● Original text
Flowers withered, unique plum blossoms swept out against the wind, and the scenery of the small park was beautiful. "Mottled shadows hang obliquely on the clear shallow water, and their fragrance spreads peacefully in the moonlight dusk." Cold birds want to fly, first glimpse plum blossoms; Butterflies will be enchanting if they know the beauty of plum blossoms. Fortunately, there are micro-songs to compare, and there is no need for sandalwood golden jars.
● Background introduction
Lin Bu (967 ~ 1028) was born in Qiantang. Poets in Northern Song Dynasty. He was addicted to growing plums and raising cranes and never got married. He is known by the world as "the crane with a beautiful wife". It was his special affection for plum blossoms that made him write this long-standing Yongmei tune.
The beauty of this poem lies in its freehand brushwork and vivid expression. Therefore, the style of plum blossom is rendered from all angles with the technique of side contrast. This charm is actually a portrayal of the poet's lonely and noble personality. As soon as this poem came out, later generations regarded it as Yongmei's swan song.
Comments by Professor Cheng Yuzhui, Chinese Department of Peking University.
Lin Bu, the host, is a very special person in the history of China's poetry. Can you introduce him to us?
Cheng Yuzhui's Xiao Mei in the Mountains is a famous work by Lin Bu, a poet in the Song Dynasty. Lin Bu was a poet in the early Northern Song Dynasty. His word is "Jing Jing", and people call him Lin Hejing. He lived in seclusion in the lonely mountain of West Lake in Hangzhou, and never married, but he liked plum blossoms very much and married plum blossoms. Besides, he likes white cranes very much. He raised many white cranes and took them as his sons, so he was called "Mei Wife Crane". He wrote many poems praising plum blossoms, among which Xiaomei in the Mountain Garden is a very prominent one.
Moderator, please comment on this poem for us!
In Cheng Yuzhui, "all fragrant flowers are swaying and falling alone", and plum blossoms are in full bloom when winter and spring come. "All the fragrant flowers are falling" and "Xuan Yan" mean that the scenery is beautiful. "Occupy the amorous feelings to the small garden" occupied the amorous feelings of the whole small garden, and wrote plum blossoms very unusual from the beginning. Let's just say that "thin shadow is horizontal, shallow water" means writing thin plum branches and reflecting clear water. "Dim fragrance floating on the moon and dusk" is written to Mei, and bursts of Xiang Mei are floating in this hazy moonlight. So he wrote a sentence about Mei's posture and a sentence about Mei's delicate fragrance. These two sentences are very famous. Later, Jiang Baishi, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, wrote two poems praising plum blossoms, named Thin Shadow and Dimfragrance. Then he went on to write "Frostbird stole a look before going down the mountain". There are two versions of this "frost bird": one is frost cold in winter and spring, and the other is frost white. "Frost Bird" came into contact with Lin Hejing, and he especially likes white cranes, so it may refer to white cranes, which is understandable. "Frost birds want to peek first" and "peek first" are both vivid, especially this "peek first". Speaking of this "butterfly-like soul", if butterflies know such beautiful plum blossoms, they will be dizzy with joy. "Soul-breaking" is ecstasy, ecstasy is a person's emotional extreme happiness, or extreme sadness, which means extreme happiness here. Because butterflies in spring can't see plum blossoms in early spring, if butterflies see such good plum blossoms, they may be extremely happy and happy. Finally, the poet said, "Fortunately, there is a slight rhyme to sing." In front of this plum blossom, in the faint moonlight, the poet is very happy to recite poems. "There is no need for * * * gold tablets", and there is no need for such gorgeous and noble things as sandalwood tablets and gold tablets. Under this very beautiful plum blossom and very fragrant plum blossom, the poet is narcissistic, self-appreciative and self-chanting, which is the best state. Therefore, in Yongmei's poems, this poem is a very prominent one. In particular, Ouyang Xiu highly praised the phrase "The shadows are shallow and the moonlight is fragrant", which he thought was the most outstanding one in Yongmei's poems. Therefore, Lin Hejing's poem Xiao Mei in the Mountain stands out among Yongmei's poems in China.
What does the host Lin Bu and his poems mean to us today?
Cheng Yuzhui, a quiet person in Alin River, lives a very special life. He lived in seclusion in the lonely mountain of the West Lake all his life. He hasn't been to Hangzhou for more than 20 years, which is also very rare for him. This poem of his embodies his pursuit of purity. He is not defiled with the world, not in cahoots, pure and clean. Of course, I think it is impossible and unnecessary for us to be completely divorced from society and live in seclusion in a lonely mountain. However, we can still learn from his pursuit of lofty feelings and the pursuit of life entrusted by his description of plum blossoms.
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Another appreciation article:
The author of the first couplet directly expressed his appreciation of plum blossoms: "All the fragrant flowers have fallen and occupied the small garden." After the flowers wither, only the plum blossoms are bright and dazzling, occupying the charm of the small garden. The word "independence" shows Mei's extraordinary personality and aloof charm.
Zhuan Xu made a specific description of plum blossom: "The shadow is oblique, the water is shallow, and the fragrance floats at dusk." This couplet is even more wonderful, and famous sentences have been handed down from generation to generation. That is, the branches are leaning on the shallow, crystal clear water, and the faint fragrance is scattered in the hazy moonlight. The author writes plum, shadow, moon and water from the visual angle and plum fragrance from the olfactory angle. The combination of the two was so ingenious that he drew a beautiful picture of plum blossoms under the moon by the stream.
Necklace is a deliberate rendering of the environment: "The frost bird wants to peek first, and the butterfly will break its soul if it knows." Before the birds fly down in winter, they can't wait to have a peek at the plum blossoms. The word "stealing a look first" is very vivid, and it is extremely written that Dongniao loves Mei very much. If you write about butterflies, they will love the charm of Mei to death, or even lose their minds, exaggerating the butterfly's love for Mei to the extreme. This couplet further highlights the author's love for plum blossoms and his joy in seclusion.
The author of the couplet was intoxicated by Mei, and said frankly, "Fortunately, there are croons to sing, and there is no need for sandalwood golden jars." If you admire plum blossoms while chanting in a low voice, you can enjoy them in a quiet mountain village. What's the use of knocking on the sandalwood, making noises and drinking in golden jars? This makes the poet's sentiments and interests come out completely, so that chanting things and expressing feelings can achieve harmony and unity.