1. Languages of official legal documents: orders, motions, decisions, opinions, announcements, notices, notices, reports, requests, replies, letters and meeting minutes.
2. Daily business terms: briefings, rules and regulations, speeches, investigation reports, plans and summaries.
Three. Economic application language: contracts, advertisements and brochures, tenders, tenders and market research reports.
4. Applicable documents of law: public security organs' (filing report, case-solving report, prosecution opinion), people's procuratorates' (indictment, decision to approve arrest, protest), people's courts' (criminal first and second instance judgment, civil first and second instance judgment, criminal first and second instance ruling), others' (criminal private prosecution, civil indictment, defense, criminal appeal, civil appeal, petition, etc.
5. Public relations communication genre: introduction (general letter, letter of introduction and proof, active application letter, invitation letter), condolence (condolence letter, commendation letter, thank-you letter), congratulations (greetings, congratulatory letter, congratulatory message), welcome speech (thank-you words) 6. Other commonly used genres: news (news, words of thanks)
Practical writing is a kind of articles that are used by state organs, enterprises and institutions, social organizations and the people in their work, study and life, which directly serve real life and have practical value and customary format.
This style is a tool for people to exchange ideas, experiences, information, public relations and specific affairs.
2. What are the types of practical writing?
(a) according to different purposes, can be divided into two categories:
One is used by administrative organs, organizations, enterprises and institutions to handle official business;
One kind is used by individuals or groups to handle private affairs.
(two) according to the different nature, can be divided into the following three categories:
General practical writing, some people think that it should include the following types: letters (thank you letter, commendation letter, condolence letter, introduction letter, open letter, certification letter, application, proposal, proposal, invitation letter), notices, meeting minutes, reading notes, explanations, notices, etc.
Official document practical writing refers to the official document practical writing published in the name of the party and state organs, social organizations, enterprises and institutions. Such as: notice, circular, reply, instruction, decision, order, instruction, official letter, etc. This kind of practical writing is often solemn and suitable for specific occasions.
Transactional practical writing is an applied style to deal with daily affairs, which generally includes invitations, investigation reports, rules and regulations and various evaluations. In order to arrange the style of this book in a unified way, and according to the characteristics of all kinds of daily practical writing, the daily practical writing is divided into the following categories.
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3. According to the scope of application and the nature of content, what are the names of practical writing? The types of practical writing are:
(1) official documents
Official documents can be divided into administrative documents and business documents.
1. Administrative document: refers to the text stipulated in the Measures for Handling Official Documents of State Administrative Organs. Including: orders (orders), decisions, notices, circulars, motions, reports, requests for instructions, replies, opinions, letters and meeting minutes.
2. Business documents: including plans, summaries, investigation reports, debriefing reports, competition reports, rules and regulations, meeting minutes, meeting speeches, opening and closing speeches, briefings, etc.
(2) industry-specific documents
Trade documents refer to professional documents. Mainly includes:
1. Financial documents: such as market survey report, market forecast report, economic activity analysis report, feasibility study report, audit report, economic contract, tender, tender, etc.
2. Judicial documents: such as complaints, pleadings, appeals, judgments, notaries, etc.
3. Scientific documents: such as scientific papers, scientific reports, graduation design reports, experimental reports, product manuals, etc.
4. Communication documents: such as news, newsletters, features, advertisements, etc.
There are also professional documents such as diplomatic and military documents, but they are omitted for specific purposes.
(3) Daily application documents
Such as cover letters, notices, posters, welcome words, farewell words, greetings and so on.
