In the Qi family, I often see your performances; Before urging the wine hall, I praised your art many times.
Never thought, in this Jiangnan scenic area; It is the season of falling flowers, and I can meet you, an old acquaintance.
This poem was written in the fifth year of Dali (770), the year when the poet died. People in the Yuan Dynasty called it "Tibetan chant". Qiu Zhu said: "This poem reflects on the past, the chaos of the world and the gathering and dispersion of human feelings are all in it." It can be seen that poetry is about the rise and fall of the country, but it is hidden between the lines, making poetry interesting. Du Fu was a great poet in Tang Dynasty. To express such an important theme is not straightforward, but seen from hidden events, that is to say, there is no place to talk about specific reality, but to see targeted significance outside the image, which can be described as spontaneous.
There is a sentence or two "common in Qi Wangfu, heard several times before Cui", which says that Du Fu often met in Qi Wangfu and heard him sing several times before Cui's court. Li Guinian was a famous singer in the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty. At that time, he went in and out of the house of princes and nobles and presented his singing skills, which was highly valued by his relatives. Du Fu lived in Luoyang when he was fourteen or fifteen. Due to the quotations from local predecessors, he was lucky enough to participate in the activities of Li See Ghost Year and heard his melodious singing in the hall of the main hall. Here, the poet recalled Li Guinian's life in those days, thus revealing the seemingly peaceful atmosphere in the Tang Dynasty. The King of Qi, namely Li Fan, is the son of Tang Ruizong and the younger brother of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty. Cui Jiu, namely Cui Di, was an official in charge of the palace and a favorite of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. These rulers indulged in debauchery and extravagance, which led to the decay of the Tang Dynasty, and finally led to the Anshi rebellion, pushing the people into a sea of blood full of flames. Although the poet concealed this matter, people can understand the root cause of the decline of the Tang Dynasty from the endless singing between the two giants, Cui Jiu, and thus imagine the scene of broken mountains and rivers and depressed people's livelihood.
Three or four sentences "It is the beautiful scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, and it is the season of falling flowers." It was when the scenery in the south of the Yangtze River was particularly good that Du Fu met Li Guinian again. Decades later, they met in Changsha, Hunan, and fell in love at first sight. They couldn't help it. The poet deliberately mentioned "the beautiful scenery in the south of the Yangtze River", not to praise the beautiful scenery in Hunan, nor to express the extraordinary pleasure of reuniting old friends, but to compare the historical changes of "different scenery, different rivers and mountains" (Zhouyi Ci in the Eastern Jin Dynasty). The word "Zheng" symbolizes the infinite sadness aroused by the poet in the face of the beautiful scenery of nature. The poem's special label "the season of falling flowers" reflects the poet's concern for the country, which means rich meaning and huge hidden capacity. Hidden became the core of the Ming Dynasty, and the natural scene of red everywhere and the disappearance of spring scenery indicates that the Tang Dynasty has lost the objective fact of social prosperity in its heyday. According to Tang Zheng Zhu Hai's Miscellaneous Notes on Ming Di, "Li Guinian, a musician, is especially blessed. He rose to his first house and later lived in Jiangnan. Every time I meet a beautiful day, I am often sung by others. When the guests heard it, they couldn't help crying. " Obviously, the poet also compared the "falling flower season" in late spring to the desolation of his later life, and so did Li Guinian's elegy. The footsteps of the poet and Li Guinian's youth have gone away, but now they have frosted their temples and drifted away. How can they not feel sad! In fact, it means that the poet met Li Guinian under the background of the decline of the national situation, Li Guinian under the special circumstances of his own affairs and uncertainty, and Li Guinian under the mental state of mourning the passage of time and old age. "Falling Flowers Season" praises social changes such as falling flowers and their life experiences. Their life experiences are formed with social changes, especially Li Guinian's personal joys and sorrows reflect the current turmoil. A word "you" highlights the different contrast between the past and the present. From the obscurity of the "falling flower season", we can know the obscure meanings of troubled times, aging and falling flowers, and the opportunity lies between image and imagination. The external image of "falling flower season" far exceeds the meaning of its own accommodation. On the surface, it is talking about the time of the late spring season, with directness, but in essence it is lamenting the injury to spring, with indirectness. The main purpose of poetry is not to give readers a direct image, but to show what this direct image shows, that is, indirect to direct, hidden to bright. The two depend on each other and restrict each other, so that the viewer can appreciate through imagination and realize the content far broader than the direct image. "Bai Yu Zhai Hua Ci" said: "Before the pen is written, the word of God is beyond words ... If it is invisible, it wants to be obvious, and it is repeatedly lingering, and it is not allowed to get to the point." Although "it is not allowed to hit the nail on the head", the direct image must provide the pointing conditions for readers to gallop their imagination, otherwise the hidden inner meaning will be difficult to understand. The indirectness of Falling Flowers is the concealment of art, and the directness is the clarity of its external image. When people understand poetry, they turn obscurity into clarity, that is, they find the indirect thought behind it from directness and unify it in imagination, thus realizing the beauty of "profound writing and subtle aftertaste".
The ingenious structure, comparison and thinking of the whole collection of poems are all in one furnace, short and pithy, with rich meanings, which shows the poet's extraordinary talent in machine interest and is rare!