Nursery rhymes, short poems for children. Emphasis on meter and rhyme. Usually passed down orally.
It is believed that many nursery rhymes were gradually processed and spread based on idioms in ancient rituals, or were processed based on themes from later historical events.
There are different nursery rhymes across the country
Especially the nursery rhymes in different dialects have their own characteristics
Some of the same dialects
Nursery rhymes are generally different. It is of great educational use to children
Nursery rhymes also have exaggerated metaphors, which are very helpful to improve children's imagination
Nursery rhymes are full of childlike interest
The same There will also be different versions in dialects
Shu Peihua:
Nursery rhymes are also called children’s songs. They are songs circulated among children. They are mainly spoken, and some are also rapped and sung. , and one who sang to the end. The reason why it has been passed down from generation to generation is that in addition to being simple and vivid, with loud rhythm and humor, it is mainly suitable for children's psychology. When babies are young, adults usually tell children to listen, and when they are older, they spread it among their playmates. In fact, the children do not understand the meaning of the lyrics deeply, they only seem to understand but not understand, they just find it interesting and fun, and they feel happy. And I still like to listen to old Beijing nursery rhymes, probably to a large extent because it has a Beijing flavor - the rhymes and minor tunes in Erhua rhyme sound so rhythmic and interesting.
In my impression, the first nursery rhyme I heard and remembered seems to be the phrase "The wind is coming, the rain is coming, the old monk is coming with a drum on his back", and it seems to be "Momo Mo Mo Mo" Du'er, open a small shop and sell oil, salt, sauce and vinegar." I asked my mother not sure, but she said: "I remember it was the song that taught you to recognize the five fingers: 'Brother Thumb, Brother Two Thumb, Bell and Drum Tower, Huguo Temple, Little Niuniu, I love to listen to opera'." Which one is it? It doesn’t matter if it’s one song, but I still remember the two sentences my grandpa taught me: “Zhao Qian and Sun Li, the master steals rice; Zhou Wu and King Zheng, the master’s wife wets the bed.” Needless to say, I definitely can’t recite this from the book. After a few naughty boys were punished, they worked together to punish the teacher in the private school.
The most widely circulated song is the song "Little Boy Sitting on the Gate". There are almost no older Beijingers who don’t know how to do this. Until the early 1960s, this nursery rhyme was still the "main children's song" for adults to coax their children - "Little boy, sitting on the doorstep, crying and shouting for a wife. What do you want a wife for? Light a lamp and talk. "Blow out the lamp and be my companion; I will comb your pigtails tomorrow morning." According to the explanation of cartoon master Mr. Fang Cheng, why this nursery rhyme makes children laugh is because it "takes advantage of the contradiction between the childish psychology of children and the adult world. It creates a funny effect." As far as I know, "Little Boy" alone has several jokes, some about sitting on a well platform, some on a temple platform, and there are even multiple versions of the same song. It doesn’t matter if you add lyrics impromptu or change the words, as long as the children are happy when singing, it is enough.
More than sixty years have passed like a spinning top. Many past events have faded in my memory, but the nursery rhymes of my childhood have never been forgotten. If there was a "ranking list of old Beijing nursery rhymes", then these two songs would definitely be on the list. One song is: "Little mouse, get on the lampstand; steal oil to eat, can't get off; squeak, squeak, call grandma, grandma brings a bun to coax him down." Another song is: "little bench, four legs, I ate melon seeds for my grandma. Grandma thought I was eating too slowly, so I cooked a bowl of noodles for her; grandma thought I didn’t put enough oil on it, so I kowtowed to her. "The previous song is about a lovely old woman holding her hand. With the fragrant steamed buns, he coaxed the mouse that had sneaked onto the lampstand to steal some oil to eat. I guess that in the old woman's mind, that greedy little mouse is the grandson she is holding in her arms. The last song is very much like a comedy "I" and grandma co-acted: the child is filial, eating melon seeds and cooking noodles for grandma; but grandma deliberately finds fault with her, just to make her grandson happy. Only a few words, but how to think about how to be happy.
