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Yuan zaju
Characteristics of Yuanqu: Folk. Yuanqu is the people's opera; Extensive. Yuanqu has a wide range of themes; Profound Yuanqu profoundly and directly reflects various social contradictions; Type. The characters portrayed in Yuanqu are typical of life and have human ideals. Stumbling There are many tragedies and comedies in Yuan Zaju. Artistic.
Yuanqu closely combines singing, speaking, jumping, beating with singing, doing, reading and beating. Yuan Qu has different lyrics in different periods, which are more political, cultural and artistic, especially in a specific period. There is no limit to the form of lyrics and songs, and there is no strict metrical requirement for basic points.
It comes from the tunes of the northern grassland nationalities, so Yuanqu is also called Beiqu. A popular literary form in Yuan Dynasty, including zaju and Sanqu, sometimes referring to zaju. It began in the Song Dynasty and flourished in the Yuan Dynasty. Generally speaking, Yuan Zaju and Sanqu are collectively referred to as Yuan Qu, Zaju is a drama and Sanqu is a poem, belonging to different literary genres.
But there are also similarities. Both of them sing in the form of Beiqu. Therefore, Sanqu and Opera are also called Yuefu. Sanqu is the main body of literature in Yuan Dynasty. However, the achievements and influence of Yuan Zaju far exceeded that of Sanqu, so some people called Yuan Zaju "Yuan Qu" or "Yuan Qu".
The development of Yuanqu can be divided into three periods. Early stage: from the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty to the demise of the Southern Song Dynasty. During this period, Yuanqu has just entered the poetry world from folk slang, with distinctive characteristics of popularization and colloquialism, bold and straightforward, simple and natural. Mid-term: from Yuan Shizu to the first year to Yuan Shundi, and then to the first year.
During this period, the creation of Yuanqu began to make a comprehensive transition to knowledge and specialization, and Sanqu became the main genre of poetry. The last period: from Yuan Chengzong to mindfulness, to the end of Yuan Dynasty. At this time, Sanqu writers were specialized in composing music. They pay attention to metrical rhetoric, deliberately strive for work in art, and advocate gracefulness, exquisiteness, elegance and beauty.