1. Appreciation and selection of simple ancient poems
Liangzhou song
William Wang [Tang Dynasty]
Wine luminous glass, want to drink pipa, hurry up immediately.
Don't laugh when you are drunk on the battlefield. How many people fought in ancient times?
William Wang's "Liangzhou Ci" is an eternal swan song, which has touched countless passionate men, and many people regard this poem as their own life direction.
In the Tang dynasty, "no one drinks, no one drinks good wine", the opening sentence points out that this is a party atmosphere of passionate drinking, which sets the emotional tone for the whole poem.
There are two interpretations of the sentence "I want to drink pipa right away". One is that when everyone is ready to drink, the band will also play the pipa, adding a cheerful atmosphere. It aims to present a scene of joyful feast. There is also a saying that blowing the horn at this time is to highlight the heavy, sad and sentimental atmosphere.
"Don't laugh when you are drunk on the battlefield. How many people fought in ancient times? " Drunk on the battlefield, my friend, don't make fun of me. How many people who have been to the battlefield since ancient times can return home safely? Shi Buhua, a poet in Qing Dynasty, said these two poems: "Sad words are easy to read, joking words are wonderful to read, and scholars are easy to understand." ("My Servant Tells Poems")
"Don't laugh when you are drunk on the battlefield. How many people fought in ancient times? " Life is inevitably frustrated, but never lose the natural and unrestrained in your bones. Just like the movie "A Beautiful Life", even in the most difficult and desperate days, even if you are in danger and death is close at hand, you can use courage and wisdom to illuminate the person you want to illuminate and become yourself you want to be.
2. Appreciation and selection of simple ancient poems
Children fishing
Dynasty: Tang Dynasty | Author: Hu Lingneng
A child with unkempt hair and immature face is learning to fish by the river. He is sitting sideways in the grass, and his shadow is set off by weeds.
Hearing the voice of passers-by, the child waved, afraid to disturb the fish and dare not respond to passers-by.
Introduction to ancient poetry
Children Fishing is a seven-character quatrain written by Hu Lingneng, a poet in the Tang Dynasty. This poem describes a child who is addicted to fishing by the water. By describing typical details, the poet vividly reproduces the children's earnest and innocent childlike innocence and interest. The first two sentences of narration and description are written from appearances and are real words; The last two poems focus on expression. The whole poem depicts the vivid image of the fisherman from both form and spirit. The words are fluent, fresh and lively, and a few words draw a picture full of childlike interest, which is quite interesting in life.
Translation/translation
A child with unkempt hair and immature face learned to fish by the river, sitting sideways in the grass, and the weeds covered his figure.
Passers-by wanted to ask the way, and the child waved to passers-by, afraid to disturb the fish and dare not respond to passers-by.
Appreciation/appreciation
Fishing for Children is a poem about children's life. This poem describes a "unkempt young boy" learning to fish, "sitting on one side, raspberries and moss reflecting his body". Passers-by waved to the child and wanted to ask him some questions, but the child was "too scared to surprise others" (he didn't say a word for fear of scaring the fish). It's really vivid, vivid, both in form and spirit, and full of fun. His artistic achievements are no less than Du Mu's poem Qingming.
This poem is divided into two layers: fishing and asking for directions. The first and second sentences focus on fishing (form), and the third and fourth sentences focus on asking for directions (emoticon).
The first sentence and the second sentence, children, children also. "Pengtou" describes its appearance and highlights the innocence of children. "Nylon" is a fishing line, and "hanging nylon" means "fishing" in the title, which means fishing. The poet did not whitewash the fisherman's appearance, but wrote the true face of Shan Ye's unkempt hair, which made people feel natural, lovely and authentic. "Learning" is the eye of this poem. The child is a beginner in fishing, so he is very careful. The posture of "sitting on the side" when fishing reflects the physical and behavioral scenes, such as in front of you. "Sitting sideways" means sitting down at will. Sitting on the edge, rather than sitting firmly, is in line with the mentality of children learning this way for the first time. It is also conceivable that children are absorbed in fishing in an informal way. "Berry moss" generally refers to low-level plants that grow in wet places near the ground. From Berry Moss, we can not only know that the place where children choose to fish is a place where the sun is scarce and inaccessible, but also an ideal fishing place where fish are not frightened and people are not exposed to the sun, which paves the way for the following sentence "People should not be frightened by fish". "Grass mirror" is not only a portrait of a child, but also directly related to the next sentence "passers-by ask questions"-passers-by ask questions to children just because they are visible.
