First Lesson
Learning Objectives
1. Grasp the overall structure of the text and fully understand the text content.
2. Appreciate the characteristics of argumentation and sharp and humorous language
Learning methods
1. Appreciate key sentences. Appreciate the sharp and humorous language of essays;
2. Understand the profound meaning of the full text, and be able to talk about the inspiration you have received;
3. Connect with reality, broaden your thinking space, and be able to comment objectively Some cultural phenomena emerging in today's society.
Knowledge link
1. Get closer to the author
Resume: Lu Xun (1881?1936), courtesy name Hencai, formerly known as Zhou Shuren, was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang. In 1898, he left his hometown and was admitted to the Jiangnan Naval Academy in Nanjing; later he transferred to the Mining Road School attached to the Jiangnan Naval Academy. After graduating in early 1902, he was selected to study in Japan. He first studied medicine, and later, in order to change the national spirit, he gave up medicine and studied literature. When the Left-Left Alliance was established in March 1930, he was recommended as a member of the Standing Committee and became the leader of the left-wing cultural movement under the leadership of the Communist Party of China.
Achievements: novel collection "Scream", "Wandering", "New Stories", essay collection "Morning Flowers Picked at Dusk", essay collection "Grave", "Two Hearts Collection", "Nanqianbei Diao Collection" , "Qiejieting Essays", prose poetry collection "Weeds".
Evaluation: A great modern Chinese writer, thinker, and revolutionary.
2. Exploring the background
This article was written on June 4, 1934, and was first published in the supplement "Dong Xiang" of "China Daily" on June 7, signed by Huo Chong, and later Compiled by the author into "Qiejieting Essays".
This article was written in an era of deep disaster for the Chinese nation. After the Japanese imperialists occupied the three northeastern provinces of our country, they attempted to further occupy North China. The Chinese nation faced a serious crisis. However, the reactionary Kuomintang government stubbornly pursued the treasonous and counter-revolutionary policy of "Anti-foreign forces must first pacify the internal affairs." It sold the country's territory to the outside world and carried out counter-revolutionary military operations at home. ?Encirclement and Suppression? and Cultural ?Encirclement and Suppression?. Some bourgeois comprador literati, willing to be "foreign slaves", strongly advocate "total Westernization" and completely deny our country's cultural traditions in order to fight against revolutionary culture. Some comrades in the revolutionary camp have various erroneous thoughts and ideas on how to treat cultural heritage. In order to expose and attack the enemy and clarify understanding, Mr. Lu Xun wrote this article "Abuse Doctrine", which clarified the principles and methods of Marxism's critical inheritance of cultural heritage and put forward the idea of ??implementing "adopt doctrine".
3. The origin of the word "Jieting"
For a period of time, Mr. Lu Xun lived in the imperialist cross-border road construction area in Zhabei, Shanghai. This area was known as the "semi-concession". Mr. Lu Xun had very strong national self-esteem and hated imperialism very much, so he took half of the word "concession" and made it into a "concession" to express his indignation. "Qie Jie Pavilion" indicates that these essays were written in a pavilion in the semi-concession of Shanghai, vividly satirizing the dark semi-colonial and semi-feudal reality under the rule of the Kuomintang.
Learning process
1. Read the text by yourself and master basic knowledge (level A)
1. Pinyin:
Self-proclaimed ( ) Leftovers ( ) Cold food ( ) Such as ( ) Giving ( ) Reciprocity ( )
Brain ( ) Coward ( ) Lame advance ( ) Dregs ( ) Doze ( ) High-sounding ( )
Stingy ( ) National quintessence ( ) Toilet ( ) Wandering ( ) Kowtowing ( ) Making a fuss ( )
Wasted natural resources ( ) Building on a lofty position ( )
2. Correct other words
< p> ules [ ] [ ] Reciprocity in etiquette ( ) [ ] laughing and scolding [ ] [ ] [ ] acupuncture and derogatory treatment ( ) [ ][[ ] 唳灣睢( )zushangyinggong( )
2. Text exploration (browse 1 to 7 paragraphs)
1. What is the main discussion in the first half of the text? What is the relationship?
2. In paragraphs 1 to 4 of the text, from what aspects does the author criticize "send-ism"?
3. Before criticizing "send-ism" , why talk about secludedism first? Let’s talk about the relationship between the two based on the background.
4. The author made a bitter satire on "Send-offism". He read the text, found these sentences, combined them with the context, connected them with the historical background, and tried to figure out their emotional color.
