The Battle of xifengkou in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression
The Battle of xifengkou was one of the major battles in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's early days. It happened from March of 1933 to March 24th of 12, in xifengkou, the Great Wall Pass at the junction of Hebei Province and Jehol Province in China. It was one of the major battles in the early days of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. On one side is the 29th Army of the National Revolutionary Army led by Song, and on the other side is the Japanese Kwantung Army. Finally, the Japanese army won, 17 occupied xifengkou, but retreated on 24th.
Historical Background 193 1 After the September 18th Incident, the Japanese invaders occupied the three northeastern provinces of China and suppressed the anti-Japanese volunteers in the three northeastern provinces, ready to invade Shanhaiguan at any time. 1On New Year's Day in 933, the Japanese army made trouble in Shanhaiguan and then occupied it by force. Shanhaiguan Defence War kicked off the Great Wall War of Resistance. On February 9th, Nobuyoshi Muto, commander of the Japanese Kwantung Army, and the Japanese invaders issued the military orders and arrangements for invading Jehol. ? Advance to the line near Jianchang in the south as soon as possible; We should seize the opportunity to ensure that the important passes of the Great Wall, such as Jielingkou, Lengkou and xifengkou, cover the flank of the main force. Then it mainly occupied Chengde and Gubeikou. ?
At this time, 29 army, the National Revolutionary Army stationed in Yangquan, Shanxi Province, was ordered to go to the front to resist Japan. On March 9th, 1933, he was ordered to take over the xifengkou defense of the Great Wall. Xifengkou is the Great Wall Pass in the border area between Hebei Province and Jehol Province in China, and it is the traffic throat between Beiping and Jehol. There are tiemenguan and dongjiakou in the east and Panjiakou and Tanyu in the west. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was not only an important barrier for the capital to defend the north, but also a gateway for customs to pay tribute to North Korea. On the way to the front, the commander of Song wrote? Would you rather be a ghost than a conquered people? Vows. By the time 29 army's advance team arrived in xifengkou, more than 500 Japanese cavalry had arrived at the foot of the Great Wall, and the warriors quickly blocked off, repelled the enemy and held their ground.
War process
The situation between the enemy and the enemy is peaceful, so enter the gunner camp first. Heyuan captured Ye, forced them into Lingyuan, and called Lingyuan to fall. On March 1933 and March 1 day, the Beiping Army Division entrusted our army corps with the task of ensuring that the enemy advancing towards Xingcheng in northern Hebei and west of Suizhong entered the mountains and conquered them one by one.
Our army ordered the forward detachment of the 37th Division (sent by the 2 17 Youth League Committee) to stay at Jianchang Camp, and sent a team to monitor the invading enemy of Xingsui. Zhang Zizhong Division of the 38th Division and Liu Ruming Division of the Temporary Second Division were ordered to assemble near Jixian and Zunhua, and the Temporary Second Division sent a regiment to Jielingkou. On March 4, 1933, our army advanced information, Sun Dequan's teachers and friends 1 19, Sun Jun's Ding Xichun Brigade 1 17, and retreated to Lengkou and Chengde. 106 The Shenke troops of the Division were dispersed when they turned to Lama Cave, and the enemy occupied Lingnan and Lingyuan.
At that time, the 109 brigade of Wang Changhai of Zhao Department was deployed outside the entrance of Hansheng. There are many routed troops, no neighbors around, and it's a mess. It is not easy to persist. Commander-in-Chief Song urgently ordered my cavalry and Wang Changhai to hurry back and build fortifications in Xingcheng Town and Santun Camp under the command of Lieutenant He Jifeng.
1March 6, 933, the situation of friendly forces was deteriorating and changing rapidly. After the enemy occupied Pingquan and Chengde, the main force pointed directly at Luanping and approached Gubeikou and Lengkou. (Note: Friendly forces refer to Yu Xuezhong Department of the First Army Corps and Shang Zhen Department of the Second Army Corps. On March 7th, 1933, our army was ordered to take over the defense of xifengkou. Other divisions assembled near Zunhua, and the actions of each division were as follows: the 37th Division took over the east-west line defense of xifengkou, and the Liu Ruming Department of the 2nd Division was temporarily ordered to assist Shangzhen troops to advance to the cold entrance; The 38th Division assembled Zunhua as a reserve. The cavalry, that is, returned to the divisions.
