The original meaning of "ancient poetry" refers to the poems written by ancient literati.
Before and after Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, there appeared a number of five-character poems written by scholars before Wei and Jin, which had no title and no author. Most of them are lyric poems with unique expressive techniques and artistic styles, which are collectively called "ancient poems". Arrive in Baidicheng early > Baidicheng-The former site is located on Dongbaidi Mountain in fengjie county, Sichuan Province, close to the Yangtze River.
Jiangling-now jiangling county, Hubei Province, is located in the east of Baidicheng 1200. Li Bai in Tang Dynasty, Lushan Mountain in Jiangxi Province, Li Bai in Tang Dynasty and Yellow Crane Tower in Wuchang, Hubei Province.
Wang Anshi, Song Dynasty, Guazhou: Place name, on the bank of the South Yangtze River in Hanjiang District, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province. Jingkou: Place name, now Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, across the river from Guazhou.
Zhongshan: Jiangning (now Nanjing, Jiangsu) is a famous mountain. Purple Mountain in Nanjing today.
The author has lived in Jiangning for a long time, so he takes Zhongshan (now called Zijinshan) as his residence. The Yangtze River originates from the southwest side of the main peak of Tanggula on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (33 28' north latitude and 9108' east longitude), and the end of the source glacier is more than 5,400 meters above sea level.
The main stream flows through Qinghai, * *, Sichuan, Yunnan, Chongqing, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu, Shanghai 1 1 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, and flows into the East China Sea east of Chongming Island, with a total length of more than 6,300 kilometers, ranking third in the world, second only to the Nile in Africa and the Amazon in South America. Therefore, the process sequence is: send Baidicheng early, bid farewell to Meng Haoran on the way to Yangzhou, see Lushan Waterfall and visit Guazhou. Examination skills: 1. First of all, you should understand what this poem is saying. No matter what it asks, it is best to translate the sentences it asks in plain language (that is, beautiful modern Chinese). 3. Then begin to explain the questions it asks: A If it asks, answer its meaning in poetry. B If it asks you the meaning of the sentence, you can translate it directly, and then say what thoughts and feelings it expresses. C If it asks about expression or skill, you should answer its advantages in combination with the original text, such as writing vividly and expressing the author's feelings more strongly.
Classical poetry is an important part of China's literary heritage and occupies a certain weight in high school Chinese textbooks. The national Chinese college entrance examination and the appreciation of ancient poems have been tested for seven years, and the difficulty is getting bigger and bigger, the types of questions are getting more and more perfect, and the number of questions is increasing year by year, which has become a highlight of preparing for the college entrance examination.
It is an urgent task for every Chinese teacher to cultivate and improve students' ability to appreciate ancient poetry from the aspects of teaching materials, college entrance examination, inheritance and innovation of literary heritage. So, how to cultivate students' ability to appreciate ancient poems? First of all, we should be good at guiding students to master basic appreciation methods.
As the saying goes, it is better to teach people to fish than to teach them to fish. In Chinese teaching, I mainly start from the following five aspects: 1. Taste expressive "poetic eyes" or "unforgettable eyes"
For example, Li Qingzhao's "Like a Dream" "It rained suddenly and the wind suddenly last night, so you don't need residual wine for a deep sleep. Ask the shutter man, Haitang is still there.
Do you know that?/You know what? Do you know that?/You know what? It should be green, fat, red and thin. The whole word "poetic eye" is "green, fat and red and thin", which is very expressive.
Its expressive force is embodied in its vividness and appropriateness. For example, writing leaves with the word "fat" not only means more and more, but also can be associated with moist and bright shapes, which is very accurate and concise; This is also reflected in emotional notes. For example, using the word "thin" to write flowers is not only small, but also can feel pity, and use the whole word to express sentimental emotions. Another example is Jia Dao's "Li Ning lives in seclusion", which says, "There are few neighbors, and the grass path enters an empty garden.
/The bird stopped in the tree by the pool and the monk knocked at the door. /color separation across the bridge, moving stones and moving cloud roots.
/come back here for a while, and you will keep your word during the quiet period. The word "you" in the title is the "eye in the title" and the key to understanding the whole poem.
