Introduction
Li He (about 791 AD - about 817 AD), named Changji, Han nationality, was born in Fuchang, Henan Province (now Yiyang County, Luoyang, Henan Province) in the Tang Dynasty. Fuchang Changgu, later known as Li Changgu, is a descendant of Li Liang, Prince Zheng of the Tang Dynasty. Known as the "Poetry Ghost", he is a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty who is as famous as the "Poetry Sage" Du Fu, the "Poetry Immortal" Li Bai and the "Poetry Buddha" Wang Wei. There are famous works such as "Yanmen Taishou's Journey" and "Li Ping Konghou Yin". He is the author of "Changgu Collection". Li He was a romantic poet in the mid-Tang Dynasty. He, Li Bai and Li Shangyin were called the three Lis of the Tang Dynasty. He is a representative of the transition period from the mid-Tang Dynasty to the late Tang Dynasty. Most of the poems he wrote lamented his untimely birth and inner depression, expressing his pursuit of ideals and ambitions; they reflected the separatist rule of vassal towns, the dictatorship of eunuchs, and the cruel exploitation of the people at that time. He left behind some eternal good sentences such as "Dark clouds threaten to destroy the city", "When the rooster sings, the world becomes white", "If the sky is affectionate, the sky will also grow old". Li He's poetry is extremely imaginative, and he often uses myths and legends to support the past and present. Therefore, later generations often call him a "ghost genius" and a "poetry ghost", and his poems are called "the words of ghosts and immortals". There is a saying that "the immortal talents of Taibai and the ghosts of Changji". Li He is another famous romantic poet in the history of Chinese literature after Qu Yuan and Li Bai. Li He has a long-term depression and sentimentality, and a lifestyle of anxious thoughts and wistfulness. In the eighth year of Yuanhe (813), he resigned from Fenglilang and returned to Changgu due to illness. He died young at the age of 27.
Historic works
"Gaoxuan Guo"
"Mengtian"
"Yanmen Prefect's Journey"
"Zhijiu Journey"
"Li Ping Konghou Yin"
"The King of Qin Drinks"
"Wild Songs"
"Twenty-three Horse Poems"
"Five Satires"
"Preface to the Chinese Songs of the Golden Bronze Immortal's Ci"
"Song of the Old Man Picking Jade"
"The Bitter Days Are Short"
"Miscellaneous Narratives in Renhe" "Huangfu Si"
"Ballad of Heaven"
"Song of Yangsheng Blue and White Purple Stone Inkstone"
"Autumn Coming"
"Su Xiaoxiao Tomb"
"Thirteen Poems of Nanyuan"
"Hao Ge"
"Luofu Mountain People and Ge Pian"
Poetry Characteristics
Li He was influenced by Chu Ci, ancient Yuefu, Qi Liang Gong Style, Li Du, Han Yu, etc., and formed a very unique style through his own casting and recitation. The imagination is rich and unique, and the language is magnificent and steep. Changji visits the Tianhe and travels to the Moon Palace; discusses the past and present, and explores ghosts and ghosts. His imagination is magical, magnificent, and beautiful. There are many clever, strange and original words in his writings, such as "The sound of Xihe knocking on the glass" ("The King of Qin Drinks"), "The sound of flowing clouds in Yinpu" ("The Ballad of Heaven"), There are many incredible and strange sayings such as "The moon is rolling with dew and the light is wet" ("Dream Sky"). It can be said that Shang "Qi" is the Han Meng's poetry represented by Changji's era, especially his mentor Han Yu. He also has many bright and easy-to-understand works, such as "Mian Ai Xing", "Five Satires" No. 1, "Beijing", "Mocking Youth", etc. and "Poetic Immortal" Li Bai. , "Poetry Saint" Du Fu, "Poetry Hero" Liu Yuxi, and "Poetry Demon" Bai Juyi also have four-character mantras: ghost, weeping, blood, and death, so they are called "Poetry Ghosts".
The story of Li He
Among the poets of the middle and late Tang Dynasty, Li He was a prominent one. He was young and wise at a young age. But Li He's short twenty-seven years of life were full of ups and downs.
Li He's father was Li Jinsu, who worked as a minor official in the frontier. Who would have expected his name. This actually brought bad luck to his son.
In the second year of Yuanhe (807 AD), the eighteen-year-old Li He was preparing to take the Jinshi examination. With Han Yu's appreciation, the future seems bright.
However, Li He's talent has already caused uneasiness among some jealous people. They wrote to the court, saying that Li He's father's name was "Li Jinsu" because "Jin" and "jin" have the same pronunciation. In order to avoid taboos , Li He could not take the Jinshi examination. The emperor had always maintained such feudal ethics, so he actually deprived Li He of the right to participate in the Jinshi examination.
After Han Yu heard about it, he was indignant and wrote a short essay titled "Taobian" to defend this literary genius. The article wrote: His father's name is "Jin Su" , the son cannot be promoted to "Jinshi"; if the father's name is "Ren", the son cannot be "Ren"?
This article is written sharply and powerfully, but it is consistent with the thousands of years of "filial piety". Comparatively, it is undoubtedly an egg hitting a stone. In the end, Li He was unable to pass the Jinshi examination and seek fame. He only served as a minor official in Taichang Temple for more than two years, which made him feel very humiliated. In the eighteenth year of Yuanhe (813 AD), he resigned and returned to his hometown of Nanyuan. Three years later, he fell ill and died at home.
In Li He's short life, he failed to realize his talents, was unable to realize his lofty ambitions, and was very depressed, so he devoted all his energy to poetry creation.
