The mountain is not high, but the fairy is not famous. The water is not deep, and the dragon is the spirit. I am humble, but I am kind and sincere. The moss on the stage is green, and the curtain grass is green. Talking and laughing, a scholar, and no Ding Bai. You can tune the pipa and read the Golden Classics. If there is no silk and bamboo, there is no confusion and no case. What's wrong with Zhuge Lu in Nanyang, the son of Xishu and the cloud in Kong Zi?
A humble house: a humble house. Inscription: ancient words carved on objects to warn themselves or state their achievements, called "inscriptions", later became a style. This style generally uses compound sentence, which is neat and catchy.
⑵ Lie down, verb.
(3) Noun (míng): Noun, noun and noun are used as verbs.
(4) líng: the devil; Psychic medium.
[5] Si is a humble room (lòu shì): This is a humble room. Demonstrative pronoun, this, this. Yes: affirmative judgment verb. Humble room: Humble room refers to the author's own room.
[6] I am virtuous (xρn): Only because of the inscription (humble inscription) (I don't feel humble). Only: only. Wu: I, this is the inscription. Xin: It means nobility to spread the fragrance far away. Shang Chen Shujun: "Millet is not fragrant, but virtue is fragrant." .
(7) The moss on the upper steps is green, and the grass color enters the curtain: the moss is green and grows to the upper steps; The grass is green and reflected in the curtains. On: grow to; Enter: reflect.
⑻ Hongru (hóng rú): A great scholar, here refers to a learned person. Hong: As big as Hong. Confucianism used to refer to scholars.
(9) Ding Bai: civilians. This refers to people with little knowledge.
⑽ Dior: Play an unpretentious piano. Tone: violin, here refers to playing (piano). Simple piano: A simple piano.
⑾ Jin Jing: There is still controversy in academic circles today. Some scholars think it refers to the Buddhist sutra (Diamond Sutra), while others think it is a beautifully bound classic (Four Books and Five Classics). However, the Chinese documents of Jiangsu Education Publishing House refer to Buddhist scriptures (Diamond Sutra), while the investigation in Anhui is the latter. Kim: Baby. Gold is precious, which means precious. All the classics of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism can be said to be golden classics.
⑿ Sishu: The general term for harp, flute and other musical instruments. Silk fingered stringed instruments, bamboo fingered wind instruments. This refers to the sound of playing music.
[13]: mood auxiliary words, not translated. Used between the subject and the predicate to cancel the independence of the sentence.
14. Ear disorder: both ears are disturbed. Confusion: The causative use of adjectives makes ... confused and disturbed.
⒂ case (dú): (official) document.
[14] Fatigue: To make the body tired (usage of the verb "make"). Old: the use of adjectives is ... tired. Form: form, body.
⒄ Nanyang: Place name, now Nanyang City, Henan Province. Before coming out of the mountain, Zhuge Liang lived in seclusion in Wollongong, Nanyang.
⒅ Zhuge Lu in Nanyang, Ziyun Pavilion in Xishu: Zhuge Liang Caotang in Nanyang and Yangzi Yunge in Xishu. These two sentences mean that Zhuge Lu and Ziyunge are both humble and admired because the people in the places where they live are famous. Zhuge Liang, also known as Kong Ming, was the prime minister of Shu and Han Dynasties, a famous politician and strategist, and lived in seclusion in Wollongong, Nanyang before his official career. Yang Xiong, Zi Ziyun, a writer in the Western Han Dynasty, was born in Chengdu, Shu County. Lu: A humble little house.
Confucius said that in classical Chinese, cloud generally refers to. From The Analects of Confucius Zi Han: "Where can a gentleman live, how can he be humble?" The author removed the gentleman's residence here, reflecting his modest character.
⒇, is there anything wrong with this? That is, "what's the matter" belongs to the prepositional object. Auxiliary words, strong rhetorical questions, signs of preposition objects, not translated. What's rough about it? Confucius said this sentence, which can be found in The Analects of Confucius Zi Han: "Where a gentleman lives, how do you know his inferiority?" ? Here, Confucius also poses as a "gentleman" and points out the full text. This sentence is also the finishing touch of the full text.