5. Before proposing the "use doctrine", the author also mentioned "throwing", "throwing" and "sending". Try to understand the meaning of these concepts based on the context.
6. What does the author of this article advocate the content of "use doctrine"? So we must use our brains, broaden our horizons, and get it ourselves? What role does this sentence play in the article, and how to understand it?
p>
Consolidation exercises
1. Basic knowledge
1. The following group with dotted characters and phonetic notation is completely correct ( )
A. Self-proclaimed (xǔ) penetrating (p?) stingy (s?) Yin Hong (yīn)
B. kowtow (kē) blazing (zh?) lame (bi?) coward (c?n)
C. National quintessence (cu?) Lengzhi (zh?) Cover (b?) Xuanxu (xu?n)
D. Brain (suǐ) Crown (gu?n) For example ( p?) Give (jǐ)
2. Among the following sets of words, the one with no typos is ( )
A. Antiques linger and etiquette goes hand in hand< /p>
B. Be modern and carry forward the country’s glory and magnanimity and abide by the rules
C. Defeat the loss of power and humiliate the country and kowtow to celebrate the occasion
D. It is no exception to be excited and angry to comfort
3. The correct use of idioms in the following sentences is ( )
A. The couple understand and support each other at work and take care of each other in life. They are truly a loving, harmonious and reciprocal couple. Yes.
B. Teacher Zhang teaches well and often makes secrets in class to inspire students, which has achieved the effect of explaining things in simple terms.
C. In the most difficult times, this mother always eats the scraps left by her children.
D. If we do not step up efforts to control it, the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, a welfare project, may become a sewage network running from north to south, and become a shoddy project that makes people laugh.
2. Solid foundation
1. There are four main ways to use quotation marks: A. Quotation; B. Emphasis; C. Irony or negation; D. Specific title. Please fill in the following sentences one by one according to which category they belong to
① There are also several masters holding several ancient paintings and new paintings, hanging them all the way in various European countries, called "carrying forward the national glory".
②I heard that Dr. Mei Lanfang will be sent to the Soviet Union in the near future to promote "symbolism", and then he will go to Europe to preach.
③This kind of reward should not be misunderstood as something thrown to you. It is thrown to you.
2. The most correct understanding of the word "hold" in several ancient and new paintings held by several "masters" is ( )
A. The careful look shows the masters’ cherishment of traditional Chinese painting.
B. The solemn and pious demeanor shows the pride of the masters in Chinese painting.
C. The fearful and frightened look shows the masters’ obsequious servility.
D. The solemn and respectful demeanor shows the good cultivation of the masters.
3. Right? I have to kowtow to congratulate you and ask for some leftovers as a reward? The correct understanding is ().
A. Imagery discussion does not belong to the category of metaphor.
B. Using metaphors to describe the misery and pity of slaves who have subjugated their country does not constitute a metaphorical argument.
C. Use metaphors to illustrate the misery and pitifulness of becoming a slave to a subjugated country.
D. It has both figurative discussion and metaphorical elements, and is a metaphorical argument
4. The main method of theoretical argument used in the third paragraph is ( )
A. Metaphorical argument B. Analogical argument C. Comparative argument D. Causal argument
5. The function of paragraph 5 in the context is to connect, and the reason is ().
A. The previous article exposed and criticized the essence and consequences of "throwing"ism, and the next paragraph exposed the specific practice of "throwing"ism.
B. The previous article exposed and criticized the essence and consequences of "sending away doctrine", and the latter paragraph once again exposed the dangers of "sending away doctrine" and revealed the necessity of "bringing doctrine".
C. The previous article exposed and criticized the essence and consequences of the "sending doctrine", and the latter article proposed the "bringing doctrine".
D. The previous article analyzed the difference between "throwing" and "throwing", and the following article advocates "use-ism".
6. The main argument methods used in the five paragraphs 3-7 are.
A. Comparative argument B. Analogical argument C. Causal argument D. Example argument
Extended reading
1. About essays
Essays are a literary genre that generally uses argumentative expression methods. It is short, lively, sharp, meaningful, extensive in content, and diverse in form. Any miscellaneous thoughts, talks, essays, essays, short comments, and notes about social life, event dynamics, daily work, and study can be classified as essays.
