15 to 17 century was the Renaissance, and all the literary works in this period reflected humanistic thoughts, such as Dante's Divine Comedy and Boccaccio's decameron. They all praised human personality and opposed Christian asceticism, and made outstanding achievements in novels, poems and paintings.
There are mainly the following genres: church literature, heroic epic, knight literature and urban literature.
1 Church literature (orthodox literature is based on the Bible) Genre: Bible stories, biographies of saints, prayers, hymns, speeches and deeds of saints, dream stories, religious dramas, etc.
The main content of Lu's becoming a monk is to praise the authority of God and the virtue of saints, and to promote asceticism and afterlife thought.
Main techniques: dreams, fables and symbols.
2 Chivalry literature (secular feudal literature) flourished: France preached the chivalry of "loyalty to the monarch, protection of religion and chivalry", which reflected the "elegant love" between a large number of knights and ladies, affirmed the pursuit of secular life and happiness, and had a great impact on Christian asceticism and the afterlife.
Main contents: Describe the love and adventure stories of knights, and publicize and beautify the essence of knights.
Main genre: Provence in southern France Author: feudal lords and knights Lyrics: Describe the so-called "elegant love" of knights.
Central theme: knight's love and worship for a lady.
Dawn song is the most famous.
It is divided into three systems: ancient system: adapted from ancient Greek and Roman literary works.
Masterpieces: Legend of Alexander, Narrative Poems of Knights, Legend of Troy, Legend of Aeneas, and British System: mainly writing the story of Wang Yase in England and his knights of the Round Table.
Works: Trish and Ethel Byzantine System: Okason and Nicolette, three heroic epics (long epic praising the ideal heroes in feudal times).
Germanic Cape? Saxon epic Beowulf (the most complete early heroic epic so far).
Early Heroic Epic (Early Middle Ages) Germanic: The Song of Hildebrandt Finland: Ka Laivaara (also translated as the country of heroes) Iceland: Eda, Sakya and Beowulf: The first part of Deer Hall and the second part of Dragon Slayer. The central theme is patriotism and heroism. The heroes in the poem are loyal to the monarch, patriotic and brave.
Later heroic epic France: Song of Roland (patriotic theme) (mid-Middle Ages) Spain: Song of Sid Germany: Song of Nibelungen Russia: Heroic epic of Igor's expedition Features: (1) National distress, national heroes save the nation from suffering.
(2) The style is solemn and intense.
Ballad: It mainly describes the tragedy of life or historical themes, and many works create heroes that the lower class people like, with a sense of commonness.
The most famous: Robin Hood ballads in England. The main characteristics of urban literature (reflecting the medieval urban life and the ideological aspirations of the emerging bourgeoisie) are: adapting to the political demands and life aspirations of citizens.
Based on real life, it is of practical significance to expose the tyranny and ignorance of feudal lords and monks and to praise the intelligence of the people.
Main creative techniques: satirical genre: verse story, satirical story poem, lyric poem, civic drama, etc.
Lena Fox's story: It allegorizes the reality with animals, and reflects the contradictions and conflicts between various classes in the city through the struggle between animals.
Based on animal stories.
Lena Fox is the embodiment of the citizen, which embodies the duality of the citizen class: on the one hand, fighting against the big animals such as lions, wolves and bears, which symbolize wealth and power, shows the resistance of the citizen class to the feudal ruling class.
On the other hand, it bullies and mutilates small animals such as sparrows, crows, chickens and rabbits, which symbolize the poor, and shows the struggle between the upper and lower classes of citizens.
In the poem, comedy is used to praise the wit and satire of the civil class through the images of animals, and ridicule the ruling class such as nobles and monks.
Masterpiece of long story poem: The Legend of the Rose: (France) The whole work uses symbolic and dreamy techniques.
The first part: Noble literature works that promote knight's "elegant love".
The lower part reflects the thoughts and feelings of the citizens, such as advocating individual liberation, opposing feudal aristocratic privileges, and opposing asceticism and obscurantism.
(the bud of humanistic thought)