The mountain is not high, as long as there are immortals living there, they will be famous; The water is not deep, as long as there is a dragon dwelling, it will show the gods. This is a humble room, which is famous for my virtue. Moss climbed the steps and dyed green, and the grass was reflected in the bamboo curtain, making the room blue. All the people talking and laughing here are knowledgeable people, and there are no ignorant people coming and going. Usually you can play the elegant guqin and read Buddhist scriptures written in clay gold. There is no complicated music to disturb the hearing, and there is no paperwork to make the body and mind tired. Like Zhuge Liang Cottage in Nanyang, like Yang Ziyun Cottage in West Shu. Confucius said, "What's so simple about this?"
The word knowledge in classical Chinese is ambiguous;
(1) used between the subject and the predicate, cancel the independence of the sentence. Ex.: There is no complicated work.
② Structural auxiliary words, equivalent to "de". Example: Nineteen people died beyond the Great Wall —— Liu An's A blessing in disguise.
(3) Pronouns refer to the things mentioned above. Example: smell it and walk happily. -Tao Jin Yuanming's "Peach Blossom Garden"
(4) Auxiliary words, symbols of preposition objects, are not translated. Example: What's wrong with it?
(5) verbs, to, to. Example: I long for the South China Sea-[Qing] Peng Duanshu's "For Learning"
2. Contact person:
For example, I talked and laughed with great scholars, but I didn't have any contact with Ding Bai.
(2) people coming and going. Among them, the seeds are planted (Peach Blossom Garden)
Flexible use of nouns in parts of speech: Nouns are famous for their flexible use of verbs. For example, if the mountain is not high, there is a fairy, and then it is famous.
Spirit: Adjectives are used flexibly as verbs to show the aura. For example, if the water is not deep, the dragon is the spirit.
[13] Xin: nouns are used flexibly as verbs and have fragrance. Example: I am humble, but I am virtuous.
4. Disorder: The causative use of adjectives is disturbed. Example: Without a bamboo filament, my ears are confused.
Old: The causative usage of adjectives makes ... feel tired. Ex.: There is no complicated work.
Quotient: Positional nouns are used as verbs. They are lianas. Example: The moss marks on the upper steps are green.
Green: Adjectives turn green as verbs. Example: The moss marks on the upper steps are green.
Different meanings in ancient and modern times 1 The form of undocumented labor (ancient meaning: body; Meaning: appearance)
4. Only my virtue and sincerity (ancient meaning: noble character; Meaning: fragrance. )
[14] Those who laugh and have a university (ancient meaning: big and profound; Modern meaning: Hongyan, Xin. )
4. There is no confusing ear of silk and bamboo (ancient meaning: stringed instruments such as Qin, Xiao, Xiao, here refers to the sound of musical instruments; Modern meaning: silk and bamboo)
5. You can tune the pipa (ancient meaning: play; Modern significance: mediation)
Creative background Liu Yuxi participated in Wang's "Yongzhen Innovation" and opposed the separatist forces of eunuchs and buffer regions during his tenure as an imperial adviser. After the failure of innovation, he was demoted to Anhui and Zhou Xian as a small judge. According to the regulations, Tongguan will live in three three-bedroom rooms in the county government. However, he and Hezhou magistrate saw that Liu Yuxi was a soft persimmon demoted from above, so they deliberately made things difficult. First, he was arranged to live by the river in the south of the city. Liu Yuxi didn't complain, but was very happy. He also casually wrote two sentences and posted them on the door: "Face the river, look at the white sails, and fight for the ruling and opposition." The magistrate was very angry when he learned that Liu Yuxi's residence was moved from the south gate of the county seat to the north gate of the county seat, and the area was reduced from three to one and a half. The new house is by the Desheng River, with weeping willows nearby, and the environment is OK. Liu Yuxi still didn't care. Looking at the scenery, he wrote two sentences on the door: "The weeping willows are beside the Qinghe River, the people are in the sun, and the heart is in Beijing."