After the Battle of xifengkou, the battle went through three stages: the first stage: on March 9th, two Japanese brigades, Hattori and Suzuki, jointly invaded xifengkou, and our 29 army 109 brigade, Wang Changhai, rushed to xifengkou to defend the enemy, and the Japanese army retreated on June 14. In the first stage, the fighting was extremely fierce. On the 29th, we made full use of the advantages of broadsword, launched hand-to-hand combat with the enemy, and attacked the enemy camp at night. The Japanese army's general attack of increasing troops several times was also successfully suppressed by our army, which shattered the enemy's plan to occupy the Great Wall for two days.
The second stage: from March 16, the Japanese army turned to attack Tangu, and retreated to Pingquan on March 24. The fighting mainly took place in Tam Valley and Hawthorn Valley. The enemy intends to outflank xifengkou from the left and make a strategic breakthrough. The Liu Ruming Department of the 29th Army is on the defensive here. After three days of fierce fighting, the enemy's attempt was basically crushed.
The third stage: starting from April 7 13. The Japanese army changed its strategy and opened the gap to Luandong. Attack xifengkou again on the 7th, and the attack was repelled by Song Department two days ago. 1 1, xifengkou was caught between Scylla and Charybdis and was helpless. 13, what orders did Song Department give up xifengkou? On March 9, the Japanese army occupied xifengkou, and Song Wenbao sent Wang Changhai's regiment to help. From Zunhua to xifengkou, they walked 100 miles. They only ran for half a day, and it was already dark when they got to the front. The officers and men of the regiment immediately went into battle. At the same time, our army suffered heavy casualties On March 1933, 10, in the face of the general attack of the Japanese main force, Zhao Ling, the commander of the 29th Army, ambushed the troops in the secluded place of the peaks and mountains, and when the enemy soldiers were dozens of meters away from the trench, they rushed out and met the enemy's white blade.
March 1 1, organize the second night attack. This time, * * * dispatched four regiments, each soldier with a shiny broadsword. At three o'clock in the morning, the battle started. Zhao and Tong Zeguang took the lead and gave full play to the power of broadsword in close combat. Nearly a thousand enemies woke up from their sleep, and many people bumped into the blades of 29 army soldiers. * * * hacked to death and injured more than a thousand enemies, and seized tanks 1 1 vehicle, 6 armored vehicles, 36 cannons 18 doors, 36 machine guns, an airplane, flags, maps and cameras. Awarded by the Japanese army. After the attack, the enemy camp was full of dead bodies, and many people were awakened in the middle of the night? The broadsword team is coming, run! ? . Since then, many Japanese soldiers have worn homemade iron grommets around their necks when they sleep at night to avoid being beheaded.
Since? September 18? Since the Japanese army invaded the three northeastern provinces, this is the most tenacious resistance that Japan has suffered. China's army broke the myth that the Japanese army was invincible and saved the humiliation suffered by China's army in the Jehol War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. From then on, 29 army became famous inside and outside the Great Wall as an anti-Japanese hero. According to people who fled from enemy-occupied areas, our China army is not afraid of guns, and new weapons are useless. .
Behind the image of such a heroic broadsword team is a fierce battle. The braver the hero is, the harder the battle he experiences. Although the strategic emphases of the three stages of the xifengkou campaign were different, the battles again and again were almost equally tragic.