The subject of the last two sentences of "remote waving" is still a child. When passers-by asked, the children did not dare to answer the fish, waving at a distance and not answering. This is a description of children from two aspects: action and psychology, with calculation, strategy, alertness and intelligence. The reason why children use actions instead of answers is that they are afraid of scaring the fish away. The child's action is "waving from a distance", which shows that the child is not indifferent to the questions of passers-by. How children whisper to passers-by after "waving" is the imagination of readers, and there is no need for poets to explain. So after explaining the reason of "waving from afar", this poem came to an abrupt end.
In Tang poetry, there are few themes about children, so they are valuable. This poem about children's fishing has a special interest. There is no gorgeous color and deliberate carving in the poem, just like a beautiful hibiscus, which reveals a little innocence, infinite childlike interest and a little concentration in the plain and simple narrative. This poem can be said to be a masterpiece about children.
3. Appreciation and selection of simple ancient poems
Drinking in the lake is clear after the rain.
Dynasty: Song Dynasty | Author: Su Shi
The water is bright and sunny, and the mountains are cloudy and rainy.
If there are more dead beauties in the West Lake, C+ is so appropriate.
Introduction to ancient poetry
"Rain after Drinking Chuqing Lake" is a seven-character quatrain praising the beauty of the West Lake written by the poet when he was a judge in Hangzhou. This poem does not describe a scene or a moment of the West Lake, but describes the beauty of the West Lake in an all-round way.
Translation/translation
On a sunny day, the West Lake is rippling with blue waves. Under the sunshine, it is radiant and beautiful. When it rains, the distant mountains are shrouded in misty rain, and their eyes are confused. The hazy scenery is also beautiful. If the beautiful West Lake is compared to a beauty, she will always be beautiful whether it is light makeup or heavy makeup.
Appreciation/appreciation
The first half of the poem describes not only the scenery of the West Lake, but also the sunny and rainy state of the West Lake. "Clear water is good" describes the clear water of the West Lake: in the bright sunshine, the West Lake is rippling and sparkling, which is very beautiful. "The Mountain is Strange when it Rains" describes the mountains on rainy days: under the cover of rain, the mountains around the West Lake are charming, as if nothing had happened, very wonderful. From the title, we can know that the poet spent a whole day in the West Lake. It was sunny in the morning, then cloudy, and it began to rain after dusk. In the eyes of poets who are good at appreciating nature and have deep feelings for the West Lake, whether it is water, mountains, sunny or rainy, it is beautiful and wonderful. From the praise of "Beautiful Eyes" and "Strange Rain", we can imagine the lakes and mountains in different weather, as well as the happy encounter when poetry is painted, its free and easy personality and open mind. The scenery written in the first half is a scene corresponding to communication, with broad and bold feelings, blending scenes and relative scenes between sentences. The beautiful scenery of the West Lake is written, and the poet Su Shi's feelings are expressed incisively and vividly.
In the second half of the poem, the poet did not closely follow the first two sentences, and further described the sunny and rainy days of lakes and mountains with a pen. Instead, he took appearance as the god and only used an ethereal metaphor to convey the charm of lakes and mountains. Between the carrier and the noumenon, except for the West Lake, which literally has the same word "West", the poet only pays attention to the present beauty of the West Lake, and the charm of Fengshen is similar to the beauty imagined by the stone. It is precisely because the West Lake and Xizi are beautiful, so for the West Lake, whether it is sunny or rainy, or for Xizi, no matter whether it is light makeup or heavy makeup, it can not change its beauty, but only increase its beauty. There are two diametrically opposite explanations for this metaphor: one is that the poet "takes the West Lake on a sunny day as a light makeup, and the West Lake on a rainy day as a heavy makeup"; One said that the poet was "more sunny than heavy makeup and more rainy than light makeup." Both theories have their own opinions and evidence. But for talented poets, this is a clever metaphor, and an occasional poem is just a temporary heart and scenery. From the beautiful scenery of the West Lake to the incarnation of beauty, from the "sunny side" and "strange rain" of the West Lake, it is always appropriate to imagine calligraphy. When it comes to metaphor and writing, I'm afraid it may not be rigid. When appreciating this poem, if we must let the heavy makeup return to sunny rain, it may damage the integrity of metaphor and the ethereal beauty of the poem.
