Luo Shen
The Ode to Luo Shen is a famous poem written by Cao Zhi, a writer of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period in China. Cao Zhi imitates the description of Wushan Goddess in Song Yu's Ode to Goddess in the Warring States Period, and tells the story of his meeting with Luoshen by the Luoshui River. He draws lessons from Song Fu in story plot and character description. This poem fictionalizes the author's own encounter with Luo Shen and their yearning and love for each other. The image of Luo Shen is absolutely beautiful, and the love between man and God is vague, but it can't be combined because of the different ways of man and God, and finally expresses infinite sadness and disappointment. The whole article can be roughly divided into six paragraphs: in the first paragraph, when the writer returned to the fief from Luoyang, he saw "Beauty" Fu Fei standing on the cliff; The second paragraph is about the beauty of Fu Fei's dress. In the third paragraph, the writer loves Luo Shen very much. She knows etiquette and is good at words. Although the author has expressed her true feelings and given her a token, she is worried about being cheated and extremely loves her. In the fourth paragraph, I write about the situation after Luo Shen felt sincere for the "king"; The fifth paragraph is the meaning of the whole article; In the sixth paragraph, the author misses Luo Shen after writing goodbye. All the poems are colorful, delicate in description, rich in imagination, and full of emotion, if there is sustenance.
Luo Shen, also known as Fu Fei, the goddess in ancient myths and legends in China, is the daughter of Fu Xishi. She was infatuated with the beautiful scenery on both sides of the Luohe River and came to Luoyang. Cao Zhi's Ode to the Goddess of Luo is a masterpiece describing her through the ages (whether it is through her description of Zhen Fu is controversial). There are 311 chapters of Xiao Kuang in Tai Ping Guang Ji and 32 chapters of Legend in Lei Shu, which describe the affair between Xiao Kuang and Luoshen.
Cao Zhi (December 27, 1992-232), born in Peiguoqiao County (now Bozhou City, Anhui Province), was born in Dongwuyang (now shenxian county, Juancheng), the third son of Cao Cao and Empress Wu Xuanbian. He was Chen Wang before his death, and posthumous title "thought" after his death.
Cao Zhi was a famous writer of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms period. As one of the representatives and epitomizers of Jian 'an literature, he was promoted to the position of an article model in the Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties. His representative works include Luo Shen Fu, White Horse Piece and Seven Sorrow Poems. Later generations called him "Three Caos" together with Cao Cao and Cao Pi because of his literary attainments.
His poems are good at vigorous brushwork and lyrical thrush, and there are 3 volumes left, which have been lost. Today, the Collection of Cao Zijian is compiled by Song people. Cao Zhi's prose also has the characteristics of "elegance and resentment, style and quality", and its variety is rich and diverse, which makes him achieve outstanding achievements in this respect. Xie Lingyun, a writer in the Southern Song Dynasty, commented that "there is only one stone in the world, and Cao Zijian monopolizes eight fights". Zhong Rong, the author of "Poetry", also praised Cao Zhi for his "extraordinary character, colorful words and Hua Mao, elegant feelings and resentment, and his body is literary, which overflows the present and stands out from the rest." As the highest-ranking poet in the whole book "Shi Pin" and the founder of China's lyric character, he has the historical position of "a generation of poets" in the history of poetry. Wang Shizhen commented that poets in the two thousand years since the Han and Wei Dynasties were called "immortals", and Cao Zhi, Li Bai and Su Shi were three people.
Controversy on the theme
There has always been great controversy about the theme of this Fu, and there are three main viewpoints at present.
The first viewpoint: Zhen Shi said
that the "goddess Luo" in Cao Zhi's Ode to the Goddess Luo refers to her sister-in-law Zhen Shi.
Cao Zhi is gifted, well-read and memorized, and he can write poems and fu at the age of ten, which is quite appreciated by Cao Cao and his aides. At that time, Cao Cao was obsessed with his hegemony, and Cao Pi was also granted an official position, while Cao Zhi was able to get along with Zhen Fei day and night because he was still young and didn't like war by nature, thus giving birth to a feeling. After the death of Cao Cao, Cao Pi ascended the throne in the 26th year of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty (22 years), and made Luoyang his capital, for Wei Wendi. Wei was founded. Zhen Shi was made a princess, and she fell out of favor because of color decline. It is said that when she died, she stuffed her mouth with chaff and covered her face with hair, which was very miserable.
In the year when Empress Zhen died, Cao Zhi went to Luoyang to meet his brother. Cao Cao, the prince of Zhen Housheng, accompanied his uncle to dinner. Cao Zhi looked at his nephew and remembered the death of Empress Zhen. His heart was very sour. After dinner, Cao Pi then gave Cao Zhi the jade carving gold belt pillow, a relic of Zhen.