The magistrate of a county saw that he was still carefree and indifferent, and sent someone to transfer him to the county center, giving him only a hut with only one bed, one table and one chair. In half a year, the magistrate forced Liu Yuxi to move three times, and each time the area was relatively small. In the end, it's just a closet. Thinking about this snobbish dog officer really insulted others, so he angrily wrote this extraordinary "Humble Room Inscription" and asked someone to carve a stone tablet and stand in front of the door.
Overall Evaluation of Artistic Features of Works Appreciation Inscriptions are rhyming forms carved on stones in ancient times, which are often used to praise and warn themselves. Understand the meaning of the inscription and then understand the meaning of the question. Through the description of the living room, the author tries to describe the ugliness of the humble room. The center of "I am a humble room, but I am virtuous and fragrant" is actually to praise moral quality in the name of humble room and express moral conduct and the interest of the owner.
The humble room inscription began with mountains and rivers, and the water was not deep. As long as there is a dragon, you can be famous. Therefore, although you live in a humble place, you are "fragrant" because of your master's virtue. In other words, an inconspicuous room can of course be famous because of the existence of people with high moral quality, and its reputation will spread far and wide, and it will be engraved on a stone to remember. Ordinary landscapes give birth to dragons, and humble rooms can of course spread incense through people with high moral quality. This skill of using force is really wonderful, and it can also be described as the author's original creation. In particular, the fairy dragon is the crowning touch of the landscape, and the conception is wonderful. "I am a humble room, but I am virtuous and fragrant", from the landscape fairy dragon to the topic, the author directly turned to the topic, laying the foundation for the introduction. It also points out the reason why the humble room is not humble, which is the word "good faith"
From this point of view, the author wrote this essay after repeated thinking, which is definitely not a temporary inspiration. A quatrain can be enlightened, but it is seamlessly connected, but it is just the accumulation and repeated deliberation of the usual foundation. 4-7 sentences This article, carved on a stone under difficulties, has a strong tit-for-tat nature. Judging from the writing technique of the whole article, the whole article is done in one go by means of "comparison", not comparison. So what are the words "moss mark" and "smile" saying? The moss on the stone steps is (still) full of green, and the weeds on the wasteland are (still) green. What is the implication? I, Liu Yuxi, don't change my true colors anywhere. I associate with well-educated people, and there are no uneducated people. The author compares his independent personality to moss and weeds, which is a portrayal of integrity and an unyielding declaration.
If the sentence 1~3 in this paper is a kind of foreshadowing, then sentences 4~7 enter a real confrontation. The author showed his dignity in poetic language, and at the same time mercilessly lashed the snobs.
The author of Zhuge Lu in Nanyang and Ziyun Pavilion in West Shu compares Zhuge Liang's thatched cottage with the Xuanting Pavilion in Yangzi Cloud in West Shu, and draws out his humble room to set an example for himself. I hope he can have noble moral conduct like them, which reflects his thought of taking the ancient sages as his responsibility, and implies that the humble room is not humble. In fact, Liu Yuxi wrote another meaning, that is, Zhuge Liang was living in Wolong, waiting for the wise Lord of SHEN WOO to come out. What about Yang Xiong? But he is a scholar with fame and fortune and devoted himself to reading. Although he is a top official, his indifference to the ups and downs of official positions and money is a model for future generations. The author quotes the meaning of these two people. What he wants to express is: be prepared for danger in times of peace, be fearless in times of danger, stick to moral integrity, and share weal and woe. I don't want to go with the flow, but I want to show my ambition when I meet the wise Lord of SHEN WOO. If I don't have a wise Lord, I would like to be plain. This combination with the ups and downs of the author's officialdom is more in line with the actual situation.
