How is the technique of stream of consciousness expressed in Ulysses?

Joyce, an Irish writer, is one of the most important representatives of modernist literature. Ulysses is Joyce's most important work and a typical stream-of-consciousness novel.

(1) The narrative focus is completely shifted from the outside to the inside.

Different from traditional novels, the narrative focus of stream-of-consciousness novels has completely shifted from the outside to the inside, that is, the consciousness of the characters, but the stream of consciousness of the characters is by no means isolated and closed from the outside world. On the one hand, all the characters' past experiences and many feelings there at that time appeared in the stream of consciousness at this time in disorder and intermittently, from which it is not difficult for careful researchers to "clean up"; On the other hand, it is the external world that triggers a steady stream of consciousness.

(2) It truly shows the original state of people's conscious activities.

The stream of consciousness is obviously different from the coherent, logical and orderly inner course in traditional novels. The novel traces the primitive state of the characters' consciousness activities, and its stream of consciousness is erratic, which is not limited by time, space and logic. This superficial disorder actually shows the original state of people's conscious activities very truly. It not only reflects people's deeper understanding of their own conscious activities inspired by the achievements of modern psychology, but also is an important breakthrough in literature's psychological description of traditional novels. In a word, in Ulysses, the stream of consciousness of the characters is the externalization of the internal characteristics of the characters in a specific situation, and in the jumping and randomness, the past experiences, upbringing and temperament of the characters are revealed everywhere. For example, Bloom's stream of consciousness is always pragmatic, concrete and ordinary, involving nothing more than daily life, which shows that he knows the world and has a sense of humor. Stephen's stream of consciousness often quotes classics, which is both philosophical and poetic and full of metaphysical thoughts; The stream of consciousness in marion is more active, with brighter colors and more flowers and plants. She is generous by nature and has no scruples.

(3) The characters are "directly" presented to the readers.

In traditional novels, the narrator is omniscient and omnipotent. Contrary to this situation, in Ulysses, the writer seems to have "quit" the novel, and the characters seem to have passed the writer and been "directly" shown to the readers.