Farewell poems and homesickness poems often overlap in imagery, because generally when leaving home or being relegated, there must be a farewell, and the person being sent away will naturally feel homesick. Farewell poems generally describe scenery according to time and place, express parting emotions, and thus reflect the author's thoughts and feelings. Commonly used images in farewell poems include:
1. Social image group:
Changting: a place for farewell on land. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, pavilions began to be set up on both sides of the avenue for travelers to rest or say goodbye. The earliest source is from Yu Xin's "Ai Jiangnan Fu": "Ten Miles" Five miles away, there is a long pavilion and a short pavilion." Another example is: "The infinite people send me alone to wake up, and I feel sorry for the loneliness." (Liu Zongyuan's "I don't get drunk when I leave the wine room, but I send you a message to all the princes") [4] Another example: " Where is the return journey? "The long pavilion is even shorter." (Li Bai's "Bodhisattva Man") "The cicadas are sad, and it's late for the long pavilion" (Liu Yong's "Yulin Ling")
Lao Lao Pavilion: a famous farewell. The place is located in the south of Nanjing. Laolao means sadness, such as: "The saddest place in the world is Laolao Pavilion to see off guests." (Li Bai's "Laolao Pavilion") "Laolao Pavilion is blown by the west wind and is forced to decline. "Liu." (Zheng Xie's "Niannujiao") "Lao Lao Pavilion goes to the Spring Festival, and the battle in the south of the city is not returned every night" (Jiao Ran's "Second Songs")
Nanpu: Farewell by the water. The place is opposite to the pavilion, and generally refers to a farewell place by the water in the south. It first appeared in Qu Yuan's "Nine Songs of the River": "I will travel eastward to fight with you, and see the beauty off at Nanpu." [4] Another example: " The spring grass is green and the spring water is flowing. How sad it is to see you off at Nanpu." (Jiang Yan's "Farewell") "Farewell to Nanpu is desolate, and the west wind blows in the autumn" (Bai Juyi's "Farewell to Nanpu").
Baqiao: According to "Sanfu Huangtu": "Baqiao is a bridge across the water in the east of Chang'an. The Han people came to this bridge to break willows to say goodbye." Therefore, it is also called Bashui, and because Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty was buried here, so Also known as Ba Ling, it is said that Li Bai's poem "Remembering Qin'e" mentioned: "The willows will turn green every year, and Ba Ling is sad to say goodbye." For example: "I asked at the Bashui Bridge when I came to the court, but I didn't arrive in Qingpao to send jade." ( Li Shangyin's "Tears")
Drinking: The ancients usually drank to say goodbye, expressing both blessings and longing. The earliest mention was made in Jiang Yan's "Farewell": "The left and right are moving, and the relatives and guests are coming." Tears flowed. But Ban Jing came to present me with silver, and I only drank wine to express my sorrow." The most famous one is Wang Wei's: "I urge you to drink another glass of wine, and there is no old friend when you leave Yangguan in the west." Anxi")
Banma: Banma means a stray horse, and later farewell poems are often used to express the feeling of farewell. The phrase comes from "The Book of Songs·Che Gong": "The horses are screaming." Later, Li Bai used this allusion in "Send Off a Friend" to further express his deep feelings of separation, "Waving my hand to go, the horses are screaming." When the poet parted from his friend, , The two horses seemed to understand their master's mood and were unwilling to leave their companions. They couldn't help but roar when they said goodbye, as if they were infinitely affectionate. If horses are like this, how can humans be embarrassed!
Yangguan and Yangguan Three Layers: "I urge you to drink another glass of wine. There are no old friends when you leave Yangguan in the west." (Wang Wei's "Send Yuan Er Envoy to Anxi") "Lujiu Zun sheds tears in front of him, "The sound of separation in the Yangguan stack" ("Linjiang Immortal" by Yan Jidao)
Damp towel: The ancients would wipe their tears with a handkerchief when bidding farewell. The dipped towel naturally expresses the feeling of farewell, such as: "Wang Jun Yan Shui." Kuo, waving his hands and staining his towel with tears." (Liu Changqing's "Farewell to the King on the Eleventh Journey to the South") "Inaction is on the wrong road, and the children are stained with towels" (Wang Bo's "Farewell to Du Shaofu in Shuzhou")
< p> 2. Natural image group:The natural images in farewell poems are generally the scenery and natural phenomena seen at the farewell place, which are used to exaggerate the mood of separation and add to the feeling of sadness.