Every couplet in the poem is closely linked with the word "seclusion". The first couplet is about the "seclusion" of residence: living in a corner, no one, quiet grass path and sparse empty garden. Parallel prose and neck couplets describe the "quietness" of the environment: parallel prose is lined with sounds, birds are singing in the trees by the pool, and the old monk gently knocks on the door in the bright moonlight, all of which show the quietness of the environment; Necklace writing from night to day, or from the perspective of the environment, but the vision is much broader, across the bridge, around the boulder, along the way, everywhere quiet, full of wild interest, the poet's inner joy arises spontaneously.
Couplets reveal the poet's longing for seclusion. It can be seen that the key to reading poetry lies in grasping "poetic eyes" and "inscribing eyes".
Second, analyze the ideological content of poetry. To correctly understand the ideological content of ancient poetry, the most fundamental thing is to learn to know people and comment on the world. As Mr. Lu Xun said, "To write a paper, it is best to take the whole article, the author and their social state into account, which is more conclusive."
For example, Li Qingzhao's Dream should be related to the background at that time: Li Qingzhao and Zhao Mingcheng were deeply in love, but "Yi Anshu couldn't bear to leave after a long time of not getting married" (Liu Yisheng's Song Ci), so we can understand the sentimental feelings of this word by asking questions and answering questions, and love flowers and cherish spring. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate ancient poetry, learn to know people and discuss the world, and grasp the tone and theme of poetry as a whole.
Third, explore the wonderful use of standard sentences. Ancient poems often quote allusions and turn them into poems, which are related to rich connotations.
To appreciate ancient poetry, we must understand the source and significance of allusions and poems, and explore the wonderful use of allusions and poems in ancient poetry. For example, in Jiang Kui's "Yangzhou Slow", "After ten miles in the spring breeze, the wheat is green".
In other words, Du Mu's poem "Spring Breeze Yangzhou Road Shili" was used. Its application here makes the former prosperity of Yangzhou City in sharp contrast with the present depression, which hurts the memory of the past.
Exploring the wonderful use of standardized sentences is the basis of accurately understanding ancient poetry. Fourth, experience the expressive effect of rhetorical devices.
In ancient poetry, for the needs of image and lyricism, various artistic techniques are often used to express it, among which the most important ones are metaphor, arousal, personification, exaggeration, duality, repetition and foil. If we grasp the expressive effect of these techniques, we can better understand the image of poetry and the author's feelings. How about "Liu Yong" and "Jasper Makeup".
2. What are the basic knowledge of poetry appreciation?
First, the expression skills
1.
Common narrative, description, lyricism and discussion.
2. Expression skills
① Rendering ② Contrast ③ Implication ④ Allusions ⑧ Symbol ⑧ Empathy ⑧ Suppression ⑨ Contrast.
3. Rhetoric
Rhetorical devices (metaphor, personification, contrast, metonymy, exaggeration, parallelism, contrast, allusions, rhetorical questions, rhetorical questions)
Second, the classification of poetry content
Farewell poems to friends, lyric poems to borrow scenery, poems to think about women, poems to express feelings about things, and poems to chant epic poems.
Travel poems, frontier poems, situational poems, pastoral poems.
Third, terms related to poetry appreciation
1, evaluation subject category 2, analysis technology category
3. Discussion class 4. Language style class
5. Writing skills 6. others
Four, familiar with several types of poetic language:
1, plain and simple 2, implicit and meaningful
3, fresh and elegant 4, vivid 5, gorgeous and elegant
Five, the different styles of poetry
1, bold 2, bold 3, depressed 4, sad
5, handsome 6, diluted 7, broad-minded.
Sixth, common thoughts and feelings in poetry.
1 When you are worried about your country and hurt your country, 2. Serve the country with meritorious service.
3. Nostalgia 4. Miscellaneous feelings of life 5. Farewell to Changting
7. Matters needing attention in evaluating the ideological content in the works.
1. Understanding the writer's life, thoughts and creative style is helpful to understand and grasp the content of his works.
2. An era has its own characteristics, and an era has its own literature. A correct understanding of the style and characteristics of an era is also helpful to accurately grasp the literary works of this era.
3. Many ancient poems have brief prefaces in front of them, some explain the creation time, some explain the creation reasons, some explain the creation process, some explain the creation background, and some lay the emotional tone for the whole work. Understanding the ideological content of the work is also very important and cannot be ignored.
