History of Peking Opera
Peking Opera was formed in Beijing during Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty (it is said that it was formed during Daoguang period). Its predecessor was Hui Opera, commonly known as Pihuang Opera, which was the most popular in Tongzhi and Guangxu years.
Huizhou Opera entered Beijing in A.D. 1790 (the 55th year of Qing Qianlong). The earliest Huizhou Opera Troupe entered Beijing was the prestigious "Sanqing Class" in Anhui. Later, there were four classes in Beijing, such as "Four Happiness", "River Lip" and "Chuntai", which were collectively called "Huizhou Class Four".
During the Daoguang period, Han was transferred to Beijing and absorbed by the tune, forming a confluence of Hui and Han tune. Strictly speaking, the two names should be different: Er Quan only represents the original emblem tune, while Piquan is a new emblem tune including Xipi. By the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, it was called Pihuang Opera. During Guangxu and Xuantong years, Jingpi Spring Class went to Shanghai to perform one after another. Because the "Leather Spring" sung by the Beijing class is different from the "Leather Spring" sung by Anhui, it is more pleasant, so it is called "Beijing Tune" to show the difference. After the Republic of China, the pear orchards in Shanghai were all controlled by the Beijing School, so they were officially called "Beijing Opera". "Peking Opera" originated in Shanghai and then spread to Beijing.
The formal formation of Peking Opera was about twenty years in Daoguang (1840). At this time, various aria formats of Beijing Opera have been preliminarily established, the language characteristics of Beijing Opera have been formed, and the role of Beijing Opera has also undergone new changes. A number of plays with the characteristics of Peking Opera have appeared, and the first generation of Peking Opera actors have also appeared: Yu Shengsan, Zhang Erkui and Cheng Changgeng are called the "three Ding Jia" of old pedants, and there are also old actors and Peking Opera. Cheng Changgeng is a representative figure in this period. He made more efforts than other Peking Opera actors in the same period in integrating Han Hui tune and absorbing Kunqu opera to transform and improve it. He made a great contribution to the formation of Peking Opera performance art and played a great role in the development of Peking Opera in later generations.
2. The word "national quintessence" refers to the essence of a country's inherent culture. In China, national quintessence refers to the most representative and unique cultural heritage of the Chinese nation, which is often welcomed by people. Chinese Peking Opera, Chinese painting and China medicine, which are well-known at home and abroad, are called "the three quintessences of China" by the world.
Lexical essence
Athena Chu Gukuy
Interpretation refers to the essence of a country's inherent culture.
Complete Essays of Contemporary Yin Qian and Yin Qian: "As an ancient civilization, China has many national quintessences. China's national quintessence Peking Opera is ill-fated and out of date. Nowadays, except for a few elderly people who can hum a few words, most young people can't stand the slow pace of silence. There has been another calligraphy craze in the quintessence of Chinese calligraphy, but its popularity is limited. As far as the popularization rate is concerned, what is the proportion of China people learning calligraphy? It seems that the national quintessence that is really carried forward by the Chinese people may be mahjong. "
China's three national quintessences are well-known at home and abroad, including Chinese Peking Opera, China Painting and China Medicine, and are called "the three national quintessences of China" by the world.
3. What are the words that describe the "quintessence of China"? They are: pearls falling on the jade plate, mountains and rivers flowing, springs tinkling, bells ringing, echoes circling the beam for three days, like pearls falling on the jade plate, diamond cut diamond, neck and neck, chess loses first.
Idiom: pearls fall on a jade plate.
Pinyin: zh Luo yápán
Commentary: The pearl fell on Baoyu's plate. The metaphor has a beautiful voice.
Source: Tang Juyi's Pipa Trip: "Hum, whisper-and then mix them together, like pouring large and small pearls into a plate of jade."
