Chapter One: The ancient poets introduced that Tang Muzong was the third son of Tang Xianzong, Hengli. Zhenyuan 11th year (795) was born in the farewell hall of Daming Palace in Chang 'an, Beijing. Formerly known as Li You, he was first named king of the county, and became king in August of the first year of Xian Zongyuan (806). Hengli was renamed as the Crown Prince, with the same name as his father Xian Zong.
all one's life
Before Mu Zong, many emperors in the Tang Dynasty could pass on the throne to their sons. Emperor Gaozong (1860) and his two sons (namely Zhongzong and Zong Rui) acceded to the throne and became emperors. Mu Zong's father Xian Zong also has a son, namely Xuanzong. After that, the fifth son acceded to the throne as promise, and the seventh son acceded to the throne as Zhao. Previously, among Zong Rui's sons, one was ordered to ascend to the throne (), one was considered as the emperor (let the emperor Li Xian), and three were given as princes, which has been praised by the old history as a reward for heaven and endless blessings. But Mu Zong Yi * * * has five sons, three of whom became emperors, namely Tang Jingzong, Tang Wenzong and Tang Wuzong, which is unique in the history of the Tang Dynasty. Because every son takes his own mother as the empress dowager after he ascended the throne, Mu Zong has three queens and his ancestral temple, which is also rare in the history of the Tang Dynasty. Mu Zong died in the first month of the fourth year of Changqing (824) at the age of 30, which was the shortest life span in the Tang Dynasty compared with the emperors before him. These facts show that when Mu Zong ruled the world, the succession to the throne in the Tang Dynasty changed greatly, and the personal safety of the emperor became insecure. All these seem to remind us once again that it is difficult to review the court situation during the Mu Zong period according to the usual practice.
Before Mu Zong was born, his father Xian Zong had his eldest son Li Ning and his second son Li Yun. Ranked third is a powerful mother, that is, the granddaughter of her late father, concubine Guo, who was married in the ninth year of Zhenyuan (793), and Xianzong was the king of Guangling. The mother of Li Ning, the eldest son, is Imperial Secretary Jishi, while the mother of Li Yun, the second son, left no name. In this case, Xianzong has never made up his mind which prince to choose. Things dragged on and on until he ascended the throne for four years, and in March of Yuanhe four years (809), Xian Zong's heart gradually tilted towards his eldest son. At this time, Li Ning 17 years old. She always likes reading, and her manners are quite in line with etiquette, so she is deeply loved by Xianzong. So when the minister suggested that Chu Jun should be established as soon as possible to end the greed of traitors, he announced the decision to make his eldest son his heir. This time, I experienced some twists and turns. The ceremony that should have been held in the spring was changed again and again because of the continuous heavy rain, and it was dragged to Mengdong in October. We don't know how much resistance there is from mother Guo.
What happened next made everyone feel helpless. In the sixth year of Yuanhe (8 1 1), Li Ning, who had just been a prince for two years, died of illness at the age of 19. Broken-hearted, Xian Zong unexpectedly abolished the day of 13 for him, and specially formulated a set of funeral etiquette, supplemented by Zhao Hui. Li Ning's death forced Xian Zong to make another choice in choosing his successor.
At this time, almost everyone inside and outside the imperial court suggested that Guo's third son be elected, while Cheng Cui, the eunuch who was most favored by the emperor, suggested that the second son be elected in order. Xianzong also intends to have a second son, but because of his mother's humble position, it is difficult to get support in the court, and the power of the Guo family in the ruling and opposition parties is too strong. The voice of Li San's son-in-law prevailed, and Xian Zong was very helpless. So he had to ask Cui Qun, a bachelor of Hanlin, to draft a performance form to show his humility on behalf of his second son-in-law. In July of the seventh year of Yuanhe (8 12), he established his son-in-law as a prince and renamed him Hengli. 10, a ceremony was held to award titles.
In fact, Xianzong was not satisfied with the prince. He spoke his mind and guessed the emperor's mind, and he never gave up his career as Liu Yun. The event of Xian Zong's throne storage laid a curse for Mu Zong's accession to the throne in the future, and also left a disaster for himself.
In October of the eighth year of Yuanhe (8 13), just one year after the establishment of the new prince, the court officials who supported the prince proposed to Xi' an Guo to be the queen. Since Xuanzong, only Zhang, the queen of Suzong, has survived in the harem, because she made special contributions in the special period of counterinsurgency. Xianzong made Guo the imperial concubine, which is already the most distinguished role in the harem. Xianzong rejected the motion under various pretexts. After this incident, Guo Guifei made friends inside and outside the imperial court, including captains Liang Shouqian and Wang Shoucheng, the powerful roles of eunuchs, who secretly competed with Tu Tu Cheng Cui.