But deep down in his heart, he deeply regretted his unfulfilled ambition and was dissatisfied with the company of poems and books. The fifth poem in his (South Garden) series wrote:
Man Why don't you wear a Wu hook? Take the fifty states of Guanshan. Please go to Lingyan Pavilion for a while, like a scholar of ten thousand households?
The meaning of the poem is: Why don't you wear a Wu hook to recover the lost territory of Guanshan? Fifty prefectures in the country? Please go to Lingyan Pavilion and take a look. Which of the heroes painted there is a scholar? Lingyan Pavilion is a pavilion in the palace of the Tang Dynasty. In the seventeenth year of Zhenguan (643 AD), the Tang Dynasty Taizong ordered the painter Yan Liben to paint images of Changsun Wuji, Wei Wei and other twenty-four heroes on Lingyan Pavilion to commend their contributions to the country.
The sixth poem of "Nanshan" writes:
p>Looking for an excerpt from the chapter, the jade bow is hanging on the curtain when the dawn moon is missing. How can the article cry in the autumn wind?
The meaning of the poem is: At dawn, the jade bow is hanging. The waning moon shines on the curtains, and I am looking for chapters and excerpts from Li He's introduction every night, doing a small job. Isn't it boring to see that the Bohai area in Liaodong has been in war for years, even if he wrote a good sad autumn article like Song Yu's? What's the use?
Reading these poems full of injustice, how can we not sigh for this genius?
Li He Xishi
p>Li He, a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty, was famous for his poems when he was young. He came to Luoyang at the age of 18 and fell in love with Han Yu. However, he failed to gain fame and only held a lowly official position at a young age. He died of illness at the age of thirty-seven. The poet's life was short, but in the star-studded poetry kingdom of the Tang Dynasty, Li He was a dazzling meteor across the sky. He was the most creative among the Han Yu School of Poetry. Young poet.
Li He is a talented poet who encountered misfortune, but he knew how to cherish his limited life. When he was a child, he was very ambitious and wrote poems to express his ambitions: "The thoughts of a young man are just like the clouds." "Wine Tour") He loved reading and was diligent in writing. Even when he was riding on a donkey, he would often be seen thinking. His mother once scolded him lovingly: "Do you have to vomit out your hard work before you give up?" ?"
At that time, some dandy boys from the aristocracy spent their days riding golden saddles and fat horses, drinking and drinking, wearing silk and fragrant clothes, swaggering through the market. The young Li He couldn't stand it so much that he wrote a song "The Chilling Boy" In his poem, he earnestly exhorts them to cherish themselves. The poem reads:
As long as a young man is safe, the sea can turn into a mulberry field.
The prosperity and decline are passed down like arrows. God does not want to be disloyal to the public.
The mayor of Shaohua is here, and his face is white and wrinkled.
The poet advised those young people not to waste their time. He pointed out: "Young man." Even if you have to grow up young, the waves can still turn into mulberry fields. "The years are turning rapidly, time is like an arrow, and Father Time is fair to everyone. Don't say that the wonderful years of youth are eternal, and the growth rings of life are not endless. Wrinkles are not a distant thing.
Li He cherished his time like gold and devoted himself to creation. The more than 200 poems he left to posterity are the result of painstaking artistic efforts. The poet realizes the value of life with his unique creation, and he finally obtains eternal life in the kingdom of poetry.
Commemoration for later generations
Li He was buried in the Longxi cemetery after his death (now in Yuanjiawan, Changgu Township, Longxi County, Gansu Province), commonly known as the "Bachelor's Tomb".
The inscription on Li He's tombstone "Gongchang Prefecture" records: "Renshou Mountain is one mile to the south. Its mountain is a branch of the Qinling Mountains. It meanders for more than a thousand miles and ends at Zhiyang of the county. There is a hanging spring on the right, such as Pi Lian is almost gone. There are Wenchang Pavilion and Kuixing Tower on it, and Li He's tomb is on its back."[25] The Qianlong Edition of Longxi County Chronicles also states: "Renshou Mountain is located in the southwest of the city... and there is Li He on it. "He's Tomb." The tomb was destroyed during farmland water conservancy construction in the 1970s.
Li He’s hometown
Yiyang Li He Plaza is located in Sanxiang Township, 74 kilometers away from Luoyang and 39 kilometers away from Yiyang County, with convenient transportation. The main layout is: the gate of the former residence, the main room, Li He's study room, the small courtyard where Li He's parents lived, the back garden, Li He's poetry club and other parts.
The Lianchang River in the east of Sanxiang Village, Yiyang, Wuhuata, Li He’s hometown, originates from Shaanxi County, passes through the valley from northwest to southeast, passes through the northeastern border of Luoning County, enters Sanxiang Village in Yiyang, and flows into Luohe River. Changgu is located at the confluence of Lianchang River and Luohe River. Changgu is named after Lianchang River Valley. The old "Yiyang County Chronicle" records: "Changji (Li He) is talented and lives in Changgu". Among Li He's poems, there are many works directly titled Changgu. According to the sentence "The palace is in full bloom in the north of the palace at dawn" in "Thirteen Poems of Nanyuan·Part 2", the palace is Lianchang Palace, which was built in the third year of Xianqing (658) by Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty. There is also Lianchang Palace (also known as Yuyang Palace). Palace) and Lanchang Palace. The ruins of Lianchang Palace are in the Lianchang Valley, and Li He's former residence is not far from Lianchang Palace. There is "Hancha Yunshan" (Guangwu Temple) in the west, Nvji Mountain across the river in the south, and the famous Wuhua Temple Tower stands on the west bank of Lianchang River. Many powerful and famous people at that time, such as Wu Zetian, Tang Xuanzong, Zhang Jiuling, Cen Shen, Han Yu, Bai Juyi, Yuan Zhen, Du Mu, etc., all chanted and sang poems here.