Example: Although I learned the Sichuan accent of Qingcheng School only after being seriously injured, it sounds like a jade plate scattered beads, which is very beautiful. (Jin Yong's "Tianlong Babu" back to the 19th)
Idiom: high mountains and flowing water
Pinyin: gāo shān Liu Shuǐ
Explanation: Metaphor is a bosom friend or bosom friend. It is also a metaphor for the beauty of music.
Source: Liezi Tang Wen: "Boya Guqin aims to climb mountains, and Zhong Ziqi said,' Well, I am as tall as Mount Tai. "For running water, he said,' Well, the ocean is like a river.' "
For example, Confucius and his teacher Xiang Xueqin were praised as the king of literature as soon as they practiced. High mountains and flowing water, you have to meet a bosom friend.
Pinyin code: gsls
Synonym: bosom friend is hard to find.
Lantern riddle: flying spring hanging blue peak
Usage: as an object; Metaphor music is sublime.
English: upgrade your character to lofty mountains and rushing water.
Story: During the Spring and Autumn Period, Yu Boya, a doctor in the State of Jin, was very good at playing the piano. He went to Ma 'anshan, Chu and met Zhong Ziqi. They talked about the rules of piano very speculatively. When Boya saw mountains and flowing water, he played a song. Zhong Ziqi said happily that there were rivers in Mount Tai. The two became bosom friends. The following year, Boya visited Zhong Ziqi and learned that Zhong Ziqi had passed away. He sadly destroyed the piano at the grave.
Make sentences:
1. Mountains and rivers sing: There are songs when you are free.
Second, people often say that mountains and rivers are flowing, and it is hard to find a confidant. There is some truth in this statement.
3. Niagara Mountain is located on the Niagara River.
Fourth, mountains and rivers flow, and you can't listen unless you are a confidant. wen tianxiang
Although his works are beautiful, it is a pity that mountains and rivers flow and bosom friends are hard to find.
4. What are the idioms to describe Beijing Opera? 1. Clear pronunciation and mellow voice: Chinese idiom, which means (speaking or singing) clear pronunciation and mellow voice (mostly used in traditional Chinese opera or Quyi).
Source: Levin's Biography of Hu Xueyan.
2. methodical: refers to speaking and doing things very methodically; Or refers to the way of speaking, tone of voice.
Source: Yang Kuangman, Guo Baochen's Destiny X
3. The lingering sound: describes the beautiful singing or music, and the lingering sound is endless. It is also a metaphor that poetry is meaningful and intriguing.
Source: Liezi Tang Wen by Lieyukou in the Warring States Period.
4. Economic transformation:
Source: Excerpts from Peking Opera Feng Haichao.
5. Combine rigidity with softness: Combine rigidity with softness.
Source: Zhou Yimeng
Other idioms describing Peking Opera:
6. see the edges and corners, 7. Simple and straightforward, 8. Abandoned holes.
Peking Opera (China Drama Art (a typical representative of national quintessence))
Peking Opera, once called Pingju, is one of the five major dramas in China, with Xipi and Huanger as the main accents, accompanied by huqin and gongs and drums. It is regarded as the quintessence of China, ranking first among China operas.
5. The quintessence of Peking Opera is "blue-faced Dou Erdun steals horses, while red-faced Guan Gong fights Changsha.". Dian Wei's yellow-faced woman, Cao Cao's white-faced woman, Zhang Fei's black-faced chirp ... "Whenever I sing this excerpt from Singing Facebook, I feel a sense of pride. Peking Opera, a drama with a history of more than 200 years; After the development, reform and innovation of several generations of masters, it was finally called a form of traditional Chinese opera. A performance mode including "singing, reading, doing and playing", a business classification of "healthy, Dan, clean and ugly" and an accompaniment structure of "skin, yellow, gong and drum" are really a comprehensive performing art. In the eyes of foreigners, Peking Opera is the representative of China's ancient civilization for thousands of years. They often say that the costumes, figure, accompaniment and singing of Beijing Opera are beautiful. Really beautiful!