If the Little Boy series is sung for boys, then the following three songs are sung for little girls. One of them: "Sophora tree, Sophora tree, Sophora tree, Sophora tree, under the Sophora tree The stage. All the other girls are here, but my daughter is not here yet, but she comes right away, riding a donkey, holding an umbrella, with her buttocks bare and Zhuan'er on her arm." Second: "February 2 , pick up the baby, I feel uncomfortable walking, move a bench and let me sit for a while. Light a fire, smoke a cigarette, and ask your mother-in-law how many days will she stay? One month more, twenty days less."; Third: "Girl, you know how to look after the house; you steal old rice and exchange it for sesame seeds; the fine sesame seeds are fried with honey; the date cake is cooked over a hot fire. Hold the girl up and call her grandma." In fact, when adults tell children nursery rhymes, they don't think about anything at all. Girls and boys, sing whatever comes to mind for fun.
In my opinion, one of the old Beijing nursery rhymes is an alternative one, which uses people or things that are very familiar to children as introductions, and is extremely exaggerated and funny. Most likely these nursery rhymes were made up casually by old ladies to coax their grandchildren. I guess even I felt happy when I said it: "Golden hoops and sticks, heating the kang, grandpa playing the drums and grandma singing, singing until dawn", "Iron broad beans, grabbing a lot, marrying a wife and forgetting Mom.
If you want your mother, play with the fork, and if you play with the fork, the family will be separated." "The old man played with fireballs and burned his buttocks and put sesame oil on them; the old lady played with fire chopsticks and burned her buttocks and put coriander on them." "It's a good business to pull a rickshaw. , the uncle pulled the eldest grandma; the eldest grandma farted, and the uncle collapsed two miles away. "Children catch". There is also a type of nursery rhymes that contain allegories, but I only remember two of them: "In the twelfth lunar month of winter, heavy snow falls, and an old couple fights over the hot kang." The old man wants to sleep on the kang, but my wife won’t let him go! The old man picked up the kang broom, and the wife picked up the rolling pin. The old couple fought until dawn, but no one got to sleep on the hot kang"; and "On the third, thirteenth, and twenty-third day of the lunar month, the old couple kept the door closed while eating. The fly took away a grain of rice, and the old man put on his shoes and chased it to the west mountain. The old woman pinches her fingers to calculate at home, which is a waste of money, anger and expense." I still remember my mother telling me that during the Kuomintang rule, prices soared, and the children loved to sing these two lines when they were playing tops: "Smoke the traitor (i.e. top), Smoking traitors and selling mixed noodles for a thousand. "It can be heard that this is the poor people venting their dissatisfaction with reality through the mouth of children.
I am more interested in nursery rhymes about playing games and rapping at the same time, like the one in which two people hold hands against each other to imitate a saw. : “Pull the big saw, pull the big saw, sing a big show at grandma’s house. I will pick up my daughter, invite my son-in-law, and my grandson will also go. He didn’t go away even if he was carrying it on his back, and he didn’t go away even if he held him. He just rolled away chattering. "There is also a song "Dahua Slap", with beautiful lyrics and beautiful tune. I like it very much. When playing, the two of them sat opposite each other and high-fived each other. They first said and then sang: "Hi, Dahua Slap, it's the first month of the year, the old lady loves you. Look at the lotus lantern. Burning incense, twisting the twist, jasmine, jasmine flowers, lotus root; Jiangxi La's Ai Kangjian..." The end of the word is full of flower names corresponding to the season, as if it is sung from the first month to September , unfortunately I can't understand the first paragraph. A few additional explanations: "Lotus lanterns" are colorful lanterns held by children on the night of the 15th day of the seventh lunar month during the traditional festival. It is made up of petals, so it is called lotus lantern. There are also half-lit small red candles inserted in the middle of the lotus leaves, and they are played all over the street.