At the end of Yuanhe 14th year, Xianzong's health deteriorated due to taking alchemist Liu Bi's Dan medicine, and the plan of becoming a Cui changed was stepped up. Prince Hengli was very nervous. He once asked his uncle, Guo Zhao, that he was a Secretary for Agriculture and told him to be filial and not to think about anything else. This shows that they have made full preparations and are waiting for Xianzong to die. In the fifteenth year of Yuanhe (820), on the 27th day of the first month, Xianzong suddenly died, and Liang Shouqian, Wang Shoucheng and others immediately acceded to the throne, that is, Tang Muzong. Tu Tu Chengcui and the emperor's second son, Liu Yun, were caught off guard by this sudden coup and were sent to the grave together.
Mu Zong's fears during his stay in Chu Jun vanished with his successful accession to the throne. He gave different rewards to those who helped him ascend to the throne, especially Guo Guifei, his biological mother, the empress dowager, to repay her hard work over the years. In contrast, he killed and punished his father's cronies and minions respectively. As the saying goes, once every emperor is a courtier.
After Mu Zong acceded to the throne, he didn't forget to change all the names he had committed. For example, Heng Yue (Hengshan) was changed to Yue Zhen, Hengzhou was changed to Zhou Zhen, and Hengyang County in Dingzhou was changed to Quyang County. In this way, another generation of new kings in the Tang Dynasty ascended the throne.
Mu Zong was 26 when he acceded to the throne. For the emperor who ascended the throne in his prime, it is an admirable age to make a difference in politics. Emperor Taizong ascended the throne at the age of 29, and Xuanzong was 28. If you want to eat and have fun all day, it's also an unparalleled time. Mu Zong did not follow the example of Emperor Taizong and Xuanzong, but indulged himself in pleasure without restraint.
When Mu Zong was still mourning for Xian Zong in the imperial court, he made no secret of his love for entertainment. In May of the fifteenth year of Yuanhe (820), when Xian Zong was buried in Jingling, he became more and more wild. Soon, he and his cronies and followers went hunting for fun. In June, Queen Mother Guo moved to Xingqing Palace in Nannei, where she led six ladies-in-waiting to hold a big banquet. After the banquet, he returned to the right army and praised the trusted lieutenant general and general. From this day on, Mu Zong went to Chenhui Gate and Brewmaster Gate every three days to watch performances such as Jiao Di and Zaju. July 6th is Mu Zong's birthday, and he made a set of celebration ceremonies in a whimsical way, just because some ministers suggested that this practice has never existed since ancient times. He built many buildings in the palace, including Yong 'an Hall and Baoqing Hall. Seven workers were crushed to death when the rockery in the palace collapsed. When Yong 'an Hall was first built, he liked to watch hundreds of plays there. In Yong 'an Hall, Mu Zong also secretly hosted a banquet for fun with Lord Zhong Gong, including his concubines. In addition, he spent a lot of money to repair and decorate temples in the capital, such as Anguo, Ci 'en, Ganfu, Chang Kai and Zhang Jing, and even specially invited Tibetan envoys to watch them.
In August, Mu Zong went to the fish and algae pond in the palace again, recruited 2,000 people from Shence Army, and dredged the silted water surface in Xianzong period. After the opening of Ertang in September, he held a big banquet in Yu Zaogong to watch the imperial palace rowing competition. With the approach of 1999 Double Ninth Festival, Mu Zong wanted to hold a grand banquet. Li Jue, the gleaner, and others went up to remonstrate, saying, Your Majesty has just boarded Dabao, and the year number has not changed. Tang Xianzong's mausoleum is still new, so it is not appropriate to hold a large-scale banquet in the palace. Mu Zong wouldn't listen. On the Double Ninth Festival, his uncle Guo Zhao, his brothers, the nobles of the imperial court, Princess Xu, etc. Was specially called to the Xuanhe Hall for a drinking party.