Cao Zhi sees things and thinks about people. When he returned to the fief, he stayed in the boat all night. In a trance, he saw Zhen Feiling coming from afar against the wind. Cao Zhi was startled and woke up. It turned out to be a dream of Nan Ke. Back in Juancheng, Cao Zhi's mind was still churning with the scene of meeting with Luoshui after Zhen, so he was full of thoughts and wrote an essay "Feeling Zhen Fu". Four years later (in 234), eight years after Ming Di Cao Cao succeeded to the throne, it was changed to "Ode to Luoshen" to avoid anonymity. Because of the influence of this Fu, and people are moved by the love tragedy between Cao Zhi and Zhen Shi, it is said from old times that Empress Zhen was regarded as a goddess of Luo.
The second view: The King said
This view holds that the so-called "Luo Shen" is not Zhen Shi, and even Cao Zhi and Zhen Shi have never had an affair.
Liu Kezhuang, a Song Dynasty man, said that this is a good thing, and that people "make things after the Zhen Dynasty to be real". Wang Shizhen, a Ming Dynasty scholar, added, "If Luo Shen sees it, it will make him laugh at his father's ears." In the Qing Dynasty, He Chao, Zhu Gan, Pan Deyu, Ding Yan, Zhang Yun and others opposed Luo Shen, namely Zhen Shi.
To sum up their arguments, there are probably the following points:
First, Cao Pi was 18 when he was in Zhen Shi, Zhen Shi was 23, and Cao Zhi was only 13. Cao Zhi is unlikely to think too much about a married woman ten years older than herself. Because of the political struggle between Pi and Zhi's brothers, they were already very nervous. If "Feeling Zhen Fu" was written for Zhen Shi, wouldn't it be a lust for love and fear of losing their heads?
Second, plotting against a brother's wife is "an evil deed of an animal". "It defiles his brother's wife while his brother is ruthless, and it defiles his brother's son's mother while his brother is ruthless. How can he be an emperor?" From the perspective of Cao Zhi's behavior, although there are also behaviors that are laissez-faire and informal, he will never do anything that violates ethics, such as adultery with uncles and sisters.
thirdly, the legend of uncle and sister-in-law love began with Shan Li's quotation of Ji in the Tang Dynasty, which had not been said for more than 4 years. And Shan Li said in the "Record" that Wen Di Cao Pi showed Cao Zhi the pillow after Zhen and gave it to Cao Zhi. "Old people don't do what they want," let alone emperors. Extremely unreasonable, obviously nonsense.
fourthly, Ganzhen Fu does have its own text, but Zhen is not Zhen after Zhen, but Juan City. "Gan" and "Zhen" are connected. Cao Zhi was the king of Juancheng the year before he wrote this essay. The title "Feeling Zhen" is actually that Cao Zhi is sentimental about himself as the king of Juancheng.
Fifthly, the article Ganzhen Fu is "an excuse for Fu Fei to express his heart to the Emperor", "he is also bent on his ambition" and "it is purely a word of loving the monarch and missing the throne", that is to say, it is said in the Fu that "the heart is always attached to the king". Cao Zhi has indicated in his fu that "he felt Song Yu's concern for the Goddess of Chu, so he wrote Si Fu", which is based on Song Yu's two fu works, Goddess Fu and Gaotang Fu. It may be addressed to his brother Wei Wendi Cao Pi. Metaphor is more popular.
Third view: Cui Shi, the late wife, said
All along, the theory of Zhen Shi has occupied the mainstream, and the theory of kings has emerged from time to time. A few years ago, another view emerged in academic circles, that Luo Shenfu actually described Cao Zhi's dead wife Cui Shi. Cui Shi, the daughter of Cui Yan, a famous brother, married Cao Zhi as his wife, and was later killed by Cao Cao because she was dressed too luxuriously. ("The History of the Three Kingdoms" Pei Songzhi quoted Shi Yu as saying: I planted my wife's clothes and embroidered them, and I went to the stage to see them, in order to violate the order and return home to give me a death. After many years, Cao Zhi didn't continue the main room. In fact, Luo Shenfu was written by Cao Zhi after remembering the good times he spent with his wife Cui Shi. Its image is vivid and concrete, and it never seems to be imagined. Among them, "the money you pay attention to as soon as possible is real, and you are afraid of my bullying." I feel awkward and hesitant. " Four sentences, complaining about why his wife left herself alone in those years, which made the "way of man and god" different at the moment, and separated heaven from man. "Although I am in the sun, I have a long heart for the king." It is a psychological description of Cui Shi. Although he is in the underworld, he still misses Cao Zhi in his heart. "Sigh about the unparalleled melon, and sing about the solitude of Petunia." The melon was originally a whole, but now there is no horse. The petunia and the Weaver Maid were originally a pair, and now there is only one person left, all of which reflect the situation of being separated by pairs, to describe Cao Zhi and Cui Shi and their suitability, and to describe Zhen Shi is really inappropriate. Here, I just throw a brick to attract jade, and point out a thing or two. For details, please refer to the printed literature and experience it carefully.