Here, the poet expressed a temporary talent, but this metaphor, as Chen Yan said in Song Poetry, "became an evaluation of the West Lake". Since then, people often take "Xizi Lake" as another name for the West Lake. Su Shi himself is very proud of this metaphor, which has been used many times in his poems. Later generations appreciate this metaphor more deeply and often mention it in poems. Wang Wengong, in the compilation and annotation of Su Wenzhong's Gong Shi, called this poem a "masterpiece" that was unprecedented and never came again. One of its characteristics is its versatility. It is not a scene or a temporary scene of the West Lake, but a comprehensive portrayal and evaluation of the West Lake, with artistic life beyond time. The spread of this poem adds luster to the scenery of the West Lake.
In addition, the artistic success of this poem lies in the use of a large number of rhetorical devices.
Intertextuality, such as "the water is bright and sunny, and the mountains are rainy." The first half of the sentence omits the "rain monster" and the second half omits the "sunny side". Whether it is sunny or rainy, the scenery of the West Lake is beautiful. It can't be understood as: the water in the West Lake is just sunny, and the mountains in the West Lake are just beautiful rain.
Duality, such as "the water is bright and sunny, and the mountains are rainy." Yes, they have similar meanings and complement each other. Because "beautiful water" is independent of "empty mountain", "clear sky" and "strange rain", it forms an idyllic scenery map, creates a mysterious artistic conception and expresses the author's yearning for the West Lake.
Metaphor. In poetry, "West Lake" is compared to "learning Chinese characters", that is, stone. Su Shi compared the natural beauty of the West Lake to the natural beauty with his wonderful observation. It is a very appropriate metaphor to form a vivid and sensible image of the West Lake and create a more realistic artistic conception through clever metaphor. The West Lake is also called Xizi Lake, and the name comes from the metaphor in this poem. The West Lake is also icing on the cake, and its reputation is getting bigger and bigger.
4. Appreciation and selection of simple ancient poems
Sitting alone in Jingting Mountain
Poet of Tang Dynasty: Li Bai
The birds flew without a trace, leaving the lonely clouds free and unfettered.
You look at me, I look at you, and there are only my eyes and Jingting Mountain's eyes.
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The first two lines of this poem, "Birds fly high, and lonely clouds go to leisure alone", seem to describe the scene in front of us, but in fact they are all sad: several birds fly high in the sky until they disappear; There is still a white cloud in the vast sky, but I don't want to stay and drift away slowly, as if everything in the world is rejecting poets. The words "exhausted" and "doing nothing" lead readers to a realm of "peace": it seems that after eliminating the noise of a mountain bird, it feels particularly peaceful; After the rolling thick clouds disappear, I feel particularly quiet and calm, which means disappearing and slowly disappearing into the sky. Leisure is mainly to express leisure, and it is to use the leisure of lonely clouds to set off the leisure of the author's mood. There is an artistic contrast between these two words and "independence". Mainly for the writer to sit alone at the moment and feel carefree, which is in line with Li Bai's own immortal thought.
The images of these two sentences are juxtaposed in the form of "the stars arch the moon". The central word "bird" in the previous sentence is the central image, and the word "fly" is added to form a compound image, which strengthens the dynamic expression meaning. Birds can remind readers of the quiet and peaceful scene in the mountains. Birds are singing euphemistically in the empty mountains, which makes them interesting. At present, birds fly high and get farther and farther away from people. The word "Gao" has played a role in expanding space. Looking up, in the empty blue sky, birds are flying away until they are out of sight. The word "gold" enhances the expressive force of this sentence and shows Li Bai's melancholy at this time. The last sentence "cloud" is the central word, which is compounded with "go", and the silent cloud is drifting away. And clouds are not all over the sky, just "solitary clouds" without companions, just drifting away leisurely and slowly. The poet used "leisure" to write the state of the solitary cloud, highlighting the process of leaving, so that readers can feel the poet's inner pain and helplessness when they taste the state of the solitary cloud leaving.
So these two sentences are written as "dynamic" to see "static", and "static" is defined by "dynamic". This "quietness" reflects the loneliness and loneliness of the poet's mind. This vivid writing can give readers association, and imply that the poet has been visiting Jingting Mountain for a long time, outlining his image of "sitting alone" and paving the way for the next couplet "never tired of looking at each other".