At the beginning of the war, the Japanese army had occupied the Great Wall Highland in Northeast China, and all positions were threatened. 29 army wants to recapture the Great Wall position as soon as possible. This is a glorious battle. In any case, we must strive for the position, not seeking merit, but seeking nothing. . The enemy is determined to win. Artillery bombardment, fierce fighting all night-several hand-to-hand combat, the enemy suffered heavy casualties, but eventually failed ... Professional troops of all walks of life also increased their desperate resistance. At present, the morale of our officers and men is very high ..... Despite the bullets and bloody pieces, they still show indomitable spirit? . In this battle, battalion commander Wang Baoliang and eight platoon leaders were killed, brigade commander Zhao et al. 15 officers and men were injured, and more than 400 soldiers were killed or injured. By March 1933 and 14, the frontal battlefield situation had been reversed. After several days of bloody fighting, the enemy suffered heavy casualties, and the soldiers were discouraged and defeated. . The frontier highlands were completely occupied by our Wang Zhi Brigade. Geng Dexing, a staff officer of 29 army, testified that after the midnight battle (xifengkou Battle) started, the Japanese invaders rushed to fight, and the enemy blocked the road through the hole in the wall with crooked machine guns. Many people were killed or injured in the attack. ..... I am a soldier of Company 9 of 2 17 regiment, nicknamed "Russian" (I forgot my real name), and I am from Gansu. I climbed close to the enemy and came out with his machine gun. The hole in the wall is very small and the gun body is very thick, so it can't get out at all. But in front of the dead comrades, anger was awe-inspiring, national humiliation and people's hatred were combined, and we pulled out the wall with all our strength, fired at the enemy regardless of the fact that our hands were burned to pieces by the barrel, cleared the way forward, and ensured the brilliant victory of our army's adowa. ? The reporter of Ta Kung Pao saw on the front line that although (our army) suffered from the enemy's strong firepower, it did not retreat a bit. ? Our army threw grenades at the distant enemy, and the nearby one was cut with a big knife, killing the sky and blood everywhere. ?
In the second stage of the campaign, the two sides entered a stalemate. White-bladed, bloody battle all day? It often happens, with heavy casualties on both sides. 1933 March 17,? The enemy stormed our Hawthorn Valley position with the main force? Our head Li was injured in this battle, and other officers and men were also seriously injured? . 1933 March 19,? Seeing the enemy line wavering, the ministries were urged to attack on all fronts, fighting bloody battles all night. Our officers and men, regardless of their own lives, drew their swords and rushed into the enemy lines, killing them? I was wounded by two battalion commanders, He Yin, and the rest of the officers and men suffered heavy casualties? . Wang Zhibang, one of the generals in 29 army, dictated: In the tug-of-war, hand-to-hand combat was extremely fierce, and the position was covered with deep red blood. ? When the enemy concentrated artillery fire on our position, shells rained down on the hilltop position, and hundreds of mushroom clouds rose to the sky for a long time. ? The battle was extremely bitter. The enemy's artillery fire was very fierce. Soon, most of our trenches were blown flat and hundreds of soldiers were killed. Some soldiers were buried alive in the trenches. ? After the Battle of Tangu, the enemy attacked the west of xifengkou several times and failed. Japanese soldiers have been beaten by me all the time, and they are quite scared? . But at the same time, the crazy Japanese army began to take crazy revenge on the people of China. According to the cry of squire Guangping, when the Japanese army came, they searched from house to house, and all the food and furniture were looted and destroyed. To make matters worse, all women, old and young, were raped and killed more than 80 residents. ? According to the publication of Blood of the Great Wall at that time, the total casualties of officers and men in the first two stages of fighting were as high as four or five thousand? . Even if this figure is exaggerated, there are thousands of casualties.
At the end of the battle in early April, the Japanese army changed its strategy and opened the gap to Luandong. The Japanese army attacked Shang Zhen's 23rd Army from the right privates of the Great Wall defense line, and then attacked xifengkou on the 7th. Two days ago, the attack was repelled by the Song Department, but the defenders in xifengkou were caught between Scylla and Charybdis, and the whole line was in a state of retreat. 1933 April 1 1,? At 9 o'clock in the morning, the enemy covered his infantry with mountain guns and heavy machine guns, stormed the Motianling, charged many times and fought bloody battles until 4 o'clock in the afternoon. Suddenly, one of them copied to our left wing? . China's defenders are isolated. 13,? The enemy still bombed our position with artillery and planes, and our position was completely destroyed? . The 29th Army was isolated and had to comply with the requirements of the military department? Give up xifengkou, cold mouth? 1April 3, 933, who was it? Retreat in tears? .