4. What are the practical functions of practical writing? The emergence of practical writing is the need of social life and social management activities, which is indispensable to any society and used by all classes. In different historical periods, practical writing plays an extremely important role in social development and progress. Any society wants to be a harmonious and orderly society. It is necessary to issue relevant documents to publicize the national line, principles and policies, moral norms and laws to regulate people's behavior, so that people can abide by them and finally realize social management. Practical writing, as the carrier of documents, plays the role of command and management, publicity and education, communication and coordination, and evidence basis, which is embodied as: 1. The role of command and management Practical writing is an important tool for managing state affairs, especially in official documents. "It shoulders the basic mission of recording and transmitting social management information and plays a key role in making the whole society and its various organizations and members operate in an orderly manner. As the ancients said, it is the real "national axis" (Wang Zhibin, editor-in-chief, Dictionary of New Pragmatism Official Documents, Shanghai: Fudan University Press, April 2002). Normative behavior must be handed down through practical writing, such as decisions, opinions and notices issued by higher authorities, which all play a role in management and restraint. The lower authorities must comply with it, or refer to it according to the actual situation in the region. Only in this way can the state's principles and policies be passed down layer by layer, spread to the people and become the conscious actions of the people of the whole country. On the contrary, the instructions, reports and summaries of subordinate organs. It is necessary to timely reflect the various situations at the grassroots level, provide a basis for the correct decision-making of superiors, and guide the work in time. Therefore, practical writing is an indispensable part of social management, which plays the role of command and management. Second, the role of publicizing policies and laws has played a role in promulgating laws and administrative regulations since ancient times. Since entering the modern society, the national legislature has promulgated more and more detailed laws and regulations according to the actual needs of society. In order to realize the goal of governing the country according to law, all kinds of laws and regulations formulated by the national legislature, rules of administrative organs and rules and regulations formulated by enterprises and institutions should be promulgated through practical writing. These legal documents and rules and regulations belong to the category of practical writing. Once published, they have a strong binding force, and anyone should consciously abide by them and must not violate them, otherwise they will be punished to varying degrees. The role of practical writing in consolidating socialism lies in its indispensable role in maintaining the stability of social order. Third, the role of publicity and education. The release of administrative official documents is mostly to publicize the principles and policies of the party and the state, the typical experience of the unit and the advanced deeds of the individual, and play a role in publicizing and educating the masses. The publication of legal documents warns and regulates people's behavior. Play a role in publicizing the people, educating the people and cracking down on criminals. Especially under the condition of market economy, the propaganda and education function of practical writing has made new progress. Various enterprise groups use practical writing as a propaganda tool to publicize corporate culture, business philosophy and corporate image slogans, thus expanding the visibility and reputation of enterprises, winning the trust and support of society and improving economic benefits. Fourth, the role of communication and coordination In modern society, people participate in more and more activities, and their cooperation and exchanges are increasing. There are countless relationships between people, between regions and even between countries. It is an important prerequisite for the smooth development of the work to transmit information, strengthen communication and create harmonious interpersonal relationships. Practical writing is used to communicate, exchange information, contact feelings, negotiate, coordinate actions, support each other, etc. Advertising documents can spread information and serve the public. Contractual economic documents can coordinate the relationship between the two parties and protect their interests. V. Voucher function The voucher function of practical writing has different degrees of performance in different languages. As far as administrative official documents are concerned, the lower authorities should convey the principles and policies according to the official documents issued by the higher authorities, arrange the tasks and deploy the work, and the higher authorities should make decisions according to the information provided by the official documents of the lower authorities and the problems reflected. In order to guide the work of subordinates more scientifically and reasonably. Parallel organs and non-affiliated organs can understand and negotiate according to official documents. Therefore, official documents are the basis and standard of governance. They can restrain administrative behavior and make all aspects of management work in a normal and orderly manner. As far as credentials are concerned, their functions are more obvious, such as agreements and contracts, which stipulate the rights and obligations of both parties. If either party breaches the contract, it should bear the responsibility. In a word, practical writing is practical and has strong timeliness. After the matter is settled, its function disappears. However, some practical articles not only have practical functions, but also are real historical records, which are sorted and filed according to relevant regulations as documents for future generations' reference and serve as vouchers.
5. Classification of Practical Writing There are many types of practical writing, which can be divided into the following three categories:
Some people think that general practical writing should include the following: letters, notices, meeting minutes, reading notes, instructions and so on.
Official document practical writing refers to the official document practical writing published in the name of the party and state organs, social organizations, enterprises and institutions. Such as notices, circulars, replies, instructions, decisions, orders, instructions, official letters, etc. This kind of practical writing is often solemn and suitable for specific occasions.
Transactional practical writing is an applied style to deal with daily affairs, which generally includes invitations, investigation reports, rules and regulations and various evaluations. In order to arrange the style of this book in a unified way, and according to the characteristics of all kinds of daily practical writing, the daily practical writing is divided into the following categories.
(1) Social Etiquette
This is a kind of practical writing suitable for social occasions, which exists entirely to promote the development of bilateral relations and is also a manifestation of people's civilized communication. There are differences between people, old and young in an orderly way. Etiquette is to grasp the proportion in social interaction and properly grasp the relationship between the two sides. Etiquette practical writing is a daily practical writing formed on the basis of mutual equality and respect.
Etiquette daily practical writing mainly includes the following common styles: invitation, welcome speech, greeting speech, farewell speech, invitation letter, inscription, condolence letter, commendation letter, thank-you letter, congratulatory letter, congratulatory message, message, etc.
(2) Poster notification category
Poster-style daily practical writing refers to a widely publicized practical writing, which can be posted in public, played and published through the media. This kind of practical writing is widely used and can be seen in almost every street, factory and school.
Posters generally include some practical writing styles, such as essay, marriage, advertisement, searching for you, searching for you, recruitment advertisement, enrollment advertisement and posters.
(3) Bills and contracts
This is a common practical article sent by both parties to the transaction as a voucher or to explain some problems in transaction communication. This practical writing is short and pithy, and can be used at any time.