4. The thoughts and feelings of most works are not single, which may be mixed with many very complicated emotions. Pay special attention to this point. Of course, readers can sometimes use their imagination on the basis of the original work and make a second creation.
Eight, the expression of poetry appreciation
Flexible use of commonly used terms of appreciation of ancient poetry, accurate and appropriate expression of their own "on poetry" experience.
"What to write": lyrical description of scenery; Recite things and express aspirations (feelings); Nostalgia for history; That is, feelings; Battle of frontier fortress; Landscape pastoral; Image; Artistic conception; Background; Main idea.
"How to write": romanticism; Realism; Poetic eyes; Lyric with scenery; Integrate feelings into the landscape; Say it out loud; Combination of reality and excess; Picturesque and vivid; Dynamic and static combination; Turn static into dynamic; Refine words; Take over and turn over; Fu Bixing; Exaggeration; Use allusions; Implicit; Confrontation; rhyme
"Why write": express the thoughts and feelings of; Reflect social reality; Show interest in; show interest in; Entrust feelings (such as admiration, melancholy, melancholy, depression, etc.). ). Express the pursuit of; Show a tendency to; Give off the feeling of ...; Show one's heart; Create the feeling of.
3. Poetry knowledge
The origin of the concept of poetry Poetry is a literary genre with subjective feelings. It reflects social life in a lyrical way, is highly concise and concentrated, and expresses thoughts and feelings in the form of rich imagination, rhythmic language and line arrangement.
Poetry is a rhythmic, rhythmic and colorful language art form, and it is also the oldest and most basic literary form in the world. Poetry originated from ancient social life and became a rhythmic and colorful language form because of labor production, sex and primitive religion.
"Shangshu Yu Shu": "Poetry expresses ambition, song expresses Tao, sound is eternal, law and harmony." "Book of Rites. Le ":"Poetry expresses ambition; Song, chanting its voice; Dance, move its capacity; The three are based on the heart, and then the instrument follows it. "
In the early days, poetry, song, music and dance were integrated. Poetry is the lyrics, which are always sung with music and dance in actual performances. Later, poetry, song, music and dance developed independently and became independent adults. Poems and songs are collectively called poems.
The classification of poetic style is a complicated problem. Now just from a general point of view, simply talk about the poetic style of the Han, Wei, Six Dynasties, Tang and Song Dynasties.
Poems of the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties are generally called archaic poems, including ancient poems of Yuefu in the Han and Wei Dynasties, folk songs of Yuefu in the Southern and Northern Dynasties and literati poems in this period. Yuefu was originally the name of the official office.
Yuefu songs are collected by Yuefu organs and sung with music scores. The article "Wen Xin Diao Long Yuefu" says: "Where music is poetry, poetry is song.
From this, we can see the relationship between the three concepts of poetry, song and Yuefu: poetry refers to the lyrics made by poets, song refers to the music that matches poetry, and Yuefu refers to both. Later, the works written by copying the old theme of Yuefu or imitating Yuefu genre were also called Yuefu, although there was no soundtrack.
In the middle Tang Dynasty, Bai Juyi and others started the new Yuefu movement, created new themes and wrote current events, so it was called the new Yuefu. From the metrical point of view, the poetic style after the Tang Dynasty can be roughly divided into two categories: modern poetry and ancient poetry.
Modern poetry, also known as modern poetry, has certain meter. Classical poetry, also called archaic style, is written according to the practice of ancient poetry, and its form is relatively free, and it is not bound by metrical rules.
Judging from the number of words in poetry, there are four-character poems, five-character poems and seven-character poems. Four words are four words, five words are five words and seven words are seven words.
After the Tang Dynasty, there were few four-character poems, so they were usually divided into five-character poems and seven-character poems. Five-character ancient poems are referred to as five ancient poems for short; Seven-character ancient poems are referred to as seven ancient poems; The use of three, five and seven characters at the same time is generally considered as seven ancient characters.
Five-character rhythmic poems are referred to as five laws for short, and are limited to eight sentences and forty words; Seven-character metrical poems are abbreviated as seven laws, and are limited to eight sentences and fifty-six words. More than eight sentences are called long method, which is also called exclusive method.
The long method is generally a five-character poem. Only four sentences are called quatrains; Five lines * * 20 words, seven lines * * 28 words.