Xifengkou, a bloody Japanese invaders, is located at the junction of Qianxi County and Kuancheng County in Hebei Province. It is a pass in the eastern part of Yanshan Mountains, which was called Lulongsai in ancient times. [1] The Great Wall of xifengkou is mainly based on military considerations. The entrance is divided into two parts: Guancheng and Castle. The castle is located in a basin surrounded by mountains. It is made of stone on all sides and is very strong. The city wall is more than two feet high, and the closed gate is built with Zhenyuan Building 13 meters high. Guancheng is located in the north of the castle, surrounded by mountains on three sides and facing the river on one side. It consists of three groups of cities, and the customs are connected by solid stone walls. The six contact points of the city wall are all equipped with hollow watchtowers, and the Xicheng wall is connected with the main body of the Great Wall. A gift from xifengkou? Concave? Glyph. Surrounded by mountains and winding rivers, two peaks stand opposite each other and open in a valley. The desolate Great Wall rises and falls on the ridge and lingers at the bottom of the valley. The terrain is very dangerous. Every 1000 meters, a beacon tower stands, which is an important pass of the Great Wall. The scouts of 29 army, the National Revolutionary Army, once described it like this: On both sides of xifengkou, the peaks stand tall, so it is necessary to be natural. The Great Wall twists and turns according to the situation, and North China relies on it as a barrier, which is a battleground for military strategists. ? [2] 29 army's predecessor was the Northwest Army founded by Feng Yuxiang. During the Great Wall Anti-Japanese War, 29 army was poorly equipped. The whole army only has more than 10 wild guns and mountain guns, but there are only more than 100 heavy machine guns, and each company has only two light machine guns. Most rifles are made in Hanyang and copied in Shanxi. Although the weapons are backward, the soldiers in the army all have the spirit of martial arts. Soldiers have signature weapons? Qinglong broadsword! Everyone has mastered a set of skillful traditional China knife techniques. Qinglong broadsword, shining with cold light and chopping iron like mud, played an important role in the night attack of the Japanese army in the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression of the Great Wall.
On March 9th, 1933, Japanese Suzuki and Hattori Brigade captured xifengkou. On the same day, the 2 109 brigade of 29 army 37th Division, which had just taken over the defense, launched a counterattack under the leadership of Colonel Wang Changhai, annihilated more than 0/00 Japanese troops and recaptured xifengkou. Facing the fierce fire counterattack of the Japanese army, China officers and men can only rely on the Great Wall to fight tenaciously with their only inferior equipment. From March 10 to March 1 1, the broadsword team fought with the Japanese army in xifengkou. The soldiers shouted: broadsword, broadsword, snow dancing and wind floating. Kill the enemy's head and make me a hero! ? When the sword fell, Japanese devils were everywhere, and they tasted the power of broadsword for the first time. In the fierce battle, xifengkou changed hands many times, and many soldiers in 29 army died heroically, with heavy casualties. When xifengkou was occupied by the Japanese again, Zhao, the brigade commander of 109, and He Jifeng, the deputy brigade commander, carefully analyzed the situation of both sides. They think that when the enemy is strong and we are weak, we can only outsmart them, but not storm them. We should surprise the Japanese army. He Jifeng encouraged the officers and men to say: How difficult the country is, how difficult the nation is. We are soldiers raised by the people, so we should die for our country! Those who die in battle are honored, and those who drag out an ignoble existence are humiliated! ? So, they organized 500 elite soldiers of the broadsword team to attack the Japanese army from the left and right wings. The left-wing broadsword team went out of Panjiakou to Lanqidi and Caiziyu to attack the Japanese infantry and cavalry camps north of Zhangzi and xifengkou. The right-wing broadsword team left tiemenguan and attacked the Japanese artillery positions through Paoling, Chuangwangtai to Baitaizi and Ciyu. Soldiers with broadswords climbed over the city walls and touched the enemy camps in each village. The arrogant Japanese aggressors never dreamed that 29 army would sneak attack, and they all fell asleep. With the national hatred of revenge for the country, the soldiers of the broadsword team swung their broadswords straight, while the Japanese officers and men were dreaming dreams and became ghosts under the sword in a daze. There was a soldier named Chen Yong, who was only 19 years old. He hacked to death by himself 13 Japanese. In particular, Zhao, the brigade commander of the 109 brigade, was injured, but he still stuck to the line of fire. He personally led the broadsword team to attack the Japanese artillery positions, with more than 60 Japanese soldiers at hand and captured cannons 18.
