Reason: The amount of reading ancient poems is too small, and there is a lack of experience in interpretation, and there is no mastery of certain interpretation skills.
Measures: Strengthen reading training, read more and recite more, cultivate understanding and accumulate experience. In the process of answering, pay attention to make full use of the following points:
1, the topic is the starting point.
The title of ancient poetry is very particular, which often reveals the time, place, object, event and theme of poetry writing, and is an important starting point for us to interpret poetry. Starting with the topic, we can understand poetry quickly and accurately. For example, 1997' s title "Jun Mountain" directly points out the object of fu writing, so it can be seen that "shadow" in one sentence, "color" in two sentences, "place" in three sentences and metaphor in the fourth sentence all refer to Jun Mountain. Clear the writing object of Fu, and the poem will be clear. Another example is the "guest" in the 2000 test paper. The title explains the background of the event, so that we can feel the poet's loss and loneliness smoothly in the specific situation where the guests have not arrived. Another example is "Remembering Brothers on a Moonlit Night" in 200 1 Shanghai Spring Examination. The title explains both time (moonlit night) and emotion (memory). Coupled with the special relationship between the characters (my brother), I can understand the emotional theme of the poem without reading it.
2. Image is the key.
Poetry aims at expressing emotion, and image is the basic unit of expressing emotion in poetry and the place where poetry emotion exists. Therefore, it is the only way to understand poetry to start with images and expand imagination and association. For example, the famous "Night Sleeping by the Maple Bridge": "On a frosty night, Jiang Feng sleeps on fire. Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City, passenger ships are ringing at midnight. " The first two sentences and fourteen words use six images, from the dense night after the moon sets, the crow's shrill cry, the cold frost day, the gloomy river wind and the scarcity of fishing fire at night, we deeply feel the cold atmosphere of autumn night in the water town and the lonely mood of guests.
In the long course of China's classical poetry, many traditional images have been formed, and their symbolic meanings are basically fixed. If we are familiar with these images, it will be of great help to interpret poetry. For example, in the national exam in 2002, I heard the flute in Los Angeles on a spring night, and the sentence "I heard the willow leaf folding in this serenade" happened in the exam. If we understand that the traditional image "Liu" is often used to express feelings of parting, then this problem should be solved.
Therefore, in order to accurately understand ancient poetry, we should pay attention to understanding and accumulating traditional images in our usual study. For example: Hongyan-homesick, messenger; Rhododendron-an unlucky beauty, a man who cares about the country and the people, laments and is sincere; Partridge-homesickness, sadness: Dongli-dusty mountains and rivers; Chrysanthemum-high quality; Willow-the feeling of parting and missing; Wait a minute.
3. Notes are precious.
In the examination questions of ancient poetry in the college entrance examination, there are often short notes, which seem to be only notes on the uncommon and obscure parts of poetry, but in fact, they are often the crux of our understanding of poetry and even answering questions, and are the hints given to us by the proposer, which must not be ignored.
For example, the title Junshan in 1997 is marked "Junshan: in Dongting Lake, Hunan". Here, the helpful message is "Junshan is in the lake", otherwise we may not understand why there are "water waves" in the poems about Junshan.
Another example is the national spring exam in 2000 titled "Cicada", which is annotated as "Hanging Ears: Criticizing Cicada". Cicada's head has prominent tentacles, which look like a drooping crown tassel, which actually implies one of the characteristics of the characters symbolized by cicada-noble status.
The stem of this question implies timely information.
Perhaps because of the strong subjectivity in the appreciation of ancient poetry, the proposer usually gives some enlightenment in the stem of the question when setting questions. These tips either indicate the main points of the examination, or indicate the direction of doing the questions, or prompt the problem-solving center, which are all very important information for candidates. For example, in the exam in Shanghai in 2000, "The last two sentences of the two poems A and B provide readers with room for their imagination, please explain them separately", which clearly stated that the test site is "imagination" and what candidates need to "explain" is what they imagined from the last two poems.