Generally speaking, the practical writing of note deeds can be divided into the following categories: IOUs, IOUs, receipts, leave notes, notes, entrustment sheets, reminders, gift sheets, message sheets, etc. With the popularization and use of all kinds of bills on the right track, the writing form of this practical writing will gradually decrease.
(4) Letters from home and love letters
In all kinds of interpersonal communication, interpersonal communication should be the most frequent way of communication. Since ancient times, no matter how friends greet and express their concern, or how lovers love and express their love, letters have been used in this form. Letters and love letters from great men and celebrities often give a lot of inspiration and help to others or future generations, so such letters have left us a rich cultural heritage, some of which can also be regarded as models of literary works. So we put the love letters at home into one category for readers.
This kind of letters mainly include the following types: letters to elders, letters to younger generations, letters to brothers and sisters, letters to relatives and friends, love letters for first love, love letters for courtship, love letters and so on.
(5) Special letters
Special letter is an application with letter format, and the object of mailing or the purpose of using it is a specific application. Generally speaking, this kind of letter can be divided into many kinds, such as consultation letter, introduction letter, confirmation letter, recommendation letter, application letter, employment letter, resume, explanation, victory letter, guarantee letter, proposal, repentance letter and so on.
(6) Application category
Practical writing should belong to a branch of special correspondence, but because of its special use, it has its own outstanding characteristics, that is, begging, so it is a special category here.
The daily practical writing of the application category can generally include applying for joining the League, applying for joining the Party, applying for housing, applying for hardship allowance, and applying for resignation.
(7) couplets
Couplets are a practical style with a strong cultural tradition, which people will use at weddings, funerals, banquets, birthdays and seasonal changes. It has strict writing requirements and is generally not suitable for ordinary people. But because it is indispensable in some necessary occasions, we also introduce couplets.
Common practical couplets include festival couplets, birthday couplets, wedding couplets, wedding couplets, elegiac couplets and scenic couplets.
(8) Obituary eulogy
This is a daily practical article about mourning the dead. Some of these styles are only suitable for special occasions, while others are widely used in folk. It is also necessary to know the basic format of his writing. Generally speaking, this kind of practical writing can include six kinds: obituary, condolence, memorial ceremony, funeral table, eulogy and inscription.
(9) English
With the deepening of reform and opening up and the strengthening of various international exchanges, commonly used English letters have also penetrated into our daily lives. Therefore, this book specially selects some of the most practical English daily practical articles for a brief introduction. Although there are some omissions, I hope it will help readers.
There are five kinds of English practical writing introduced here: cover letter, letter of introduction, application for admission, invitation letter and resume attached.
6. What articles does the practical writing include? There are many kinds of practical writing, which can be divided into different categories from different angles.
First, according to the nature of the things they deal with.
It can be divided into official practical writing and folk practical writing.
Official practical writing refers to practical writing written and used to deal with state and collective affairs, usually called official documents.
Personal practical writing refers to practical writing written and used to handle personal affairs, that is, personal daily application documents.
Second, according to the expression.
There are narratives, expositions and argumentations.
Narrative is an applied text with narrative as its main form of expression; Explanatory writing is a practical writing with explanation as the main expression; Argumentative writing is a practical writing with argumentation as its main expression. If you are satisfied, please click on the top right corner to adopt me, thank you!
7. What is practical writing? Practical writing is a style formed by human beings in long-term social practice. It is a tool for people to transmit information, handle affairs and exchange feelings. Some practical writing is also used as evidence and basis. With the development of society, people's communication in work and life is becoming more and more frequent, and things are becoming more and more complicated. Therefore, practical writing plays an increasingly important role. The so-called practical writing is an article written by people to deal with practical things in life, study and work, which has practical characteristics and forms a common format. There is no uniform and strict definition of the concept of "practical writing" in academic circles, and it is impossible to have such a definition. Different scholars and books often have different generalizations and generalizations. Learners can grasp its essential characteristics from the following aspects: 1. The purpose of writing is clear, so its writing motivation and purpose are very clear. 2. Language expression norms. Modern Chinese is the main language, and some archaic words are adopted appropriately. The language of the article is solemn, concise and rigorous. This is in sharp contrast with literary works. 3. Stable format and style. Most applied articles have formed a stable general format and style, which reflects their standardization and seriousness. Authors must abide by the requirements of format and style when drafting articles. 4. The time factor is clear. The matters targeted by an applied article generally exist in a certain period of time, so the time elements such as execution time, validity period and written date are very clear. To sum up, it can be defined as practical writing: practical writing is the general name of various styles with direct practical value, standardized format and concise language used by various enterprises, institutions, organizations and individuals in social activities such as work, study and daily life to deal with various public and private affairs, transmit and exchange information and solve practical problems.