Xifengkou owes its victory in the Anti-Japanese War to China? September 18? For the first time since the incident, the whole country was jubilant, and a condolence group from all walks of life came to the army.
The news of xifengkou's victory in the Anti-Japanese War spread to Shanghai, when he served as? Shanghai Singing World Wartime Service Corps? One of the leading figures, composer Laura Mai (19 14? 1947), full of blood and emotion, with a volcanic creative passion, wrote an impassioned "Sword March" overnight: the sword was cut on the head of the devil. Brothers of the 29th Army, the day of the Anti-Japanese War is coming, the day of the Anti-Japanese War is coming! There are volunteers from the northeast in front and people from all over the country behind. Our first 29 army is not alone. Keep an eye on the enemy and destroy it! Destroy it! Let's go The sword is cut on the devil's head, kill it! ? Its subtitle is:? Dedicated to 29 army broadsword? . The original intention of the broadsword March is to inspire? 29 army's brother? Insist on the Anti-Japanese War, and later resounded throughout the country with its majestic melody, 29 army's brothers? Has it been changed? Armed brothers all over the country? . "March of the Sword" depicts the heroic image of China soldiers bravely fighting against the devils with broadswords. It is like an anti-Japanese order, which formed the most typical tone of the times in the early days of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression.
In the Battle of xifengkou, 29 army and his broadsword team fought bloody battles against the Japanese aggressors, killing 5,000 people, becoming famous in World War I, and xifengkou's defense line stood firm after many fierce battles. At that time, Japan's Asahi Shimbun also had to admit that since the founding of the Meiji Emperor, the reputation of the imperial army has been completely lost outside xifengkou, and it has been humiliated for 60 years. ? The battle of xifengkou dealt a heavy blow to the arrogant Japanese invaders, and encouraged and strengthened the people's anti-Japanese determination. From then on, 29 army broadsword team became famous all over the world and became the hero idol of the Chinese nation to resist foreign aggression in the early days of the Anti-Japanese War.
Historical significance
In the history of the Anti-Japanese War written in blood and tears, the memory of 1933 Great Wall's Anti-Japanese War cannot be erased. In the Battle of the Great Wall, the victory of the Battle of xifengkou cheered the people of the whole country; China soldiers brandished broadswords here, creating a miracle of anti-Japanese war. The broadsword team of the 29th Route Army was moved and proud by the Chinese nation. In the Lugouqiao incident, 29 army once again demonstrated the courage of the people of China to Japanese imperialism with the power of a broadsword. After half a century, the image of a warrior with a broadsword has solidified into the impression of a hero in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. The broadsword has also become a symbol of national unity and fearless struggle. From the anti-Japanese scene of broadsword team reported by national newspapers at that time, to the records and memories of General 29 army, and then to the production and singing of broadsword March, the image of broadsword was elevated and became the representative sculpture of China Revolutionary Military Museum, showing people's memories of that period of history. The expression of history and people's memory of historical choice make the broadsword that 29 army broadsword team once waved gradually become a symbol of resistance to aggression and courage. Here, we call the spirit of broadsword team broadsword spirit.
Sword spirit? The broadsword is cut on the devil's head! ? This magnificent and impassioned "Sword March" is the most impressive anti-Japanese song. This song was composed by Laura Mai, a famous composer at that time, specially for 29 army broadsword team. It not only accompanied War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression for eight years, but also laid a unique style of anti-Japanese songs, which embodies suffering and strength. Both The Yellow River Cantata and March of the Volunteers are quite similar to March of the Sword. What about this? God? It has penetrated into the bone marrow of the Chinese nation. (A) the birth of the broadsword March
During the Great Wall Anti-Japanese War, 29 army broadsword team broke the Japanese spirit of killing the enemy in China, China. The newspaper published such a poem:? Big knife, big knife, snow dancing and wind floating. Kill the enemy's head and make me a hero! ? As a war correspondent, Laura Mai, who was only 23 years old at that time, witnessed with his own eyes the bravery and tragic fighting of the soldiers, and the broadsword March was brewed in this atmosphere. 1937, on the second day of the lugouqiao incident, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China sent a telegram to the whole country, advocating the unity of the whole nation against Japan. On the same day, 29 army 2 19 organized a 150-person death squad. Everyone has a big knife and a pistol and rushes into the enemy line? Knife light shines in the enemy group, and eight years of arduous War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression begins with knife light. Once again, the reputation of 29 army broadsword team spread all over the world, which gave China people the determination to resist Japan and the confidence to win. The news of Lugouqiao's victory in the Anti-Japanese War reached Shanghai, and the composer Mai Xin wrote this passionate "March of Bright Sword" overnight with patriotic enthusiasm like volcanic eruption. The call sign and roar of "Bold March" gushed out, shaping the heroic image of China soldiers who fought against the devils in a bold way. It is like an anti-Japanese order, which formed the most typical tone of the times in the early days of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. This piece of music resounded throughout the country, and was elected as the excellent China Anti-Japanese War music by the progressive cultural circles at that time. It is as famous as March of the Volunteers of Tian Han and Nie Er, and has been translated into many languages and introduced abroad.