For example, in the national examination in 2002, when the predecessors commented on this poem, it was suggested that the word "folding willow" was the key to the whole poem, which showed us the key to answering the question-the so-called "key" should be the place that can reflect the emotional theme of the whole poem, so we only need to analyze the relationship between the meaning of "folding willow" and the theme of the whole poem.
Blind spot 2: In the face of examination questions, it is difficult to express, or it is unclear, or it is difficult to express yourself.
Reason: I don't fully understand the basic connotation of the test center, I don't know the general idea of appreciation, and I don't have a certain vocabulary of appreciation.
Measures: First of all, we must clarify the basic ideas of appreciation. Appreciation of ancient poetry requires short words, but attention should also be paid to the structural context, which is essentially argumentative and can be organized according to the mode of "argument plus argument" For example, the answers to the national examination questions in 2002 can be organized as follows: "Folding willow" is full of farewell and nostalgia (note: argument), and this poem expresses homesickness, which is produced by hearing the flute sound of "folding willow" (note: argument). It can be seen that "folding willow" is the key to the whole poem (note: argument).
Secondly, we should closely follow the examination center ("Appreciating the image, language and expression skills of literary works") and use standardized language to organize the answers in an orderly manner.
1, how to appreciate the images of ancient poetry?
The image of poetry is mainly manifested as an image or artistic conception, which is either a thing, a person or a complete scene, and more often it is the combination of things and people, scenery and emotion. To analyze the images of poetry is to analyze the personality characteristics of these "images", especially its symbolic significance. For example, Zheng Sixiao's "Cold Chrysanthemum" says: "A hundred flowers don't bloom, and the fence of independence is endless. Instead of blowing incense into the north wind, it is better to hold incense in the branches and wait for death. " What it shows is the noble character of chrysanthemum, which is aloof, lofty and persistent in ideals and beliefs, symbolizing the noble feelings of the lyric hero. For another example, Wei's Yan Wen and Cold Pond were included in the Beijing-Spring Examination in 2003, and then a short answer was asked: Why are these two poems written about geese? This requires us to have a correct understanding of the image of geese in the poem: geese are migratory birds, migrating in spring and autumn, and struggling to fly back to their nests in autumn, which often affects the homesickness of wanderers. Therefore, poets often use geese to express their feelings and express their deep homesickness.
Therefore, to appreciate the image of ancient poetry is to grasp the basic characteristics of "image" and then point out its humanistic significance.
2. How to appreciate the language of ancient poetry?
It can be mainly analyzed from the following aspects: the flow of phonology, the skills of practicing Chinese characters, the style of language and so on.
Appreciating the fluency of phonology mainly refers to the fluency and rhyme of ancient poetry.
Comment on the skills of practicing Chinese characters is to point out the uniqueness of using Chinese characters and its expression effect. For example, "birds perch on trees by the pool, and monks knock on the door of the moon", and the word "knock" highlights the silence of the moonlit night; Another example is "the branches of red apricots are full of spring", and the word "noisy" vividly shows the scene of spring with a quasi-personality.
The language styles of ancient poetry are rich and varied, mainly plain, simple, natural, elegant, tall and straight, popular, funny, humorous, unrestrained, implicit and implicit.
3. How to appreciate the expression of ancient poetry?
There are many kinds of expression skills. Rhetorically, there are common metaphors (half an acre of square pond is open, the sky is high and the clouds are pale), exaggeration (white hair and three thousands of feet, sorrow is as long as long), metaphor (never tired of seeing each other, only Jingting Mountain), duality (lonely smoke in the desert, long river falling in the yen) and contrast (the wine and meat in Zhumen stink, and the road freezes to death). ), etc. From the perspective of expression techniques, there are scenes, objects, narratives, arguments, lyricism, expression of will, scene description, details description and so on. From the perspective of expression techniques, there are borrowing scenery to express essence, expressing ambition, expressing emotion with scenery, blending scenes, expressing one's mind directly, combining reality with reality, imagination, contrast, allusion and symbol.
When appreciating, we should grasp the main characteristics of skill application to answer. For example, Zheng Sixiao's poem "Cold Chrysanthemum" mentioned above is an ideographic way to express the poet's love for chrysanthemums.