At the end of Qin dynasty, Xiang Yu once divided Zhou Shu into three parts, and later people called it Sanqin. This can be understood as a guard. "Guanzhong vast wilderness guards Chang 'an, this sentence refers to the farewell place.
Looking from a distance, I saw the wind, dust and smoke in Sichuan are endless. This sentence is about where Du Shaofu is going. Because friends are going to Sichuan from Chang 'an, the two places are naturally linked with the poet's feelings. The poem did not say goodbye at the beginning, but only described the situation and style of these two places. Looking up at thousands of miles, I feel infinitely reluctant, and the feeling of farewell is comfortable. Even the land of Sanqin is hard to see at a glance, and Wujin, which is thousands of miles away, can't be seen at all.
What does it mean to leave each other? We are all bureaucrats and vagrants! There is infinite sadness in it. The first two sentences are high-profile and harsh.
The realm is from narrow to grand, and the mood is from sad to heroic. "However, as long as China keeps our friendship, heaven is still our neighbor." It's far from you and you can't live without true friends. As long as you are in the four seas, even at the ends of the earth, you are close neighbors. What are we?
Don't cry like that child at this fork in the road that is about to break up! This is a reminder to my friends.
Those who are familiar with the poems of Han and Wei Dynasties will find that this poem has some connection with one of the seven poems written by Cao Zijian for White Horse and Wang Biao. Cao Cao's poem goes like this: "My heart is sad for my God, so I will abandon it and never return!" Wan Li is still a close neighbor. You don't lose money when you are in love. The farther away, the closer. Focus. Trouble has become a rash, isn't it the child's benevolence? Urgent, bitter! "Wang Bo's poems are obviously influenced by Cao Cao's poems, but they are very different. Cao Zijian is full of resentment. (5) His remarks were so boring that he was forced to reject them, so his feelings were lingering and his tone was gloomy. Although Wang Bo suffered setbacks, he was young after all, and his words came from the heart, so his feelings were vigorous and his tone was bright. Some people say that Wang's poems are better than Cao's, but I don't think so. But Wang's poems are not simple inheritance, but have their own uniqueness, so they should also be praised.
Appreciating this poem from the perspective of literary history, it is not difficult to feel that it has a fresh breath. The early Tang Dynasty was the beginning of a powerful dynasty in ancient China. Poetry in the Tang Dynasty reached the peak in the history of China literature. The great innovation and development of poetry, which lasted about 200 years, began in the early Tang Dynasty. Wang, Yang, Lu, Luo and other great poets at that time were pioneers who appeared earlier. First of all, they opposed the gaudy poetic style inherited from the early Tang and Six Dynasties. Yang Jiong said that Wang Bo "tasted the early years of Longshuo, and the literary field was variant: fighting for slim structure and carving; Golden jade, dragon and phoenix, chaotic purple and yellow; The video is called Eccentricity and False Beauty. I am exhausted, I am strong and ignorant, I think of its disadvantages, and I want to use my career. " ⑦ It can be seen that he consciously reformed the disadvantages of poetry and advocated a vigorous and progressive poetic style. Take this poem by Wang Bo as an example. It is really a beautiful habit, simple and vigorous, and the readers at that time must be refreshing. Since then, this poetic style has been greatly developed and has become the dominant style of poetry in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Secondly, they made their own contribution to the formation of the new poetic style. Take five-character poems as an example. This new poetic style, which gradually matured and prevailed in the Tang Dynasty, was tried and formed in the works of Wang Bo and others. This poem by Wang Bo is two mature five-character poems. Read the five laws of Wang and Meng again, and then read the five laws of Li and Du, and you will find that the development of this new poetic style in the Tang Dynasty is like a big river, which comes down in one continuous line and grows more magnificent as it moves forward.
When talking about the contribution of Wang Bo's poems to later generations, Zheng Zhenduo, a famous literary historian, said passionately: "Just as the myriad rays of the sun god have not passed in the East, the East has been covered with the rosy dawn of the goddess of dawn." We might as well regard this poem by Wang Bo as a pearl on the necklace of the goddess of dawn, so as to better accept its charming charm.
"Those who are ecstatic, only don't." The ancients were very emotional about parting, and parting was serious. At that time, the roads were rugged and the means of transportation were backward. It's hard to say whether we will meet again after many years. It is understandable that they attach so much importance to parting. The farewell of the literati class is not only to prepare farewell banquets and gifts with folded willows, but also to write poems for travelers (farewell) or leave them for residents (farewell) to express their feelings or encourage and comfort each other. Therefore, there are a considerable number of farewell works in the inheritance of ancient poetry.
Make an appreciative comment
This is a farewell poem. Poet Wang Bo (650-676) was born in Longmen, Jiangzhou (now Jishan County, Shaanxi Province). He only lived for 26 years before he died. However, due to diligent study, he has made remarkable achievements in his short life. He can write both poems and articles, and is as famous as Yang Jiong, Lu and Luo at that time. He is called "the four outstanding men in the early Tang Dynasty".
Generally speaking, when people leave their relatives and friends, they are always sad and reluctant to leave. It is inevitable to say something like wishing you a safe journey, taking care of yourself or seeing you again. Some people even have to act like children crying. This is of course human nature, not surprising. However, poetry, as an art, will look stale, mediocre and tasteless if all these are written in. Wang Bo deserves to be a real marketer. He won't write! His farewell poem is ingenious, writing sincere feelings between friends in natural and simple language, greatly improving people's ideological realm, and making people deeply moved after reading it.