1 1 one day, Mu Zong suddenly issued an imperial edict: I will go to Huaqing Palace temporarily tomorrow and return immediately at sunset. At this time, the northwest ethnic minorities led the troops into the customs, and Liang Shouqian, the deputy commander of the Shence Army, sent 4,000 Shence soldiers and 8 town soldiers to help. The situation was very tense, and ancient scholar Jiang Lihe often knelt outside the Yan Ying Temple to protest. Mu Zong even said to the ministers: I have decided to leave, so leave me alone. Repeated admonitions by the admonisher are ineffective. The next morning, accompanied by the assistant commanders of Shence Army and more than 1000 envoys, kings and Xu of the Sixth Army, he left the city for Huaqing Palace from Daming Palace Courtyard Road and didn't return to the palace until very late.
For Mu Zong, there are too many feasts and trips. Dr Qin Zheng and others advised him that the border is tight and the situation is changeable. If there is an emergency military intelligence report ahead, I don't know where your majesty is. What should I do? In addition, your majesty often makes love with outstanding actors and rewards them without restraint. These are the blood and sweat of the people. How can we reward them without credit? Mu Zong felt very fresh when he saw this badge, so he asked the Prime Minister who these people were. The prime minister replied that it was an admonition officer. Mu Zong comforted Qin Zheng and others that he should follow your advice. Mu Zong's attitude made the prime ministers happy for a while, but in fact what he said to himself was not taken seriously at all. Turning around, Mu Zong still went his own way.
Mu Zong even thinks it is a happy thing to hold banquets and parties frequently. One day, he held a song and dance banquet with the minister in the Linde Hall of the Palace. He said excitedly to Ding Gongzhu: I heard that officials and bureaucrats often feast outside, which shows that the world is at peace and the grain is abundant. I feel very comforted. However, Ding Gongzhu holds a different view. He said to Mu Zong: It is not a good thing to go beyond the limit. Celebrities of the previous generation met with beautiful scenery, or bought wine to hold a banquet, or talked about fu, all of which were elegant. Since Tianbao, the country's customs have been extravagant, and feasting takes pleasure in indulging in noise. People in high positions and in power, together with the handyman in the yamen, have no shame at all. The up-and-down effect is becoming more and more common, which has caused many disadvantages. Mu Zong also felt that his words were reasonable and accepted them with an open mind, but he was determined not to change.
Mu Zong this almost crazy amusement, in the second year of Changqing convergence in November. The reason is that he once had an accident while playing polo with eunuchs and ministers. During the competition, an official suddenly fell off his horse as if he had been hit by a foreign object. Because of the urgency of the matter, Mu Zong was very scared, so he stopped to have a rest in the hall. At this critical juncture, Mu Zong suddenly couldn't stand up and felt dizzy. As a result, he had a stroke and was ill in bed. As soon as this happened, I didn't know about Mu Zong for many days outside the palace. The week before, in the name of welcoming Queen Mother Guo, he led people to Huaqing Palace and visited Mount Li. I went back to Beijing by bus on the same day and went to see Queen Mother Guo the next day.
Mu Zong hasn't recovered since his stroke. On the first day of the first month in the third year of Changqing (823), Mu Zong didn't accept the greetings from ministers due to illness. Sick Mu Zong once wanted to live forever. Just like his father, he fell in love with the medicine Magic Stone. Chu Shi and Zhang Hao went to the countryside to dissuade Mu Zong from taking the elixir of life. However, Mu Zong died in his bedroom on the 22nd day of the first month in the 4th year of Changqing (824) at the age of thirty. It was greed for life that accelerated his death.
Chapter II: Li Hui was introduced by the poet of ancient poetry, and the word Zhao Du came from the imperial clan Wang Yi. Father is like a fairy. Return to the original name and avoid the taboo of Wuzong Temple. At the beginning of Changqing, Jinshi rose to the first place, and then to the German founder. Shi Brown engaged in sliding table, and Yangzhou was in charge of the secretary, so he had to be remonstrated. He joined the army with Cao, a resident of Jingzhao Prefecture. The Prime Minister is particularly aware that North Korea is the right place to fill the vacancy and live in Lang. Back to strong talent collectors, sensitive officer, Cao Wu ignored. Yuan Wailang, the appointed party, was sentenced to the case of the Ministry of Housing and Yuan Wailang, the official department, was sentenced to the case of Cao Nan. The Foreign Minister of the Ministry of Punishment, knowing that Taiwan Province is mixed with good and bad, gave me a gift. At the beginning of his official career, he established an imperial edict with the knowledge of library doctors, worshipped Chinese books and gave him gold and purple clothes. Wu zong acceded to the throne, worshipped the assistant minister of the Ministry of Industry, was transferred to the assistant minister of the Ministry of Industry, and was sentenced to the division. For three years, he was also an imperial consultant.