The original lyrics of broadsword March [3] are:? The sword was cut on the devil's head. Brothers of 29 army, the day of the Anti-Japanese War is coming, the day of the Anti-Japanese War is coming. There are volunteers from the northeast in front and people from all over the country behind. Our first 29 army is not alone. Look at the enemy, destroy it, destroy it! Let's go The sword was cut on the devil's head. Kill! ? Later, according to the singing effect and actual needs, put? 29 army's brothers? Change to? Armed brothers all over the country? , release? We're not a member of 29 army? Change to? Our China army marched forward bravely? . This song has a freestyle structure. At the beginning, it was originally a beat, but in the enthusiastic singing of the masses, it naturally became syncopation. Laura Mai immediately said: Or the masses sing well, and this rhythm can better show their incomparable hatred for the enemy? . The power of volcanic eruption is unstoppable like a broadsword. The development and changes in the second half of the song are very distinctive in rhythm. For example:? Destroy it, destroy it. Let's go ? It's like a hand-to-hand combat on the battlefield, shouting at the enemy with a broadsword. Very strong, very strong! After the last sentence:? Kill! ? The abrupt end fully demonstrated the incomparable anger and hatred of China's soldiers and civilians towards the Japanese invaders, and aroused the determination of the broad masses of the people to carry out the war to the end!
(2) The broadsword spirit is infinite. As soon as the broadsword March was born, it was warmly welcomed by hundreds of millions of people all over the country. Students in Shanghai sang this song and went to the streets to raise money to make broadswords for the soldiers in front. After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression in China, Wang Pinglu, a producer of * * * in xifengkou, and his comrades-in-arms, resolutely carried out the instructions of the CPC Central Committee and Chairman Mao on carrying out anti-Japanese guerrilla warfare behind enemy lines, waved the broadsword used by the soldiers of the 29th Army, and pointed to the checkpoint along the Qinghe River under the jurisdiction of the Japanese puppet stronghold in xifengkou, which started the great anti-Japanese riots in eastern Hebei. 1On March 23rd, 938, the sound of the Japanese attack shook Taierzhuang, and the whole space of Taierzhuang town was filled with gunfire and shouts of murder. In this mixed voice, the most inspiring is the song of the officers and men singing "March of the Sword". 1in the summer of 938, 5,000 sons and daughters of xifengkou rose up, joined the flood of anti-Japanese riots, opened a new chapter in the anti-Japanese struggle, established anti-Japanese base areas, and relied on this to expand guerrilla zones outside the mouth and put the Japanese puppet troops into the sea of Wang Yang in the people's war. 1943, in occupied Shanghai, a group of unarmed pupils faced the Japanese gendarmerie and sang? Knife to the devil's head, national armed brothers! ? Chen Ye, a famous female writer, recalled: When I was in Yan 'an, I often liked to sing "Sword March", which was very enjoyable, especially "The Day of the Anti-Japanese War is Coming". At that time, the people of the whole country strongly demanded the war of resistance, how urgent it was. ?
March of the Sword appeared when the people of China needed it most. This song embodies the spirit of unity and hard work of the broadsword team and the people of China. From the heroic killing of the broadsword team to the birth and singing of the broadsword March, the battle of xifengkou broadsword changed from a specific historical event to a symbol of the strength of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the Chinese nation.