Willows: Willows have been used to represent parting since ancient times. The earliest "The Book of Songs: Plucking Wei" says: "In the past, I left, and the willows lingered. Now I come to think about it, and the rain and snow are falling." Using the willows I saw when saying goodbye. To exaggerate separation, the same technique also appears in the Northern Dynasties folk song "Song of Willow-folding": "Looking at the Mengjin River in the distance, the willows are dancing." Since the Han Dynasty, folding willows have always appeared together with Baqiao ***, and folded willows have been given to each other. It has become a custom to express feelings of farewell, which leads to feelings of nostalgia and longing for relatives far away. For example, the poem "Farewell" by Anonymous: "The willows hang green on the ground, and the poplar flowers are flying in the sky. When the willow branches are broken and the flowers fly away, I would like to ask the travelers whether they are returning home?"
Spring grass: Spring grass has a rich meaning in poetry. One of the common meanings is to express hatred for separation, so it is also very common in farewell poems, such as: "The kings and grandchildren have traveled here and will not return, and the spring grass grows luxuriantly." (Huainan Xiaoshan "Chu Ci. Recruiting Hermits") "The spring grass will grow next year." "Green, will the king and his grandson return?" (Wang Wei's "Farewell in the Mountains") "Departure from hatred is like spring grass, it will come back to life if we travel farther", (Li Yu's "Qing Ping Le")
Mountains and rivers: there are many places to say goodbye. It's the outskirts, and most of the sight is high mountains in the distance. I feel sad when I think of the high mountains and long rivers blocking us from now on, and the unpredictable distance of our friends. For example: "Tomorrow, across the mountains, the world will be confused." (Du Fu's "To the Eight Imperial Guards") "Tomorrow, on the Baling Road, the autumn mountains will be different." (Li Yi, "Happy to see my cousin and say goodbye") Another example: " "Old friends are separated by rivers and seas, separated by mountains and rivers several times." (Sikong Shu's "Farewell to Han Shen at Yunyang Pavilion")
River water: The ever-flowing river water not only takes friends away, but also symbolizes it. The constant sorrow of separation is expressed in the words: "The shadow of the lone sail in the distance is gone in the blue sky. Only the Yangtze River can be seen flowing in the sky."
"(Li Bai's "Farewell to Meng Haoran in Guangling") "The Lord Ming Dynasty's kindness has not lasted for a long time, and the Yangtze River has reached the shore of Wuxi River" (Wang Changling's "(Reply to Huangfu Yue in Nanling)")
Rain: "Cold It rains across the river into Wu at night, and I see off my guests in Chushan alone during the day." (Wang Changling's "Farewell to Xin Jian at the Furong Tower") It should be said that rain at night can especially arouse sadness. Su Shi's "Shizi Yu in Prison": "This is a green mountain. Burying the bones, the heavy rain only hurts his soul. He has been a brother for generations, and has an unfinished relationship with him. "It was the final words he wrote when he was imprisoned for the "Wutai Poetry Case", and the sadness of life and death was vivid. On paper.
Snow: "I saw you off at the east gate of Luntai. When I left, the road to the Tianshan Mountains was covered with snow. I couldn't see you on the mountain winding road, and there was a place for horses to walk in the sky above the snow." (Cen Shen's "Song of White Snow to Send Judge Wu" "Returning to Beijing") "Thousands of miles of yellow clouds and white sun, the north wind blows the wild geese and the snow." (Gao Shi's "Farewell to Dong Da")
The imagery of farewell poems and homesickness often overlap, like the words in homesickness poems The moon, sunset, cuckoos, and partridges are also common images in farewell poems. The artistic conception of farewell poems is generally similar to homesickness. Most of them are sad and sad, but there are also some that are open-minded and open-minded.