Three or four sentences, "Never tire of seeing it, only Jingting Mountain", personify Jingting Mountain in a romantic way. Although the bird flew away, the poet didn't go back, and he didn't want to go back. He stared at the quiet and beautiful Jingting Mountain for a long time and felt that Jingting Mountain seemed to be looking at himself affectionately. There is no need to say anything between them, and they have reached emotional communication. "Never tire of looking at each other" expresses the deep feelings between the poet and Jingting Mountain. "Xiang" and "Liang" are synonymous, which closely connects the poet with Jingting Mountain and shows strong feelings. At the same time, Looking at each other also points out that at this moment, only the lonely scene of "mountain" and "me" is as important as the word "two", and the interdependence between mountains and people arises spontaneously. The word "only" in the conclusion is also tempered, which highlights the poet's love for Jingting Mountain. "It's enough to have a bosom friend in life", and the bird flying away is nothing to the poet. The artistic conception created by these two poems is still "quiet". On the surface, it is written that the poet looks at Jingting Mountain with deep affection. In fact, the more poets write about the "sentimentality" of mountains, the more they show people's "ruthlessness"; And his lonely and desolate situation is revealed in this quiet scene.
The moving images of "birds" and "lonely clouds" are opposite to the static images of "Jingting Mountain". There is only quantitative change in the dimensions of time and space, but qualitative change in the psychological dimension: literati with ideals and talents who are suppressed by politics are often particularly sensitive to "passing away" and "dissipation", with short personnel and eternal universe. The poet introduced the eternal mountain as his confidant, probably because he had no choice but to do it after Chang 'an was invisible. Even if Chang 'an attracts him, he doesn't know whether he will follow the "birds flying high".
In the poet's pen, Jingting Mountain has no beautiful mountains, no beautiful streams and no beautiful bridges. It is not that there is nothing to write about Jingting Mountain, because Jingting Mountain "faces Wanxi in the east and the city in the south, sailing in the vast market with picturesque scenery". From the perspective of poetry, it is impossible to know the position of the poet relative to the mountain, perhaps at the top of the mountain or in the open area, but these are not important. The purpose of writing this poem is not to praise the scenery, but to express feelings through the scenery and the quiet scenery here. The poet found solace in the anthropomorphic Jingting Mountain and seemed to feel less lonely. However, it is here that the poet's inner loneliness is more prominent. The deep loneliness in the world and the tragic atmosphere of the poet's life are full of the whole poem. The whole poem seems to be full of scenery, but it has no emotion. But because the scenery is composed of emotion, every sentence is emotion, just like Wang Fuzhi said, "There is a scene in love, and there is love in the scene."
5. Appreciation and selection of simple ancient poems
Qingming Festival
Du Mu [Tang Dynasty]
A drizzling rain falls like tears on the Mourning Day; The mourner's heart is going to break on his way.
Ask local people where to buy wine? The shepherd boy just laughed and didn't answer Xingshan Village.
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It was Tomb-Sweeping Day that day. When it rained, the poet Du Mu was walking on the road. Qingming Festival, although it is a season with colorful flowers and bright spring, is also a period when the climate is prone to change, and it often catches up with "noisy weather". As early as the Liang Dynasty, it was recorded that during the Cold Food Festival in Tomb-Sweeping Day two days ago, "strong winds and continuous rain" often occurred. If it rains on Qingming Day, there is also a special name called "pouring rain on fire". It was such a day that the poet met.
The poet used the word "one after another" to describe the "pouring rain" that day, which was really great. "One after another", if described by snow, should be heavy snow. But writing about rain is just the opposite. It is not the heavy rain that makes people feel "one after another", but the rain in Mao Mao. This kind of Mao Mao rain is the characteristic of spring rain. There is a lot of rain in Mao Mao, which is the kind of rain that is "like crisp rain in the sky". It is different from the torrential rain in summer, and it is by no means the same as the intermittent autumn rain. This song "After the Rain" just captures the spirit of Tomb-Sweeping Day's "pouring fire on the rain" and conveys the beautiful realm of "being a cold bully, having a bright future and another village".
This song "one after another" naturally describes the artistic conception of spring rain; But it's more than that. It also has a special function, that is, it actually describes the mood of travelers in the rain.