There are two kinds of quatrains: absolute and ancient. The law should be restricted by Pingqimi, and the ancient law should not be restricted by Pingqimi.
The ancient absolutely is generally limited to the five absolutely. 1953 used the name "Modern Poetry Society" for the first time-it was established when Ji Xian founded the "Modern Poetry Society".
The significance of modern poetry: 1. The form is free. 2. The connotation is open. 3. Image management is more important than rhetoric. Comparison between "classical poetry" and "modern poetry": poets are all formed by feeling things and are the reflection of their hearts.
"Classical Poetry" expresses tenderness, tenderness, sadness and no resentment with the poetic view of "thinking innocently", emphasizing "between solvable and unsolvable". "Modern poetry" emphasizes the spirit of freedom and openness, and communicates "between the sensible and the intangible" with straightforward situational statements.
Poetry mainly has the following parts: (1) The origin of poetry is the oldest and most literary style. Labor songs and folk songs, which originated from ancient people, were originally the floorboard of poems and songs.
At first, there was no distinction between poetry and song, but poetry and music and dance were combined into one, collectively called poetry. China's poems have a long history and rich heritage, such as The Book of Songs, Songs of the South, Han Yuefu and the works of countless poets.
Poetry in Western Europe was written by Homer and Sappho in ancient Greece and Virgil and Horace in ancient Rome. (2) The characteristics of poetry Poetry is a literary genre that highly reflects social life. Full of the author's thoughts and feelings and rich imagination. The language is concise and vivid, the rhythm is distinct, the rhyme is harmonious and full of musical beauty, and the sentences are generally parallelism sentences, paying attention to the beauty of structure and form.
He Qifang, a modern poet and literary critic in China, once said: "Poetry is the literary style that most strongly reflects social life. It is full of rich imagination and feelings, and it is often expressed in a direct lyrical way. Moreover, in the degree of exquisiteness and harmony, especially in the distinct rhythm, its language and prose are different. " This definition summarizes several basic characteristics of poetry: first, it reflects life in a highly concentrated and general way; The second is lyrical expression, full of rich thoughts and feelings; Third, rich imagination, association and fantasy; Fourth, language has musical beauty.
(3) There are many forms of expression of poetry. The traditional expressions that were first popular in China and have been used ever since are "Fu, Bi and Xing". "Preface to Mao Poetry" said: "Therefore, poetry has six meanings: one is wind, the other is fu, the third is comparison, the fourth is pride, the fifth is elegance and the sixth is fu."
In the six meanings, "style, elegance and praise" refers to the types of poems in the Book of Songs, and "Fu, Bi and Xing" are the expressions in poems. Fu: It is a way to express things directly.
Zhu, a scholar in the Song Dynasty, said in the Notes on Poems: "The giver must tell the truth." For example, Ge Tan and Slug in The Book of Songs used this technique.
Bobby: It's a figurative way to describe things and express thoughts and feelings. Liu Xie said in "Wen Xin Diao Long Bi Xing": "And what is Bi Ye? Cover things with attachments and threaten to cut them off. "
Zhu said, "If you compare, you can compare this thing with another." For example, books in The Book of Songs, such as Cats and Storytelling, are written in this way.
Xing: It's a way to make things interesting, that is, to use the beginning of things to describe things and express thoughts and feelings. In the Tang Dynasty, Confucius said in "Mao Shi Zheng Yi": "Those who get the Tao are happy.
For example, to learn from others, from their own hearts, those who quote plants, birds and animals in poetry and prose are happy to say what it means. Zhu pointed out more clearly: "Say something else first to cause the lyrics to be sung." . "
For example, Guan Ju in The Book of Songs means "Xing".
4. How to read poetry
The teaching goal of how to read poetry is to learn how to read poetry and help students find the key to reading poetry. Teaching methods, discussion methods and appreciation methods Click on the outline to appreciate the image, language and expression skills of literary works; Evaluate the ideological content of literary works and the author's views and attitudes; Class arrangement 1 class 1. How to read a poem 1 When you understand the superficial meaning, you can translate the general idea: time, place, people, things and scenery (1). How to understand the superficial meaning? Fill in the content-omitted subject, object, adverbial and transitional language in the poem, adjust the word order-verb inversion, adverbial postposition, prepositional object and other comprehensive sentence meanings-and connect them before and after, which is generally translated into sentences with relatively complete meaning.