2. What characteristics of Lu Xun's essays does "Bringingism" reflect?
"Bringingism" is an essay that best reflects Lu Xun's characteristics. Mr. Lu Xun's essays have a very high status in the history of modern Chinese literature. As Mr. Qu Qiubai said in the "Preface to the Selected Works of Lu Xun's Miscellaneous Essays": they reflect the history of China's ideological struggle since the May Fourth Movement. ?It can be called an encyclopedia of Chinese society in the 1920s and 1930s. Essays account for a large proportion in Lu Xun's works. There are roughly seventeen collections, namely: "Grave", "Refeng", "Huagai Collection", "Huagai Collection Sequel", "Just Collection" and "Sanxian" "Collection", "Er-Heart Collection", "Collection of Nanqiangbei Diao", "Pseudo Free Letter", "Quan Feng Yue Tan", "Lace Literature", "Qiejieting Essays", "Second Collection of Qiejieting Essays", "The Final Collection of Qiejieting Essays" and "Outside Collections" "Collections", "Collections from Collections", "Supplements from Collections from Collections" and "Supplements from Collections from Collections". These works made essays break away from the subordinate status of prose in the past and become an independent style of writing. Lu Xun's essays have extremely obvious stylistic characteristics, that is, sharp, cold, and humorous, and he pays great attention to the use of imagery and satire.
It is sharp and can kill the enemy with one blow. The expression is concise and not muddled. He is cold and stern, overpowering his enemies with extreme contempt, writing straight and clear about love and hate. His humor is to embarrass the enemy with laughter and curses, which is full of wit and wit. Its image emphasizes typical examples, details, references to legends, and metaphors. Its satire uses irony, whimsy, comparison, clever metaphors, and exaggeration. It should be said that these characteristics are reflected to varying degrees in "Usageism".
Second Lesson
Learning Objectives
1. Grasp the overall structure of the text and fully understand the text content.
2. Appreciate the characteristics of argumentation and sharp and humorous language
Learning process
1. Text exploration (browse 8 to 10 paragraphs)
1. In order to elaborate on the idea of ??appropriationism, the author uses "big house" as a metaphor for cultural heritage, and points out three possible attitudes toward this "big house", namely, "coward" style, "faint" style, and "waste". ?Mode. Try to understand the meaning of these words based on the context.
2. In paragraph 9, the author puts forward the approach of "use-ism", that is, absorbing the essence and eliminating the dross. Still using the metaphorical argument method, which images contain the author's subtle observations and speculations? Please indicate what each of these metaphors represents?
3. Read paragraph 10 and complete the following four questions.
① Figure out the relationship between use, storage, destruction and the above.
② What are the qualities that should be possessed by those who have borrowed?
③ Fill in the blanks: Without something borrowed, people cannot become new people by themselves. Without something borrowed, literature and art cannot become themselves. Become a new literature and art?. That is, the purpose of bringing it is to ____________ (limit to two words).
④Please summarize the meaning of the paragraph in one sentence.
2. Sorting out the context
Using ________
Storing ________
Destroying ________
3. Open Platform
At that time, Mr. Lu Xun held a firm attitude towards "bringing in" foreign cultural heritage. As the times have developed to this day, the "outside" world is very exciting: there are high and new technologies that make people's hearts beat. The dazzling cultural life and the colorful material world. Should we bring these? What should we bring? (Guide: Give examples and analyze them.)
IV. Artistic exploration
Criticism of inheriting cultural heritage ? is a big question. Mr. Lu Xun explained it clearly and thoroughly in a short text. Why? (Instructions: Summarize the characteristics of writing.)
Consolidation exercises
1. Carefully read "Expand" "Reading" knowledge, use the causal analysis method to analyze the following arguments closely with the arguments.
If you think about it from another angle, you will have another gain (argument).
I believe that everyone is no stranger to "Cowboy King" Levi's, and has heard a little bit about his history of prosperity: he first wanted to prospect for gold in the West, and in the process he met all the other people. Same difficulty as a gold digger. Faced with the obstacle of a large river blocking the way for gold prospectors to go west, he thought of making money by ferrying gold prospectors; faced with the plight of water shortage in the west, he thought of selling water to gold prospectors to make money; Faced with the reality that they were easily torn, he thought of using broken tents to make pants and sell them to gold diggers to make money. Later, he also invented the world's first pair of jeans and made his first pot of gold. (Argument)
(Analysis)
2. With the title "Learning and then not knowing enough", use the analogy method to write the beginning of a composition.