Look at the following sentence: "pedestrians on the road want to break their souls." A "pedestrian" is a person who goes out for a trip, not a spring outing. So what is "broken soul"? In poetry, "soul" mainly refers to spiritual and emotional things. "Soul-breaking" refers to trying to describe the feelings hidden in the heart, which are very strong, but not clearly expressed outside, such as love, disappointment, dark sorrow and deep hatred for acacia. When poets have such emotions, they often like to use the word "broken soul" to express their feelings.
Tomb-Sweeping Day in the ancient sense is not exactly the same as our concept of it today. At that time, Tomb-Sweeping Day was a big festival with rich colors and emotional appeal. It should have been family reunion, sightseeing or grave-sweeping, which is the main etiquette and custom. In addition to the princes and grandchildren who love flowers and wine, some thoughtful poets, especially those with rich feelings, have quite complicated feelings. If you catch up with the lonely road again and feel sad, it will be easier to stir his heart. It happened that we caught up with one rain after another in Mao Mao, and the shirts in spring were all wet, adding another layer of sadness to pedestrians. In this way, we can understand why the poet wrote the word "broken soul" at this juncture; Otherwise, if it rains a little, it will be worth "breaking the soul". Isn't that reasonable?
In this way, we can return to the word "one after another". People who used to travel on holidays already have a lot on their minds. In addition, they are scattered in the wind and rain, walking in the rain, making their mood more miserable. So they all describe spring rain, but they can also describe emotions; It can even be said that the description of spring rain is to describe emotions. This is a stunt and a landscape in China's classical poetry.
The first two sentences explain the situation and the problem has also occurred. What shall we do? We need to find a solution. Pedestrians can't help thinking at this moment: where can I find a small hotel? The matter is clear: find a small hotel, rest your feet and take shelter from the rain; Second, drink three cups to relieve the cold in spring and warm clothes wet by rain; Most importantly, it can also dispel my sadness. So, ask someone for directions.
Who did you ask for directions? The poet didn't tell us in the third sentence, but the wonderful thing is in the fourth sentence: "The shepherd boy points to Xinghua Village". Grammatically speaking, "shepherd boy" is the subject of this sentence, but it is also the object of the previous sentence "I'm sorry"-it complements both sides of the previous question and answer. Did the shepherd boy answer? We don't know, but taking "action" as an answer is more vivid and powerful than an answer.
"Yao" literally means far. However, we who read poetry must not stick to the literal meaning everywhere and think that Xinghua Village must be far away from here. This finger made us like it. If it is really far away, it is difficult to have an artistic connection. If it is really in front of you, you will lose endless interest: beauty is not far away. "Xinghua Village" is not necessarily the real village name, nor does it necessarily refer to restaurants. It is enough to point to this beautiful village in the depths of apricot blossoms. It goes without saying that there is a small hotel waiting to receive guests walking in the rain.
The poem only wrote "pointing to Xinghua Village" and stopped abruptly, without a word. The rest, how happy pedestrians are when they hear the news, how they walk forward, how excited they are to find the restaurant, how happy they are to get the satisfaction and satisfaction of shelter from the rain and sadness ... These poets "don't care". He left all this behind and left it to the readers to imagine and let them seek understanding. He just introduces the realm of a poem to readers, but he is not responsible for guiding the panorama; On the other hand, he opened a wider imagination space for readers than this poem shows. This is the inexhaustible nature of art.
This is the enjoyment of poets and our readers, this is art, and this is where China's classical poems are particularly good at. The ancients once said that a good poem can be "like a scene that is difficult to write, such as in front of us;" Endless meaning lies in words. "Take this poem" Qingming Festival "for example. In a sense, it is well-deserved.
This little poem, without any difficult words and allusions, is written in very popular language and has no trace of management. The syllables are very harmonious and complete, the scene is very fresh and vivid, and the realm is beautiful and interesting. Poetry is also natural in style and written in order. The first sentence explains the scene, environment and atmosphere, which is "on"; The second sentence is "Cheng", which describes the characters and shows their sad and confused mentality. The third sentence is "turn", but it also puts forward how to get rid of this mentality; This directly forced out the fourth sentence and became the highlight of the whole article-"he". In art, this is a technique from low to high, rising gradually, with the climax at the end. The so-called climax peak, however, is not unobstructed and boring, but has endless charm and is intriguing. These are the highlights of the poet, and they are also worth learning and inheriting!