Generally speaking, the poetry school is divided into two periods: 1927 period. The early stage began in the spring of 1926, supplemented by Beijing Morning Post? Poetry magazine is the front, and its main members are Wen Yiduo, Xu Zhimo, Zhu Xiang, Rao Mengkan, Sun Dayu and Liu.
They are dissatisfied with the style of "free poets" who ignored the art of poetry after the May 4th Movement, advocate new metrical poetry, advocate "rational emotional control", and oppose the promiscuity and prosaic tendency of poetry. From theory to practice, they made a serious exploration of the new poetic meter. Wen Yiduo put forward the famous thought of "three beauties" in "The Metre of Poetry", that is, "the beauty of music, the beauty of painting and the beauty of architecture". Therefore, the crescent school is also known as the "new metrical poetry school". The crescent school corrected the weakness of the early poetry creation that was too informal, and also made the new poetry enter the period of conscious creation.
The poets who can best embody the characteristics of the early Crescent School are Wen Yiduo and Xu Zhimo. Wen Yiduo's Dead Water is a representative work of the Crescent School in its early days.
stagnant water
Wen Yiduo
This is a backwater of despair,
The breeze doesn't move at all.
Why don't you throw more rubbish,
Throw out your leftovers.
Maybe copper will turn green into jade,
A few petals of peach blossoms are embroidered on the tin can;
Let greasy weave a layer of Luo Qi,
Mold steamed some clouds for him.
Let the stagnant water ferment into a ditch of green wine,
Full of pearl foam;
Little beads' laughter turned into big beads,
I was bitten by a flower mosquito who stole wine again.
A desperate backwater ditch,
And a little image.
If frogs can't stand loneliness,
Dead water again. It is singing.
This is a backwater of despair,
This is definitely not the beauty,
Why don't we leave it to ugliness to cultivate,
See what kind of world it has created.
The poem "Dead Water" is the best representative of the "three beauties" of poetry.
The first is the beauty of music. "Dead Water" is a work that Wen Yiduo thinks is "the first experiment with the most satisfactory syllables". Each line of the whole poem consists of a "three-character ruler" and three "two-character rulers", and the three-character ruler is in a trembling process in the poem line, that is, from the third ruler of the first sentence to the second ruler of the second, third and fourth lines; Interlaced rhymes end with disyllabic words, cadence, catchy, strong sense of rhythm and rhythm, full of music.
Secondly, the beauty of architecture.
The whole poem has five sections, each with four lines and nine words. Chinese characters are called square characters, and each character is a square building. In this way, each row forms a cuboid; The sum of four cuboids constitutes a big cuboid; And the whole poem is five big cuboids, which constitute a bigger cuboid. From the overall appearance, the structure is neat, the joints are symmetrical and evenly arranged. This looks very much like China's traditional metrical poems.
In addition, the beauty of painting. The words "green wine", "foaming at the mouth", "emerald" and "Luo Qi" in the poem are colorful, giving people dazzling visual effects. Moreover, the author is not satisfied with this. He made full use of the linguistic features of poetry, writing both static images like jade and dynamic images like frogs' cries. The combination of static and dynamic makes the images contrast with each other, producing tension and making the picture more vivid. The application of such "three beauties" makes the stagnant water form a whole neat and dignified style, and the personality characteristics of the author's traditional Confucian intellectuals are even more vivid.
/kloc-in the spring of 0/927, Hu Shi, Xu Zhimo, Wen Yiduo, Liang Shiqiu and others founded Crescent Bookstore, and the following year, Crescent Monthly was founded. The main activities of the Crescent School moved to Shanghai, which was later the Crescent School. Its main positions are New Moon and Poetry, which were founded in 1930. The new members are Chen, Fang and Bian. In the later period, the Crescent School put forward the principles of "health" and "dignity", adhered to the position of "pure poetry" which was super-utilitarian, self-expression and aristocratic, and emphasized "purity of essence, thoroughness of technique and rigor of meter". However, the artistic expression and lyricism of poetry are close to modernist schools.
The representative figure in the later period is Xu Zhimo.
1928 wrote Farewell to Cambridge, which is undoubtedly a mistake of the Crescent School.
Say goodbye to Cambridge again
I left quietly,
When I came softly;
I waved gently,
Say goodbye to the western clouds.
Golden willow by the river.
Is the bride in the sunset?
Shadows in the waves,
Ripple in my heart.
Green grass on the soft mud,
Oily, swaying at the bottom of the water;
In the gentle waves of He Kang River,
I would like to be an aquatic plant.
A pool in the shade of a tree,
Not a clear spring, but a rainbow in the sky.
Crushed between floating algae,
Precipitate a rainbow-like dream.
Looking for dreams? Lift a long pole,
Back to the greener grass,
Full of stars,
Play a song in the starlight
But I can't play songs,
Quiet is a farewell flute;
Summer insects are also silent for me,
Silence is Cambridge tonight!
I left quietly,
Just as I came quietly;
I waved my sleeve,
Don't take away a cloud.
1 1 6th of the month
The most striking feature of this poem is its neat form and gorgeous rhetoric.
The number of words in each paragraph of Farewell to Cambridge is basically equal, which is consistent with the "three beauties" advocated by the Crescent School in the early stage. The same is true of its flowery rhetoric.
The biggest difference between the late and early Crescent School is that it advocates "pure poetry" which is super-utilitarian, self-expression and aristocratic. The "stagnant water" mentioned earlier is related to the reality of our country at that time, but Xu's Farewell to Cambridge is entirely his personal emotional world. This concept of "pure poetry" is an important difference between the early and late periods. The separation of poetry and politics is the main feature in the later period.