First, keywords
1. Add some words below.
Bifurcation qūn
2. Explain the following words.
(1) grievance: I feel sad when I am accused or treated improperly.
(2) sparkling: describe the clarity of water.
(3) Everyone is in his place: everyone or everything has been properly placed.
Second, memorize the knowledge list of key sentences.
In one place, I squatted down to carry my mother, and my wife squatted down to carry my son. Although my mother is tall, she is thin and naturally not heavy. Although her son is fat, he is young and naturally young. My wife and I walk slowly, steadily and carefully, as if what I recite and what she recite add up to the whole world.
Third, literature (style) knowledge list backrest common sense
1. Add some words below.
tān Huànsh ying ju？ Bi? qiófáng sha NWānd？ u
Paralysis and nursing bid farewell to gaunt imitation peas ..
Fourth, the question:
1. What is the main content of this text?
This article tells the story of a seriously ill mother, taking care of her paralyzed son and encouraging him to live a good life, praising the great selfless maternal love.
Four things are written in the text:
(1) 1 When I lost my temper, my mother comforted me.
(2) The mother was seriously ill, but she didn't tell her son and didn't want to add pain to her son.
Mother begged me to see the flowers.
(4) Mother's dying entrustment
2. Why did my mother's flowers die after my leg was paralyzed?
A: Because of me, my mother is so tired that she can't take care of growing flowers anymore.
The article says that "I" sat by the window watching the fallen leaves, and "Mom came in and stood by the window". How do you understand mother's behavior of blocking fallen leaves?
Answer: Because my mother wants to make me feel better, which is also helpful for my illness.
When I promised to see the flowers, why did my mother fidget with joy? Why did "I" blame her for being "annoyed" and she smiled? What does this mean?
Answer: Because my mother watched Hope, this is the first time that "I" promised my mother to take me to play.
5. What does my mother mean by "live well" and what I said at last? What role does this play in the structure of the article?
A: Because my mother knows that she is dying and wants me to take care of myself in the future. After writing Live Well, I knew my mother's good intentions and decided to take good care of myself. There is an effect of "echo before and after" in the structure of the article.
People's education edition seventh grade Chinese learning method
multiread
Just read it over and over again. It is said that Mr. Feng Zikai's reading method is called the "22-time reading method". He has read a good article for 22 times. He deeply understands that after reading the article well, he will gradually recite it from his mouth, and reading more should be the basis of memory.
Have a strong memory
Is to restrain yourself purposefully, remember. Some basic concepts are hard to remember, such as Chinese pronunciation, form and meaning, and foreign words. Memorize what you understand, temporarily remember what you don't understand, and re-consolidate your memory in use.
Ancient poems are easier to understand after reciting, and they will be remembered more firmly after understanding-of course, this requires perseverance and perseverance. Over time, not only does the brain store more and more information, but it also develops a good habit of being willing to remember. Of course, rote learning and rote learning are not the same concept.
Diligent writing
Not only writing a composition, but also a part of it. Diary, lecture notes, punctuation notes in reading, sorting and extracting all belong to this category.
Writing itself is a more advanced memory, and we have this experience: to write a composition, you must first make a draft, and then write the first draft. When copying into the composition book, we can finish it without looking at the first draft. The reason is that writing has mobilized various organs and entered the advanced stage of memory. "A good memory is not as good as a written one" is not unreasonable.
Chinese learning skills of seventh grade in People's Education Edition
Pay attention to the accumulation of language materials.
Learning Chinese needs to accumulate over time. Language without accumulation is pale, and learning without accumulation is futile. Only by accumulating a lot of hair can we activate our thinking and learn from others. The main task of junior high school Chinese learning is to accumulate a large number of language materials first, and then understand and use them.
We should strengthen the following four links when reviewing: 1. Understand the meaning. For reciting poems, we should understand their meanings, especially the key words, and really understand them. 2. Circle and memorize. Confused words and misspelled words in poetry should be circled in red pen to attract intentional attention and focus. 3. Write by heart. When memorizing, you can recite and write down the keywords in the upper and lower sentences or sentences to prevent "falsehood". 4. Standardize writing to achieve "three cleanups" and "three noes". "Sanqing" refers to the clean surface, clear handwriting and clear strokes; "Three noes" means no scribbling, no variant characters and nonstandard simplified characters, and no addition or subtraction of strokes.