The Hanshui River is bounded by Wang Wei, with three south branches reaching Chu and nine tributaries reaching Jingmen. The river crosses heaven and earth, where the colors of the mountains are yes and no.
Human habitation seems to float on the ripples in the distant sky. These beautiful days in Xiangyang have fascinated my old mountain! .
General idea: (I was boating on the river, and I saw it from a distance.) The vast land of ancient Chu was connected with the water of "Sanxiang" rushing from Hunan, and the Han River surged into Jingjiang River and merged with the nine schools of the Yangtze River. The Han River (surging away, as if it had been flowing in) has passed the heavens and the earth, and there are many green mountains on both sides, (misty, sometimes hidden), as if nothing had happened.
The wall floats (in the distance) on the water in front; The waves are rough, flapping and shaking the sky (in the distance). Xiangyang has beautiful scenery. It seems that I want to stay and get drunk with Shan Weng. ) 2. understand the deep meaning. What artistic conception (image, atmosphere) did you write? What emotions (moods, emotions) have you expressed? What thoughts (attitudes, opinions) are reflected? 2. Methods and skills of reading poetry? 1. Title is the starting point of poetry appreciation.
Because the title is rich in a lot of information (time, place, people, events, the mood of the poet, the artistic conception of the poem, the type of the poem, etc. It can be said that the title of a poem is a guide to poetry appreciation.
It either indicates the theme or indicates the poet's emotional tone. Example 1: (Hainan, Ningxia Volume) Title Li Shinan painted Fan Li and Zhao Ye. The water flowed down the stream, and the autumn wind blew the forest.
Everyone knows that the village is close to holding urns, and Zhongjue Temple is close to the pier. Thinking: What did this poem write? If you only look at the words, you may think that the poem describes the natural scenery of the countryside, but after reading the title, you will understand that this is a painting poem, which describes the picture rather than the real scene.
Knowing this, we will naturally think that the descriptions of "flowing water", "rustling autumn wind", "temple bells", "knowing the village is near" and "feeling the temple is deep" in poetry should be the imagination and association of the poet. The poet uses the artistic technique of combining reality with reality to think outside the painting, showing the scenery and interest outside the painting. Ingeniously, this understanding coincides with the appreciation requirements of the second question of this poem.
Example 2: The night before Zhang (Tang) stabbed Zhu Qingyu's bridal chamber, he lit a red candle and waited to visit his aunt. After putting on makeup, I asked my husband in a low voice: Is thrush deep and fashionable? Thinking: What is the theme of this poem? Understand this as a dry poem.
Poets compare themselves to "brides", "aunts" to examiners and "thrushes" to their own poems. "Husband" refers to Dr. Zhang Ji from the Ministry of Water Resources. He is quite famous in poetry and would like to be promoted.
Implicit expression of pre-test worry that the work may not suit the examiner's mind, ask for advice. Through beautiful poetic rhyme, it skillfully expresses a candidate's unique anxiety and expectation before facing an exam related to his career.
Function 1: The title reveals the content of Zhu's reading comprehension. If you only look at the text of the poem, you think it is the scenery of a small lake, but after reading the title, you will know that this poem is about the author's feelings of reading. Half an acre square pond is a book, and the sky and clouds mean that there are beautiful scenery in the book. The source of living water means that reading can make the mind clear and the mind fresh forever. Role 2: the topic reveals the mood. Jia Dao's suicide note has two actions before and after this title.
"Begging" and "not meeting" are extremely implicit. But we can guess the author's regret even without looking at the poem.
Function 3: Title display ideas. Zhang Jiuling's "Looking at the Moon and Thinking of a Distant Man" is entitled "Looking at the Moon and Thinking of a Distant Man". "Looking ahead before thinking" is the theme of this poem.
2. To truly understand a poem, the author must understand others and discuss the world. "To discuss poetry by knowing people" means to understand the poet's ideological character, life experience, style and genre, creative background and purpose.
When reading poetry, we must pay attention to the poet's experience and situation, and pay attention to the national conditions and political affairs of the dynasty in which the poet lived. Only by knowing people and the world can we accurately grasp the thoughts and feelings of poetry.
Some poems will provide relevant annotations, while others have no annotations, which need to be recalled and refined from accumulated knowledge. Example 3: (National Volume 2) Spring can't last-Xun Xiaoyu happened, and the flowers fell near dusk.