As the saying goes: after Laba Festival, it is the New Year. As soon as the New Year is over, the flavor of the New Year becomes stronger day by day. When I was young, like all children, the most anticipated thing was the New Year. At the same time, children’s songs accompanied by tender children’s voices also filled the alleys with the arrival of the New Year. And in the courtyard - "Children, don't be greedy, it's New Year after Laba Festival"; "How many days to drink Laba porridge, it's twenty-three; twenty-three, sticky melons; twenty-four, house cleaning day" ; Twenty-five, frozen tofu; Twenty-six, go buy meat; Twenty-seven, slaughter the rooster; Twenty-eight, make the noodles; Twenty-nine, steam the steamed buns; Thirty-six, stay up all night, New Year's Day "Walking all over the streets"; "Tangguas are offered to the stove, the New Year is coming; girls want flowers, boys want cannons; old men want new felt hats"; "Three stars are in the south, and every family pays New Year greetings; the younger generation kowtows, and the older generation gives them "Money; if you don't have money, just turn your face and leave". The customs and sentiments of old Beijing reflected in these nursery rhymes with the flavor of the year have mostly been submerged in the dust of history, and today's children cannot appreciate it.
In the small courtyard, under the stars and in the evening breeze, the scene of my mother coaxing me to sing nursery rhymes seemed like yesterday. After a moment of meditation, a custom painting of ancient city life unfolded in front of me, so simple and leisurely. So peaceful. I think that every child at that time walked out of the courtyards and alleys singing nursery rhymes of old Beijing. I hope that children today can have a few nursery rhymes of their own that will remain in their warm memories forever.
What is a good nursery rhyme? Jin Bo, a famous children's literature writer and professor at Capital Normal University, believes that good nursery rhymes are chicken soup for the soul, which can nourish children's hearts and help them grow healthily. Together with many people in Beijing who are passionate about education, they are committed to promoting new nursery rhymes among young people.
Jin Bo believes that singing good nursery rhymes is very helpful for cultivating children’s literary literacy. It is the easiest literary style for children to master. For those lower grade students who do not recognize many words and have difficulty reading, they can not only get happiness but also learn some knowledge by singing nursery rhymes, which is very helpful for children to form a good Aesthetic taste and aesthetic ability. ”
Nursery rhymes are rich in content and diverse in expression, and are often inseparable from music. Jin Bo believes that nursery rhymes themselves are a strong link, and are deeply related to many arts such as dance and painting. Singing nursery rhymes can help cultivate children's musical quality and improve their overall quality. For example, the No. 1 Affiliated Primary School of Normal University in Xuanwu District, Beijing, not only encourages children to sing nursery rhymes, but also encourages children to perform nursery rhymes and draw scenes from the nursery rhymes. Benefit from many aspects. When it comes to children's participation in the creation of nursery rhymes, Jin Bo believes that it is most ideal to start with new nursery rhymes, and it is also most in line with children's nature. Writing nursery rhymes is not as difficult for children as writing novels and making up stories. Practical creation by oneself can mobilize children's nature.
Professor Liu Jingduo, who specializes in moral education research at the Central Institute of Education, believes that good nursery rhymes are conducive to the formation of children's values. The function of judgment and value judgment is to praise good things and ridicule bad things. The singing of good nursery rhymes is conducive to integrating value concepts into children's hearts. At the same time, its function of praise and blame is conducive to the exercise of children's ability to distinguish right from wrong. .
He believes that singing nursery rhymes is a very good way of communication. It not only helps children to vent their emotions, but is also the key to spiritual communication between children and children, and between children and adults.
“Nursery rhymes are like compressed biscuits, which combine the excellent achievements of Chinese traditional culture and the traditional factors of the world’s excellent culture. Its cultural and moral content are very high and are in line with children’s interests.” Liu Jingduo said.