3. Use metaphorical arguments to supplement the following text argument.
Learning can enrich our knowledge, broaden our horizons, make us aware of our own shortcomings, and learn more humbly.
Expand reading on several argumentation methods
①Argument by analogy
The analogy method is to compare two identical or similar things together to conclude Methods of argumentation for related conclusions.
By analogy, general formula A, because B has C; D, because B has C; E, because B has C; ┅┅Now, G has B, G will also have C.
An example of analogy: Confidence is meaningful only when it is connected with one's own actions. We will never be short-term and wait-and-see with confidence. There is a Chinese proverb: "Three monks have no water to drink", which expresses a blindly dependent attitude towards life. It reminds us of a person who is also worried about the country and wants to contribute his own strength to it; but when he sees others waiting, he becomes discouraged. He said to himself: What should I do? This is not something that one person can accomplish; but I am different from them, I am prepared. ?So he walked to a scale. One end of the scale was the cause he was going to join and fight for, and the other end of the scale was waiting. He shook his head helplessly and placed his chips on the waiting plate. But he didn't expect that the "clang" sound of the chips being dropped would also cause a shock of disappointment in a person's heart. Such a vicious cycle can only keep one end hanging in the air forever. ?
?Three monks have no water to drink? is a summary of a social phenomenon. This social phenomenon is a perfect analogy to describe those who have faith but do not want to put it into practice. They also want to do things, but they just don't want to actually do it. What's the difference between this and the monks who want to rely on others. Using analogies will allow people to see the problem more thoroughly and draw more conclusive conclusions.
Remind that the sub-point can be at the beginning or end of the section. Pay attention to the correspondence between the beginning and the end of the section. When comparing, highlight core similarities.
②Causal argument
The causal argument method is an argument method that infers conclusions from arguments with causal relationships, or infers causes from results.
The general formula of causal argument method is A?B?C?D┅┅?G.
Examples of causal argumentation methods: For example: The reason why argumentation has a strong appeal to many people is because: first, the purpose of argumentation is to explore the truth. Therefore, anyone who cares about the rights and wrongs of things must Pay attention to the role of debate; secondly, debate is the peak of eloquence. It requires the speaker to adapt to changing situations, be quick in thinking, and answer fluently. This is a contest of people's wisdom; therefore, we can say that debate is a human Comprehensive competition of various talents. Why does debate have a strong appeal to many people? The three functions of debate are listed above. These functions all appear as antecedents. Since there are so many antecedents, what is the result? Debate has a great impact on It has a strong appeal to many people, and there is no doubt about the right to use it.
Remind us that causal arguments are not simply one or two causal sentences. From cause to effect, the argument lies in the effect; from effect to cause, the argument lies in the cause.
③Metaphoric argument
Metaphorical argument is an argumentation method that uses metaphors to demonstrate truth. The method of using metaphors to prove one's point of view is correct is called metaphorical argument. Metaphorical argumentation can make it clear to people that are unfamiliar, abstract, difficult to understand, especially the more profound truths, thus giving people the feeling of being concrete and explaining things in a simple way.
Metaphorical proof of general views? Establishing metaphors; Analyzing and elucidating in metaphors; Drawing universal conclusions to confirm the views.
Examples of the metaphor method: For example, there is an excellent college entrance examination essay "Opportunity" which reads: "Some successes often seem to be achieved overnight, with certain "opportunities", but in fact they are not achieved overnight. . It is like a seed, buried deeply in the soil, constantly absorbing nutrients and water, surviving severe cold and drought, and increasingly becoming equipped with the conditions to break out of the soil. At this time, "opportunity" is like a timely spring rain, making the seed germinate and bloom smoothly. I think that's the relationship between success and opportunity. ?
Remind to use sub-points as the finishing touch.
Answers to the first lesson of the tutorial
Text exploration:
1. The first half of the text mainly criticizes "send away" the doctrine, and proposes "bring back" for the positive Doctrine? To pave the way.
2. Point out its origin: secludedism; performance: sending antiques, paintings, and Dr. Mei Lanfang; essence: favoring foreigners; harm: asking for leftovers (economic decline), letting things go? Give? (Loss of sovereignty).
3. "Closeism" refers to the Qing government's seclusion and conservativeness. "Send away doctrine" refers to the Kuomintang reactionaries' pursuit of glory and deception. They are all foreign policies. Although the forms are different, the essence is the same. They are not conducive to the creation and development of national culture. As a result, the Chinese people will inevitably fall into the tragic situation of being invaded and enslaved.