The car dust can't reach the ground, and the door is covered by the sound of birds singing. [Note] ① Li Mi-xun (1085- 1 153), a native of Wuxian (now Suzhou, Jiangsu Province), has served as a Sheren official of Zhongshu and assistant minister of the household department.
He was dismissed because he strongly opposed Qin Gui's surrender policy. (2) Layout: refers to the empty place at the door.
Thinking: What emotion did you read from this poem? Interpretation With this introduction, it is much easier to grasp the emotion of poetry. It is not difficult to see that one or two sentences in the poem are about the evening in late spring, when the rain is falling and flowers are scattered all over the floor. From these bleak scenery, we can see the author's loneliness and sadness after political frustration.
There were several birds in front of the house where the poet wrote poems, and he had to close the door in the sound of birds, from which we can see the poet's sigh about the cold world. This is the true expression of the author's inner feelings after he was dismissed for opposing Qin Gui. The poet was really moved by this scene.
Exodus 4: Looking at the south of the Yangtze River, Li Yu was more or less disgusted and dreamed again last night. Just like swimming in the garden in the old days. In Ma Rulong, where cars are like flowing water, flowers and the moon are spring breeze.
Note: This was written by Li Houzhu in the Southern Tang Dynasty after the Song Dynasty was destroyed. Some people say that this is a masterpiece of the prosperity of the old country; Some people say that this is a sad song.
Thinking: What emotion did you read from this poem? On the surface (especially the last three sentences), this word is written about nostalgia for the prosperity of the past, but in fact it expresses the infinite desolation of the situation after waking up. 3. Read the notes of the annotated poems. Some introduce the writing background and hint at the ideological content of this poem. Some are.
5. How to analyze ancient poetry
Classical poetry is an important part of China's literary heritage and occupies a certain weight in high school Chinese textbooks.
The national Chinese college entrance examination and the appreciation of ancient poems have been tested for seven years, and the difficulty is getting bigger and bigger, the types of questions are getting more and more perfect, and the number of questions is increasing year by year, which has become a highlight of preparing for the college entrance examination. It is an urgent task for every Chinese teacher to cultivate and improve students' ability to appreciate ancient poetry from the aspects of teaching materials, college entrance examination, inheritance and innovation of literary heritage.
So, how to cultivate students' ability to appreciate ancient poems? First of all, we should be good at guiding students to master basic appreciation methods. As the saying goes, it is better to teach people to fish than to teach them to fish.
In Chinese teaching, I mainly start from the following five aspects: 1. Taste expressive "poetic eyes" or "unforgettable eyes" For example, Li Qingzhao's "Like a Dream" "It rained suddenly and the wind suddenly last night, so you don't need residual wine for a deep sleep.
Ask the shutter man, Haitang is still there. Do you know that?/You know what? Do you know that?/You know what? It should be green, fat, red and thin. "
The whole word "poetic eye" is "green, fat, red and thin", which is very expressive. Its expressive force is embodied in its vividness and appropriateness. For example, writing leaves with the word "fat" not only means more and more, but also can be associated with moist and bright shapes, which is very accurate and concise; This is also reflected in emotional notes. For example, using the word "thin" to write flowers is not only small, but also can feel pity, and use the whole word to express sentimental emotions.
Another example is Jia Dao's "Li Ning lives in seclusion", which says, "There are few neighbors, and the grass path enters an empty garden. /The bird stopped in the tree by the pool and the monk knocked at the door.
/color separation across the bridge, moving stones and moving cloud roots. /come back here for a while, and you will keep your word during the quiet period. "
The word "you" in the title is "eye", which is the key to understanding the whole poem. Every couplet in the poem is closely linked with the word "seclusion". The first couplet is about the "seclusion" of residence: living in a corner, no one, quiet grass path and sparse empty garden.
Parallel prose and neck couplets describe the "quietness" of the environment: parallel prose is lined with sounds, birds are singing in the trees by the pool, and the old monk gently knocks on the door in the bright moonlight, all of which show the quietness of the environment; Necklace writing from night to day, or from the perspective of the environment, but the vision is much broader, across the bridge, around the boulder, along the way, everywhere quiet, full of wild interest, the poet's inner joy arises spontaneously. Couplets reveal the poet's longing for seclusion.