The last sentence quoted "Confucius: What's wrong?" Quote the words of the ancients, wrap up the whole article, and explain that the humble room is "not ugly" Expressed his pursuit of the highest moral quality of feudal ethics at that time. Perhaps Liu Yuxi's highest requirement for his moral quality is to use the ethical norms affirmed by saints and demand himself. This conclusion, no matter what the content means, combined with the meaning of the question, is ingenious. Because feudal ethics takes Confucian moral standards as the highest moral standards, the affirmation of Confucius saints also gives the best conclusion for his moral quality theory. The thesis should have arguments, and quoting Confucius' sacred words as arguments is undoubtedly the best argument at that time, which is sufficient and irrefutable.
The content of hierarchical evaluation article includes three meanings.
The second layer ("green on the moss" to the form without paperwork) describes the living environment, that is, daily life. The author starts with the surrounding scenery, "The moss on the stage is green, and the grass on the curtain is green." "Describe the elegant environment, which is pleasing to the eye." Those who laugh and have a university have no contact with Ding Bai "is the elegant communication style of the host of the study. People who come and go are well-read, not ordinary people. These people can speak freely and indulge themselves. "You can tune the pipa and read the Golden Scripture. There is no fuss about silk and bamboo, and there is no overwork in the case. When you are free, you can play the piano and string in your room, read the classics, and cultivate your self. The above is the author's understanding of a morality from three aspects.
Loushiming calligraphy
A summary of a noble man's life. He concealed the author's quiet mind with the elegant color of "green on moss", and immediately pointed out the vibrant life state with the vitality of "grass color entering the curtain". Making friends and knowing friends are noble people, learning classics on the piano and living a leisurely and colorful life. Away from noisy music and depressing official duties, such a leisurely life is really enviable. This kind of life style, which is both like a hermit and a secular life, is envied by nobles and yearned for by ordinary people. Also let us see the author's noble and proud moral integrity and poor and happy taste.
The third floor: (Zhuge Lu in Nanyang, Ting Yun Pavilion in Xishuzi), by analogy, points out that this room can be compared with the rooms of ancient celebrities. The author compares the Humble Room with Zhuge Liang's Nanyang Caotang and Yang Xiong's former residence in Xishu, which shows that Zhuge Liang and Yang Xiong are his companions, and that the author takes these two as his role models, which shows that he has the same moral character and talent. Comparing the humble room with the living room of ancient saints not only shows that the humble room is not humble, but also further expresses the author's lofty interest and ambition. Judging from Zhuge Liang's seclusion in Wolong, Cao Lu and Yang Xiong's indifference to fame and fortune, and his concentrated study, does Liu Yuxi still have the ambition of not wanting to go with the flow, but wanting to show his ambition and meet the master, and being willing to be plain without the master? The fourth layer (the last sentence) summarizes the full text, indicating that the humble room is not humble. "What's the matter?" In a word, from The Analects of Confucius Zi Han, the original words are "Where a gentleman lives, why is it humble?" The author intercepts the last sentence as evidence and summarizes the full text, which implies the meaning of pretending to be a "gentleman" that is not printed on the text, further highlighting his lofty interests and ambitions. "What's the matter?" Respond to the above. The key to modesty lies in "the gentleman lives in it", that is, "I am only virtuous and fragrant" at the beginning of the inscription. This conclusion is quoted from the classics, which shows that the early warning strategy is powerful and the word "ugly" has completely turned over. Inscriptions generally rhyme, and they are often used in parallelism and antithesis. In this paper, the rhymes of the words name, spirit, fragrance, Qing, Ding, Jing, shape and pavilion are used in parallel prose to make the sentence pattern neat, the rhythm clear and the rhyme harmonious. But it is changeable, eclectic, cadence and prosaic to read. Except for the last sentence, the whole article is compound sentence, and the rhyme is the words name, spirit, fragrance, green, tripod, classics, shape and pavilion.
Appreciating this inscription, which is less than 100 words, shows the author's elegant taste and independent personality. It reveals a truth to people: although the living room is simple and short of material, as long as the owner of the living room is virtuous and full of life, the room will be full of fragrance, elegant and domineering everywhere, and he has a magical spiritual power beyond material.
