Because he lived in South Fan Chuan Villa in Chang 'an in his later years, he was later called "Du Fanchuan" and wrote "Collected Works of Fan Chuan". Du Mu's poems are famous for their seven-character quatrains, and the main content is to chant history and express emotion. His poems are handsome and natural, and cut into secular things. He achieved great success in the late Tang Dynasty. Du Mu is called "Xiao Du" to distinguish it from Du Fu and "Da Du". Also known as "Little Du Li" with Li Shangyin.
Classical poetry
Influenced by Du Fu and Han Yu, Du Mu's ancient poems are good at integrating narrative, discussion and lyricism, with rigorous style and thin sentence patterns, such as Poems of Feeling for the Heart, Poems of Du Qiuniang, Poems of Zhang, Lonely Village in the County, Books in the Snow, and Autumn Sending to Hebei. Among them, prose narrative and discussion are common. Du Mu's ancient poems were influenced by Han Yu. But sometimes he will use metaphor and image language to discuss, full of lyricism. Du Mu's ancient poems often have a different realm, simple and unpretentious, heroic and vigorous, such as "Chizhou bid farewell to Meng Chi's ancestors". In the late Tang Dynasty, the style of poetry was modest and powerless, mostly metrical poems and quatrains. Few people can write long poems. Du Mu's ancient poems were also outstanding in the middle and late Tang Dynasty. His poems, together with excellent poems known as "handsome", constitute three main aspects of his poetry creation. [5]
Quatrain
Du Mu's quatrains are equivalent to metrical poems, which have achieved great success and have always enjoyed a high reputation. Guan Shiming's Preface to Reading Tang Poems in Snow Mountain House said: "Du Tiancai Yi has Whitestorm, but sometimes he dreams." Seven-character quatrains are one, especially good at it. "Compilation of Poems in Heshang Wine Garden" says: "Du Fu's poems are only the most fashionable and always interesting. The moon has a lonely shadow, Gao Xia is alone, and the rest are not. " Shen Deqian regards Du Mu's quatrains as "implicit and meaningful", which can be called "inherited voice" in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, and summarizes its characteristics as "far rhyme and far spirit". He achieved the highest achievement among the seven wonders, with beautiful artistic conception, amazing comments and meaningful charm. Poems on history, amazing ideas, high historical knowledge. Du Mu's scenery is lyrical and poetic, with beautiful artistic conception and meaningful charm, which is beyond the seven wonders of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Du Mu is good at capturing the beautiful images of natural scenery, describing them with quatrains, subtle and refined, and blending scenes. In just four sentences, he wrote a complete and beautiful scene, just like a painting, such as Jiang Nanchun's quatrains. [5]
Lvshi
There are a considerable number of Du Mu's regular poems, among which there are more than 100 Collected Works of Fan Chuan, and about 167 except the Collected Works of Fan Chuan and other collections. His regular poems occupy an important position in all his poems, and his artistic achievements are also very high, especially the seven laws. The style of Du Mu's poems is handsome, cold, vigorous and heroic, which is the most prominent in his regular poems. Later poetry critics have pointed out that "steepness" is the characteristic of Du Mu's regular poems. Liu Kezhuang's Post-Shi Cun Dialect in Song Dynasty said: "Du Mu and Xu Hun are at the same time, but different. Pasturing in the Tang Law often contains less embarrassment to correct the disadvantages of the times. " Yang Shenyun in Ming Dynasty: "Since the late Tang Dynasty, Li Yishan has declined, but Du Mu is the best. Song people commented that his poems were magnificent, elegant and beautiful, and they were particularly awkward in regular poems. They should be confident because of the disadvantages of the times. " The reason why Du Mu's metrical poems are "small and steep" or "special and steep" is that, as Zhao Yi said, "since the middle Tang Dynasty, metrical poems have prevailed and competed to discuss diseases, so they are multi-syllable harmonious and have a beautiful style. Du Mu is afraid of weakness and creates his own arrogant learning to correct its disadvantages. " Abrupt, on the one hand, refers to the abrupt momentum produced by poems without rhyme changes; On the other hand, it refers to the bold and vigorous artistic conception similar to classical poetry. Du Mu pretended to be an awkward sentence in the verse, or expressed an ancient meaning, showing a strong momentum and trying to correct the weak and mature style of poetry. Du Mu's Seven Laws are very realistic. In addition, Du Mu's rhythmic poems are all ancient rhymes, and there is a quaint charm in lingering.