In this poem, the first two sentences are about farewell scenes. At that time, the poet was working in Chang 'an, and he wanted to send his good friend Du Shaofu (official name) to work in Zhou Shu. Zhou Shu, in today's Sichuan Province, is located in Chongqing County. They walked out of Chang 'an together and came to the place where they parted. They have words in their hearts, but they are relatively silent. They had to watch the surrounding scenery to restrain their parting. "Take this opportunity to surround the wall of Sanqin District", but see the majestic Chang 'an Miyagi, surrounded by the "Sanqin" with dangerous terrain and magnificent weather. "Through a mist that unites the five rivers", see where my friends are going. It's too far, I can't see anything clearly. This scene from near to far, with strong contrast between light and dark, constitutes a very real and vivid farewell picture, full of the poet's nostalgia for his friends' long journey.
Three or four sentences in the poem are topical. Let's explain the meaning of the difference between friends. In social life, banquets always break up, and friends with deep feelings will inevitably separate and cannot be together forever. The reason is that "our two officials run counter to each other". Everyone has his own responsibilities and has to go to his post. So this difference is completely understandable, but it will never alienate the sincere feelings between friends. This is the significance of the difference between the poet and Du Shaofu.
These two poems "However, China holds our friendship, and heaven is still our neighbor" have far-reaching significance and are the most important part of the whole poem. It shows the poet's broad mind and lofty aspirations and sublimates sincere friendship. Everyone has friends with similar interests, called "bosom friends". Sometimes he is close at hand, sometimes he is far away, but no matter how the space changes and how time passes, friendship should be unbreakable. Moreover, we must not narrowly think that there is only one "confidant"; There are like-minded people everywhere in the world, and deep friendship can be established. With this understanding and mood, you will not feel lonely, on the contrary, you will feel optimistic and enterprising. No matter where you go, you will feel as if you are still with your old friends, having a heart-to-heart talk, so happy and happy.
Having said that, the poet was still dissatisfied and added two sentences: "Why linger at the fork in the road, the child * * * got a towel." He has a strong heart and encourages his friends not to take out a handkerchief to wipe their tears like children when they break up, but to go forward and welcome a new life. Such a poem, gripping, has been told by people for thousands of years.
The poems of "four outstanding poets in the early Tang Dynasty" broke the shackles of "palace poetry" since the Six Dynasties in ideological content and artistic form, and were brave in innovation, but they were not perfect enough. For example, in Wang Bo's poem, there are three or four sentences, "We said goodbye, and the two of us are running counter to each other as officials", which should be antithetical according to the requirements of metrical poems, but they are scattered and not legal enough. Later some frivolous literati laughed at them. However, this cannot hide their achievements. Du Fu put it well: "The name of Ercao is extinct, and the rivers will not be abolished forever." The people who laughed at them died out, and the poems of hospitalized patients will be passed down through the ages.
Comment and analysis
This poem is a masterpiece of farewell. Poetic comfort: don't be sad when you leave. The first sentence is strictly opposed, and the third and fourth sentences are passed on by scattered tones, which turns reality into emptiness and the literary situation is ups and downs. Triple "However, China holds our friendship, and heaven is still our neighbor", and its towering peaks highly summarize the scene of "profound friendship, mountains and rivers are irresistible". Talk big, be told through the ages, and become a household name. At the end of the couplet, the theme of "sending" is pointed out.
The whole poem is full of ups and downs, pulsating flow and broad-minded artistic conception. It washed away the sadness in ancient farewell poems, and it is a unique stone tablet with bright and clear tone and high freshness.
Authoritative analysis
A dictionary of Tang poetry appreciation;
The first couplet belongs to the "place name pair" in the "work pair", which is extremely magnificent and exquisite. The first sentence says that the walls and palaces of Chang 'an are "assisted" (protected and guarded) by the vast land of Sanqin, which is magnificent, so it is a farewell place. The "Wujin" in the second sentence refers to the five major ferries of the Minjiang River, namely Baihuajin, Wan Li Tianjin, Jiangshoujin, Shetoujin and Jiangnan Tianjin, which generally refers to "Shuchuan" and points to the place where Du Shaofu is about to travel; And "wind and smoke" and "hope" connect Qin and Shu, which are thousands of miles apart. Looking at Shuchuan from Chang 'an, the line of sight is covered by misty wind and smoke, showing a touch of sadness, and the souls of "parting" and "Tianya" have been photographed below.
Because the first couplet was always stable in the battle, in order to avoid stagnation, the second couplet was inherited by decentralized adjustment, and the literary situation was ups and downs. "We Farewell" accepted the parting feeling of the first couplet, and wanted to vomit and swallow. Translated, it means: "Leave your mood! ..... "How are you feeling? I didn't say; Change your mouth immediately, make a turning point, and make an exception with the phrase "our two officials run counter to each other." It means: I am as far away from home as you are, traveling abroad; This parting is just a parting among guests, so why be sentimental!
Sanlian pushed one step away, and Qifeng protruded. From the point of view of conception, it is likely to be influenced by Cao Zhi's "Giving a White Horse to Wang Biao". "The husband is full of ambition, and Wan Li is still near; Love is not a loss, but an inspiration from distance. But in a high degree, since great words have been cast, they will become famous sentences through the ages.
After the tail couplet, there is a triple couplet to comfort Du Shaofu. "Wrong method", point out the word "send" on the topic. People who have taken a fork in the road often break up at the fork in the road when the ancients bid farewell, so breaking up is often called "parting." When leaving, the author comforted Du Shaofu, saying: As long as we know each other and are soul mates, even though we are far away from Qianshan, our emotional communication is not as close as that of our neighbors. Don't cry and wipe your tears when you leave, like ordinary children.
Jiang Yan, a famous writer in the Southern Dynasties, wrote all kinds of farewells in other houses, which inevitably made people feel "dejected". Many farewell poems in ancient times also mostly expressed the feeling of "sinking the soul". Wang Bo's song, however, is a sad and sour one, with an open artistic conception, bright timbre and unique style.