It can be seen that the key to reading poetry lies in grasping "poetic eyes" and "inscribing eyes". Second, analyze the ideological content of poetry.
To correctly understand the ideological content of ancient poetry, the most fundamental thing is to learn to know people and comment on the world. As Mr. Lu Xun said, "To write a paper, it is best to take the whole article, the author and their social state into account, which is more conclusive." For example, Li Qingzhao's Dream should be related to the background at that time: Li Qingzhao and Zhao Mingcheng were deeply in love, but "Yi Anshu couldn't bear to leave after a long time of not getting married" (Liu Yisheng's Song Ci), so we can understand the sentimental feelings of this word by asking questions and answering questions, and love flowers and cherish spring.
Therefore, it is essential to evaluate ancient poetry, learn to know people and discuss the world, and grasp the tone and theme of poetry as a whole. Third, explore the wonderful use of standard sentences.
Ancient poems often quote allusions and turn them into poems, which are related to rich connotations. To appreciate ancient poetry, we must understand the source and significance of allusions and poems, and explore the wonderful use of allusions and poems in ancient poetry.
For example, in Jiang Kui's "Yangzhou Slow", "After ten miles in the spring breeze, the wheat is green". In other words, Du Mu's poem "Spring Breeze Yangzhou Road Shili" was used.
Its application here makes the former prosperity of Yangzhou City in sharp contrast with the present depression, which hurts the memory of the past. Exploring the wonderful use of standardized sentences is the basis of accurately understanding ancient poetry.
Fourth, experience the expressive effect of rhetorical devices. In ancient poetry, for the needs of image and lyricism, various artistic techniques are often used to express it, among which the most important ones are metaphor, arousal, personification, exaggeration, duality, repetition and foil. If we grasp the expressive effect of these techniques, we can better understand the image of poetry and the author's feelings.
How about "Singing Willow"? "Jasper is dressed as a tree, and thousands of strands of green silk tapestries hang down. I don't know who cut the thin leaves, and the spring breeze in February is like scissors. "
The author abandons the simple and intuitive description method, breaks the traditional thinking of praising things and expressing ambitions, and creates a novel image with unique romantic color for us with strange imagination and clever metaphor. The first sentence uses "Jasper" (referring to a beautiful girl named Jasper in Yuefu's "Jasper Song") as a metaphor, which makes the poem attractive with a brand-new image at the beginning.
In the second sentence, willow twigs droop, just like a green ribbon on a girl's body, and wicker is depicted with ribbons, which highlights the characteristics of tenderness and fluttering, vividly portrays the image of spring willow as silk, and gives people a vibrant aesthetic feeling. Ask and answer the last two sentences, and praise Chunliu again with clever metaphors.
A "thin" and a "cut" depict the slender, soft, fresh and lovely leaves of the new willow in detail, revealing the author's surprise and admiration. "The spring breeze in February is like scissors". Comparing the spring breeze to the scissors in Jasper's clever hand, it turns the virtual into the real and has a strange imagination.
He compared the willow tree to a graceful girl, painted a vibrant spring scene, and showed his praise for the vitality of spring. Therefore, to appreciate ancient poetry, we must understand the rhetorical devices and the specific images it refers to in order to correctly understand and grasp the profound connotation of poetry.
Fifth, understand the artistic conception of ancient poetry. Artistic conception is the artistic realm of the work and the harmonious unity of the author's thoughts, feelings and life pictures.
Understanding the artistic conception of ancient poetry is the highest state of appreciation, which can make the appreciator enjoy beauty, cultivate emotion and purify the soul, thus actively and consciously creating and broadening the artistic realm of ancient poetry. Understanding artistic conception should pay attention to comparison, innovation and association.
For example, Lu You's "Buzuwang" and Fan Chengda's "first frost Small Horn Plum" are all based on imaginary writing, taking plum as a metaphor to express people's feelings, but their artistic conception is different. From the environmental point of view, Lu Ci chose the stormy dusk, which highlighted the bitterness of the environment and laid the "lonely" image of plum blossom. The mode words choose a moonlit environment after snow for plum blossom, which sets off the lonely image of plum blossom.
Judging from the author's emotional sustenance, after Lu Ci wrote the image of "loneliness" of plum blossom, he deepened the plum blossom with two meanings of "independence" and "similarity".