4. ① There are several "masters" holding several ancient paintings and new paintings, hanging them all the way in various European countries, which is called carrying forward the national glory. The two vivid descriptions of "holding" and "hanging" are full of ridicule. "Carry forward the country's glory" is an irony, but it actually means "send it away", that is, seek glory from outsiders.
② It can also be regarded as showing some progress. "Irony" is actually "retrograde". ③One shows abundance, the other shows generosity. ?Rich? means having many things; ?generous? means being generous and not caring about anything. The reactionary government is not actually rich, nor is it capable of being generous. Irony is used here.
5. Throw away? Throw away or give away useless things, usually with bad motives. On the surface, it seems that international exchanges are still maintained. Throwing to? is the reward after kowtow to ask for reward. It is given with purpose and must be accepted. "Send" means "throwing a crown" to someone, that is, the invader "sends" something according to his or her wishes.
6. ① Use your brain, broaden your horizons, and get it yourself! ② Occupy and choose. This sentence plays a transitional and transfer role in the full text. It is a summary of the previous part, pointing out that "closed-doorism" and "send-away doctrine" will not work, so you must "take it yourself"; it is also the following. Part of the introduction tells readers that the article will turn into a discussion of "useism". This sentence forms an independent paragraph in the article, organically connecting the two parts before and after. It can be seen that the author's rigorous thinking and superb art of structuring the article can be seen. "Using the brain" means thinking, "taking a broad view" means identifying, and "taking it for yourself" means "taking it selectively", which is the correct approach to "take it as it is".
Consolidation exercises: 1. CDB 2, C 3, B 4, B 5, B 6, C
Answers to the second lesson of the tutorial plan
Text Research:
1. A coward refers to a person who dare not contact or choose someone. ?Hundan refers to a person who is blindly xenophobic and completely negative. ?Trash refers to people who worship foreign things and accept them all. From the whole article, it is obvious that the author used a ridiculing style, which is humorous and critical, to ridicule the ridiculousness of "closed-mindedness" and "send-offism".
2. Shark’s fin? It is a metaphor for the essence of cultural heritage. Opium? It is a metaphor for the intertwining of the best and the dross in cultural heritage, and it is necessary to criticize and absorb the parts. Smoking gun, smoke lamp? It is a metaphor for the part of cultural heritage that has no value at all, but can be properly preserved to educate future generations. Auntie? A metaphor for the dross in cultural heritage.
3. ①Use? (Shark's fin) to eat, (opium) for treatment; store? (opium) to the pharmacy, (smoking set) to send some to the museum; destroy? (smoking set) is fine Destroy; (aunt) asked them to go their separate ways. ②? Calm, courageous, discerning and unselfish?. ③Innovation; ④?Using doctrine?It is of great significance to the innovation of new national culture.
Consolidation exercises:
1. Reference answer: Why is it an obstacle or difficulty in the eyes of others, but it is a business opportunity to get rich in the eyes of Levi's? That's why. He did not blame others or give up when faced with difficulties like other gold diggers, but he knew how to think from a different perspective. He understood that as long as he could make money, he didn't have to go west to hunt for gold. The river blocked his way, but the wisdom of thinking from a different perspective allowed him to open up many ways to make money. Therefore, if you think from another angle, you will have another gain.
2. Example 1: The eagle only knows how vast the sky is and how small it is when it fights against the blue sky; the eagle only knows how small the ocean is when it rushes into the sea. How vast and insignificant he is; similarly, only when a person learns more and more does he know that there is no limit to the sea of ??learning, and the knowledge he has learned is just a drop in the ocean, only then does he know that there is no end to the sea of ??learning. To be proactive, to use an ancient saying, is to "learn and then not know enough".
Example 2: When the river reaches the vast sea, it will look at the ocean and sigh, feeling how insignificant it is; the frog in the well will jump out of the well and see the boundless sky, and will feel ignorant and ignorant; through learning, we will Be able to recognize your own shortcomings and study harder with greater humility.
3. Learning can enrich our knowledge, broaden our horizons, make us aware of our own shortcomings, and learn more humbly. The process of continuous learning is the process of continuous expansion of the field of knowledge. Every time a wasteland of knowledge is opened up, a seed of wisdom can be planted. Use hard work as sunshine and sweat as base fertilizer. The seed of wisdom will give birth to buds of wisdom. The flower of wisdom blooms and the fruit of wisdom grows.