Some people think that when Liu Yuxi wrote this article, he was in the late stage of relegation, and his mood was relatively stable, pursuing a peaceful and quiet life. At the same time, there are Buddhist scriptures in the text, so the inscription reveals a negative component of avoiding the world and relaxing. This should be analyzed from two aspects: when the society is in a dark period, the literati have two ways out. One is to go along with the decadent forces and indulge themselves. One is to take a step back, as Mencius said, "If you are poor, you will be immune to it" and maintain your integrity and independent personality. In contrast, the latter is more worthy of recognition, and Liu Yuxi chose this road. At the same time, people's life is complicated, with tension and relaxation. We can't sell ourselves short, but sometimes we have to rest and entertain. Therefore, we cannot simply criticize leisure. On the other hand, the inscription also reflects the author's grand ambition. His quotation of Zhugelu and Zi Ting Yun has its special meaning. Zhuge Liang is a politician and Yang Xiong is a writer. These are also the two great ideals of the author's life. In his early years, he was bold and innovative and ambitious. After relegation, he set foot in the literary world and finally became famous as a writer. So there is also a positive and enterprising spirit in the article.
In writing, this article is characterized by clever use of metaphor to express the theme implicitly. The first four sentences are both vivid and auspicious. It is said that mountains and rivers lead to humble rooms, immortals lead to virtue and fragrance, and famous spirits imply that humble rooms are not humble. Taking Zhuge Lu in Nanyang and Ting Yun Pavilion in Xishu as examples, this paper expresses the author's political and literary ideals, and finally quotes Confucius as the conclusion, implying the profound meaning of "a gentleman lives in his place". Secondly, parallelism and antithesis are widely used. Parallelism can create a majestic literary trend, such as the parallelism of the first few sentences, which makes the whole article smooth and establishes the pattern of parallelism style. The antithetical sentences are prone to ups and downs in content, such as the six antithetical sentences in the middle, which are both descriptive and narrative, concise and meaningful, and have a strong sense of rhythm. The article also uses rhetorical devices such as substitution and introduction.
In a word, this is a masterpiece with high ideological and artistic quality, so it can be read forever and be widely read.
Famous experts commented that Liu Yuxi's prose was concise, profound and unique. Through the description and praise of Humble Room, the article expresses the author's thoughts and feelings of peace, happiness, honesty and integrity, and shows the noble integrity of not being greedy for wealth and not colluding with the secular world. -Chen Yan's "Stone Papers"
Author brief introduction Liu Yuxi (772-842), whose real name is Meng De, was born in Luoyang (now Luoyang, Henan) in the Tang Dynasty, a writer and philosopher. He claimed to be a descendant of the King of Hanzhong and a member of the King's Reform School. A famous poet in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, he is known as the "great poet". His family is a scholarly family handed down from generation to generation by Confucianism.
Liu Yuxi advocated political innovation and was one of the core figures in the political innovation activities of Wang School. Liu Yuxi used to be an imperial adviser, but later Yongzhen failed to innovate and was demoted to Sima Langzhou (now Changde, Hunan). In his later years, he was a guest of the prince. Some poems reflect the author's progressive thoughts. His representative works include Wuyi Lane, Autumn Poems, Zhuzhi Ci (6), Langtaosha (1), Langtaosha (8), Yang Liuzhi (1), Old Times of Xipaotai Mountain, and The First Banquet in Yangzhou, etc.
Liu Yuxi and Bai Juyi are also called "Bai Liu". And Liu Zongyuan are also called "Liu Liu". Liu Pengcheng Mende was also a great poet. Its front is looming, and its bravery is even smaller. He also said that his poems should be protected by sacred objects, which is highly valued by celebrities. In Huichang, we will check the history of the Ministry of Justice. At the age of 72, he was awarded the book of ministers. Eighteen volumes of poetry, now twelve volumes.