In the third year of Huichang, Serina Liu, according to Luzhou, invited him to ask for help, but refused, and sent more soldiers for help. Since Wu Zong was afraid of Sheyin's going along with Shuosan Town, he lived in Julian Waghann and ordered him to return to Heshuo. , Stanley Ho, Zhen Ji and Wang were all welcomed by the suburbs. Back to the imperial edict, Ji Wang, Michigan, is different from Hebei. Now that the difficulties have come, only Wei and Zhen, the two princes, and all the saints, attacked in vain, and it is outrageous to tell stories. Saint Dan and the three counties of Shandong are bordered by Wei, Zhen and the army. Don't want to leave Shandong, so Wei and Zhen only accept three counties in Shandong. Hongjing and Yuan Kui bowed and followed their orders. You Zhang Zhou Zhong Wu and Taiyuan Liu Mian attacked Uighur. When they couldn't agree, the court used the army and didn't want to have a conflict with Fan Shuai. Back to Youzhou, the metaphor is for the purpose of harmony, and Zhong Wu is glad to let go. He moved Liu Mianzhen to slide the platform and ordered Zhong Wu to lead Taiyuan army to attack Lu. Thief Ping, take this official and Zhang Ping, assistant minister in the book, turnstile, and pass the second minister.
After the collapse of Wuzong, the temple was destroyed, which was the festival of Chengdu Yin and Jiannan Xichuan. In the winter of the first year of Dazhong, he befriended Li Deyu, changed to Tanzhou secretariat and Hunan observer, and later dropped to Fuzhou secretariat. Linghu Mao went on strike, entered the DPRK as the minister of war, and returned to Chengdu Yin and Jiannan Xichuan as ambassadors. Dead, presented to Stuart, Shi said.
Chapter III: The introduction of Ye Li by the ancient poets of poetic soul. -A.D. 784), was born in Wucheng (now Xing Wu, Zhejiang), later a female Taoist priest and a famous poetess in the middle Tang Dynasty. In his later years, he was called into the palace. In 784 AD, he was ordered by Dezong to be killed with a disorderly stick because he had fought against the general Zhu Yun. Ye Li's poems are good at five words, and he won an award for his works. Chen, a poet in Song Dynasty, recorded a volume of "Li Jilan Collection" in "Jie Zhi Zhai Problem", which has been lost today, with only 16 poems left.
all one's life
She is handsome and talented. She showed a gift for poetry from an early age. At the age of six, she wrote a poem about roses: She was in a confused state when she was old. Frame, homophonic marriage. ? Her father thinks this poem is unknown: the woman who knew she was going to marry at an early age was confused, and when she grew up, she was afraid to be a woman with bad conduct. Unfortunately, my father told me to become a monk. She is handsome in appearance, obsessed with calligraphy, romantic in nature, elegant and playful, good at playing the piano, especially good at meter. At that time, the famous writer (Hung-chien) and the unconventional stone were very similar to her, and the famous poet was also closely related to her. She is also very close to Han Yi, Yan Bojun, Xiao Shuzi and others. Among them, poems such as "Farewell" and "Farewell to Twenty-six to Shan County" swept away the shyness of female writers and made men and women communicate calmly and freely, which is rare in the history of the next thousand years. During the Tianbao period, Xuanzong heard that she had a talent for poetry and specially called her to Beijing to enter the palace. At that time, she had entered her twilight years and was living in the famous Huadu Guangling. After receiving the order, I had to go north. She has Seven Laws, Enming's Remembrance of the Old Friends in Guangling, and Summary of the Four Ku Books, which are not classified as works and seem to lack basis.
Liu Changqing appreciated Ye Li's poems very much and called her a poetess. Gao Zhongwu's evaluation: A scholar has a hundred lines, while a woman has only four virtues. Ji Lan is not. Modeling is both masculine and poetic. Seen from below, it is rare. It is also said that she is less than Ban Ji (Jieyu) and more than Han Ying (Lan Ying). Don't be late, but also handsome. She, together with, and, are called the four great poetesss in the Tang Dynasty.