The third stage of Peking Opera is a pearl in the treasure house of traditional acrobatics in China. Peking Opera masks, Peking Opera vocals and Peking Opera performances are colorful, wonderful, novel, national and exaggerated. Let children get in touch with Peking Opera, appreciate its classic fragments, make Peking Opera masks and get addicted to Peking Opera performances, which can not only cultivate children's interest in Peking Opera, but also experience the special beauty of Chinese Peking Opera, and improve children's understanding and love of China's traditional cultural tricks.
The fourth paragraph: Beijing opera, a drama with a history of more than 200 years; After the development, reform and innovation of several generations of masters, it was finally called a form of traditional Chinese opera. A performance mode including "singing, reading, doing and playing", a business classification of "healthy, Dan, clean and ugly" and an accompaniment structure of "skin, yellow, gong and drum" are really a comprehensive performing art. In the eyes of foreigners, Peking Opera is the representative of China's ancient civilization for thousands of years. They often say that the costumes, figure, accompaniment and singing of Beijing Opera are beautiful. Really beautiful!
6. Idioms describing "national quintessence" What idioms describe "national quintessence"? Beads fall on a jade plate, and the echo of flowing water in the mountains lingers for three days.
Idiom: pearls fall on a jade plate.
Pinyin: zh Luo yápán
Commentary: The pearl fell on Baoyu's plate. The metaphor has a beautiful voice.
Source: Tang Juyi's Pipa Trip: "Hum, whisper-and then mix them together, like pouring large and small pearls into a plate of jade."
Example: Although I learned the Sichuan accent of Qingcheng School after being seriously injured, it sounds like a jade plate, which is very nice. (Jin Yong's "Tianlong Babu" back to the 19th)
Pinyin code: zlyp
Idiom: high mountains and flowing water
Pinyin: gāo shān Liu Shuǐ
Explanation: Metaphor is a bosom friend or bosom friend. It is also a metaphor for the beauty of music.
Source: Liezi Tang Wen: "Boya Guqin aims to climb mountains, and Zhong Ziqi said,' Well, I am as tall as Mount Tai. "For running water, he said,' Well, the ocean is like a river.' "
For example, Confucius and his teacher Xiang Xueqin were praised as the king of literature as soon as they practiced. High mountains and flowing water, you have to meet a bosom friend. Cao Qingxue Qin's "Dream of Red Mansions" back to the eighty-sixth?
Pinyin code: gsls
Synonym: bosom friend is hard to find.
Idiom: the sound is lingering.
Pinyin: yúyιn ni m:o ni m:o
Explanation: Describe music as pleasing to the ear and intoxicating.
Source: Stone's "Qianchibi Fu": "Its voice is full of anger, such as resentment, such as weeping; The lingering sound is endless. "
Make sentences with examples:
Pinyin code: yynn
Synonym: lingering sound
Idiom: three days around the beam
Pinyin: rà aoliang sā n rí
Description: describes the high-pitched and exciting music, although it seems to be echoing for a long time.
Source: "Liezi Tang Wen": "In the past, Korea and Hubei were in need of food. He passed by Yong Men and pretended to eat while singing. When I left, the sound lingered for three days, with my own people. "
For example, make a sentence: see "reverberation around the beam"
Pinyin code: rlsr
Synonym: The lingering sound is beautiful.
Antonym: I can't stand it, and the ghost cries wolf.
Idiom: endless.
Pinyin: b juérúlǐ
Interpretation: absolutely: broken; Wisp: thin thread. Describe a critical situation or intermittent low voice or breathing.
Source: "Biography of the Ram in the Fourth Year of Xi Gong": "Yi Di also, because of China's urgent pain, Nanyi has been in contact with this Di, and China has never stopped."
At the concert, the actors' songs are endless.
Pinyin code: bjrl
Synonym: as dangerous as an egg.
Antonym: unbreakable, safe and reliable.