Chapter IV: Introduction to the Soul of Ancient Poets Li Chen (8 10-859), Han nationality, the 18th emperor of the Tang Dynasty (reigned in 847 and 859, not counting the Wu Zhou regime), was originally named Li Yi, whose word was Guangwang. After the death of Wu Zong, it was founded by eunuch Ma and his great-uncle Huang. On 13. Throughout Xuanzong's 50-year life, he made unremitting efforts for the inheritance of his ancestors, which undoubtedly delayed the decline of the Tang Empire, but he could not completely reverse this trend. Xuanzong is insightful in nature, selfless in usage, full of ideas, cherishing official rewards, respecting frugality and loving civil affairs. Therefore, the administration of Dazhong ended with the death of Emperor Taizong, and people thought about it and called it Little Taizong. Another student of China Communication University, newcomer Li Chen.
all one's life
Li Chen was the son of Xian Zong and the younger brother of Mu Zong. Zhiwen, uncle of Wu Zong. He was the last emperor worth mentioning in the late Tang Dynasty.
Since Wu Zong never established a prince, when he was dying. Eunuch Ma Li became emperor. ? As soon as Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty ascended the throne, he expelled the prime minister of the Wuzong Dynasty and the important ministers of the late Tang Dynasty from the court. Until his death, Li Deyu failed to return to the DPRK. And reuse the image of the party. The struggle between Niu and Li lasted for decades, and finally ended in Li's complete failure.
Xuanzongqin devoted himself to political affairs and worked hard to govern the country. He likes reading Zhenguan dignitaries very much. He rectified the bureaucracy and restricted the intimacy between the emperor and eunuchs. He retaliated against all the officials who died in the Mana Rebellion except Zheng Li, and tried to eradicate eunuchs, but in view of the experience of the previous Mana Rebellion, he failed to take action.
In foreign relations, he defeated Tubo and recovered Hehuang. This was Tang's only military victory over Tubo after the Anshi Rebellion.
In May of the 13th year of Dazhong (859), Xuanzong was poisoned by taking elixir, and his physical condition was extremely poor, so he could not go to court for more than a month. In August, Xuanzong, who was terminally ill, died. The harem changes frequently, and Xuanzong doesn't know. He has always trusted the Prime Minister Ling Hushuo to take photos of Nakazawa Tomohide, be responsible for mourning and do one last thing for him. The ministers went to posthumous title to say, "Emperor Wen of the Holy Wu is now filial", and the hall number was Xuanzong. In February of the following year, he was buried in Ling Zhen.
Historically, when Xuanzong was in power, he burned three fires, one made Quan Hao disappear, the other made the treacherous court official fear the law, and the third made the palace master angry, praising him as a wise monarch and an English master. Throughout Xuanzong's 50-year life, he made unremitting efforts for the inheritance of his ancestors, which undoubtedly delayed the decline of the Tang Empire, but he could not completely reverse this trend. When the building is about to collapse, who has the ability to turn the tide? !
Xuanzong is insightful in nature, selfless in usage, full of ideas, cherishing official rewards, respecting frugality and loving civil affairs. Therefore, the administration of Dazhong ended with the death of Emperor Taizong, and people thought about it and called it Little Taizong.
Chapter five: Poets with Soul introduced Li Mi (722 ~ 789), Jingzhao, Tang and Shaanxi (now xi 'an, Shaanxi). Xuanzong, Suzong, Daizong, and the Four Dynasties were prime ministers, and were named Ye County Hou, who was called Hou in the world. He is a hermit given by the first emperor of South Vietnam. Su Zong built a house for him at the side of the temple under the misty peak in Nanyue, called Duanshi, and later called Yehou Academy. It is the oldest academy in the history of Chinese academy. Li Mi lived here for 12 years (757 ~ 768), and lived a life of self-cultivation, indulgence in landscapes and extensive reading. The end room is also the earliest private library in China. There is a saying in "Send Zhuge Jue to Suizhou to study" that Ye Hou's family has many books, including 30,000 axes, which shows that there are many books in South Vietnam. He studied Daoism with Mr. Xuanhe and Zhang Taixu, and had deep contacts with the lazy and disabled monk (Ming Zan Zen Master) and other eminent monks, and he wrote Yang He Pian and Ming Xin Lun. He is especially good at poetry, such as Fu, Jiu Ding Yi (one saying is two articles), Wang Wan's Jianning Ci, Bagong Poetry and so on. There are 20 volumes of collected works. He is good at calligraphy. Up to now, there are still three large stone carvings on the stone wall on the side of Fuyan Temple, which have been handed down from generation to generation for Li Bishan's calligraphy when he was studying in middle school. This place is famous for its splendid platform. In the late autumn, it was given to Prince Taifu, and his son (former Suizhou secretariat) built Nanyue Academy on the left side of Nanyue Temple. For thousands of years, Li Bi has been a legend of Hengshan Mountain in Nanyue, praised by Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism.