This is because of his thorough understanding of society, time and space, life and life and death; Because of his erudition and rich life practice; Especially because of his outstanding literary genius, in Bai Juyi's words, "I have always loved Tao Pengze, but I don't think highly of writing." His poems seem popular and clear, but they express high sentiment and profound philosophy.
For example, Tao Yuanming wrote "Five Songs of Returning to the Garden", one of which is: beans are planted at the foot of Nanshan, and the grass is full of beans and seedlings are sparse. Get up early in the morning to get rid of weeds, and come back with hoes in the moonlight at night.
The narrow path covered with vegetation, the night dew wet my clothes. It's not a pity to get wet, but I hope it won't be against my will.
This poem is about children's songs, but it expresses Tao Yuanming's noble sentiments. He would rather go out early and return late, devote himself to ploughing and hoeing, rather than getting wet in the evening, remain humble in the countryside and not follow the corrupt officialdom. Because Tao Yuanming's poems are of great artistic value, people can't get tired of reading them for thousands of years and can't put them down.
Tao Yuanming's life is inextricably linked with wine, which is the demand and homesickness of his life. Tao Yuanming left us for almost 1600 years. In that era when material life was very poor, people lived a life of sunrise and sunset. Tao Yuanming, in particular, resigned from the officialdom of power struggle and intrigue and lived in seclusion in the countryside far away from the mountains. Only wine can relieve his troubles, make him happy and make him comfortable.
Small cups are comfortable to drink, while large ones are comfortable to drink. When he is drunk, he will say, "I want to go to bed." Wine is a magical drink, which not only has material properties, but also can quench thirst and satisfy hunger. It also has a spiritual attribute, which can act on people's central nervous system, regulate people's higher nervous activity, and affect people's spirit and mood.
In Tao Yuanming's time, there were no spiritual stimulants such as tobacco and coffee, and people could only adjust their emotions with the help of wine. Many of Tao Yuanming's representative works, such as Gui Xi Ci, Biography of Mr. Wuliu, Twenty Poems on Drinking, etc., have all expressed their nostalgia for drinking or drunk writing.
The story of Tao Yuanming's love of wine is well known and has been sung through the ages. Tao Yuanming's drinking poems are beautiful, implicit and meaningful.
Tao Yuanming's noble character, like his immortal poems, shines with wine. This paper attempts to interpret Tao Yuanming's wine poems and wine words with the most concise words.
By describing Tao Yuanming's life background and his attachment to wine, he shows his noble integrity and great achievements in literary creation. In the long river of history, how many twinkling stars have made different contributions to the development and prosperity of the Chinese nation, so they shine in people's memory either explicitly or implicitly.
With the passage of time and the progress of history, some stars dim, disappear and are forgotten, and more new stars appear in the long river of history. In the long river of history, some people were great when they were alive.
After death, as time goes by, people gradually forget. Some people are ordinary or famous when they are alive. With the development of history, his fame is getting bigger and bigger, and his historical contribution is getting bigger and bigger.
Tao Yuanming is such a great man. He is like a ruby and a night pearl. When he was alive, he didn't attract people's attention for a long time after his death. With the progress of history, several generations have gradually known him, wiped away the dust that buried him, and made him shine forever in the long river of history.
In 427 AD, Tao Yuanming passed away after 76 years of life. He was buried in the tomb of Tao Jiagong at the foot of Nanshan Mountain, at the foot of Mianyang Mountain at the junction of Jiujiang County and Xing Zi County in Jiangxi Province today.
Today, Tao Yuanming's tomb is well preserved. The tombstone consists of three monuments, one big and two small. In the middle of the regular script, the "Tomb of Mr. Jingjie, Duke of Jin" is engraved with the epitaph on the left and the word "Qu Ci" on the right, which was written by pottery descendants in the first year of Qing Qianlong. After Tao Yuanming's death, his best friend Yan Yanzhi wrote Zheng Tao Yi Tu for him, and named posthumous title "Quiet Festival".
Yan Yanzhi praised Tao Yuanming's character and integrity in his obituary, but did not fully affirm his literary achievements. Tao Yuanming's position in the history of China literature has not been fully affirmed and recognized in the decades after his death. Xiao Tong, Prince Zhaoming of Liang Dynasty, attached great importance to Tao Yuanming's poems and couldn't put it down.
Xiao Tong personally compiled, prefaced and passed on Tao Yuanming. The Collection of Tao Yuanming is the first collection of literary works by scholars in the history of China literature, which is of great significance.
Xiao Tong praised "his prose is not crowded, his words are brilliant, his ups and downs are obvious, he is superior to others, and his cadence is as bright as Beijing". During the Southern Dynasties, Tao Yuanming's literary position was not recognized as it should be, but his poetry and prose works spread more and more widely and influenced more and more.
During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, more and more poets liked Tao Yuanming's poems and praised him more and more. Wang Ji was an idyllic poet in the early Tang Dynasty. Like Tao Yuanming, he lived in seclusion in the countryside for many times, entertaining himself with Gin.
His poem "Drunk" says: Ruan Ji is less awake, but Tao Qian is more drunk. A hundred years later, how full is it? A fun and long song.
Meng Haoran, an idyllic poet in Tang Dynasty, worshipped Tao Yuanming very much. He wrote in "Going to Hanan to Send Old Beijing in Summer": Appreciating "The Biography of Gaotu", the pottery is the best, and his eyes are full of pastoral interest, claiming to be the emperor. Li Bai admired Tao Yuanming's character and poetry.
In "A Play for Zheng Liyang", I wrote: Ling Tao is drunk every day, and I don't know five willows and clear springs. Su Qin has no strings and pours wine with a towel.
Under the breezy north window, I call myself Emperor Xi. When I arrived at chestnuts, I met my whole life.
Li Bai's thought of "being able to urge the eyebrows to bend over and serve the powerful" is in the same strain as Tao Yuanming's spirit of "fighting for rice without bending over". After the Anshi Rebellion, Du Fu lived a wandering life, taking Tao Yuanming as his confidant. He wrote in A Letter to Mr. Yin Wei in Henan: It is better to be relieved than poetic.
This meaning is implicit, I will be born after you. Bai Juyi, a poet in the middle Tang Dynasty, highly admired Tao Yuanming.
In 8 15, Bai Juyi was demoted to Sima, Jiangzhou, which is close to Xunyang, Tao Yuanming's hometown. He visited Tao Yuanming's former residence and wrote the poem "Visiting Tao Gong's Former Residence".
At first, the poem praises Tao Yuanming's noble personality with "dust and dirt don't pollute jade, and Feng Ling doesn't peck at fishy smell", and finally writes: Chaisang Ancient Village.
2. Poems describing Tao Yuanming Meng Haoran, an idyllic poet in the Tang Dynasty, worshipped Tao Yuanming very much. He wrote in "Going to Hanan to Send Old Beijing in Summer": Appreciating "Gao Shi Zhuan", Tao is the best, his eyes are full of pastoral interest, and he calls himself the emperor.
Li Bai's admiration
Li Bai admired Tao Yuanming's character and poetry. In "A Play for Zheng Liyang", I wrote: Ling Tao is drunk every day, and I don't know five willows and clear springs. Su Qin has no strings and pours wine with a towel. Under the breezy north window, I call myself Emperor Xi. When I arrived at chestnuts, I met my whole life. Li Bai's thought of "Oh, how can I bow and scrape to high officials" and Tao Yuanming's spirit of "not bending down for a bucket of rice" are in the same strain.
Du Fu's Appreciation
After the Anshi Rebellion, Du Fu lived a wandering life and regarded Tao Yuanming as his confidant. He wrote in "A Letter to Mr. Yin Wei in Henan Province": Relaxation should be wine, not poetry. This meaning is implicit, I will be born after you.
Bai Juyi's admiration
Bai Juyi, a poet in the middle Tang Dynasty, highly admired Tao Yuanming. In the tenth year of Tang Yuanhe (8 15), Bai Juyi was demoted to Jiangzhou Sima, which is close to Xunyang, Tao Yuanming's hometown. He visited Tao Yuanming's former residence and wrote the poem "Visiting Tao Gong's Former Residence". At first, the poem praises Tao Yuanming's noble personality by saying that "dust does not pollute jade, and Feng Ling does not peck at fishy smell". Finally, it writes: Chaisang ancient village is an old mountain and an old river in chestnut. No chrysanthemums under the hedge, no smoke in the idle city. Although the descendants are unknown, the clan has not moved. Every time Tao surnamed, my heart still stays. Bai Juyi wrote in Sixteen Hidden Bodies of Small Pottery: My husband has been away from me for a long time, and there is paper and ink. Advise me to drink one cup after another, and there is nothing to say. I come from the boss and admire him very much. Others can't reach it, and the effect is drunk.
3. Tao Yuanming's Poems and Essays Tao Yuanming (365~427) was a poet, ci writers and essayist in Jin and Song Dynasties.
A latent and vivid figure, a private and quiet festival. Xunyang Chaisang (now southwest of Jiujiang, Jiangxi) was born.
Tao Yuanming was born in a declining official family. Great-grandfather Tao Kan was the founding father of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. With the military affairs commander of Bazhou and the secretariat of Jingjiang II as the official, Changsha was made the county magistrate.
Tao Yuanming's grandfather was a satrap, his father died young, and his mother was the daughter of Meng Jia, a famous person in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Tao Yuanming's life can be roughly divided into three periods.
In the first period, Tao Yuanming was 28 years old in the seventeenth year of Taiyuan (392). He has been living in poverty since he was a teenager because of his father's early death.
The second period was an official study, from the age of 29 in the eighteenth year of Taiyuan to the age of 465,438+0 in the first year of Emperor Yi Xi of Jin 'an. The third period, from the second year of Emperor Yi of Jin 'an (406) to the fourth year of Yuanjia (427), is the period of returning to the fields.
More than 20 years after back in the game was the most abundant period of his creation. Tao Yuanming's poems 125, including 9 four-character poems and 6 five-character poems11.
His four-character poem is not very good. His five-character poems can be roughly divided into two categories; One is the poetry that inherits and develops the lyric tradition since the Han and Wei Dynasties, and the other is the pastoral poetry with few precedents.
The artistic achievements of Tao's poetry have been respected since the Tang Dynasty, and even regarded as "the fundamental principle of poetry". More than 0/00 years after the death of Tao Yuanming, Xiao Tong collected his posthumous works, catalogued them in different categories, compiled them into 8 volumes, and personally prefaced his biography.
Later, on the basis of Xiao Ben, Yang Xiuzhi of Northern Qi added other versions of Biography of Five Filial Pieties and Preface of Four Eight, and the combined sequence was Tao 10. Yang Ben was out of order at the end of Sui Dynasty, with 9 volumes.
Since then, other books have been published one after another, scrambling to make up enough copies of 10. Tao Qian Collection 10, reprinted by Song Yu in the Northern Song Dynasty, is the earliest publication of pottery poems. None of the above books have been handed down.
The earliest versions that can be seen today are several versions from the Southern Song Dynasty to the early Yuan Dynasty. There are mainly: Zeng Ji's Poem and Fu has two volumes, Shao Xi's three-year edition in the Southern Song Dynasty, and Guangxu's moment edition in the Qing Dynasty; Ji Gu Pavilion has 10 volumes, which were published in the Southern Song Dynasty and printed in the Qing Dynasty. Jiao □ set 8 volumes, published in Southern Song Dynasty, with Jiao Shiming's transcript. Seventy-two Collected Works of Han and Wei Dynasties has five volumes, namely Jiao □ turned over the Song version.
In addition, there are the Song version of Mr. Dongpo's and Tao Yuanming's poems, and the Yuan version of Su Zhe's big character version. The earliest annotation of Tao poetry was Tang Han in the Southern Song Dynasty.
After the Yuan Dynasty, the comments and comments on this book increased day by day. In the early Yuan Dynasty, Li Gonghuan's Notes on Tao Yuanming, a total of 10: four copies of the series were photocopied.
Tao Shu annotated Collected Works of Mr. Jingjie in Qing Dynasty 10, which was published and printed twice by Ancient Books Publishing House. There are "turret series" and "five-story ice pavilion" in Tao Jing's festival poems, which are called "Tao Jing Festival Poems".
1-50 poems: Mingzi (10 poems) In mid-May, Gengzi still blocked the wind from Guilin; In July, he went on holiday and went back to Jiangling for a night tour. Master Guo wrote two poems (six poems) to persuade farmers. In December, he became a thief in Cao's worries. In March, Cao Guimao and his younger brother rode in parallel (four poems). Because Yu Du joined the army first to build prestige, he moved to the west and returned to the park. Five returned birds (four) were 5 1- 100: Wu Shen caught fire in June, and Liu Chai sang was rewarded in September. He was transferred to Xitian to grow early rice. The two poems were separated from Yin Jin in order. I wrote eight abstinence poems in August. Tian She was given a long history of sheep by Xie Jingyi Saburo, the ancestor of Zhou Xu, and 20 poems were drunk and worried about returning to his hometown. My younger brother, Zhong De, gave Changsha a preface to public parallel prose (four poems): 10 1- 154 Poem: People * *. According to Zhou Family's Mourning Poems, Pang Shu, Deng Zhizhong, lived in seclusion for nine days, reciting seven poems from Peach Blossom Garden, visiting Xiechuan to write seven ancient poems, and sitting on the ground to see off guests and read thirteen poems from Shan Hai Jing. On the twelfth day, Pang Dapang wrote "Parallel Songs (Six Songs)"-Jing Ke composed three parallel songs at the meeting. -Li Yan Yu Bin who has experienced many vicissitudes.
The imperial dragon is diligent in summer, while Wei. Situ, Jiang Mumu, has a prosperous Lisu people.
Second, the warring States period followed, and the desert declined. The phoenix is hidden in the forest, and the lover is hidden in the mountain.
Bypass the clouds and run to the whales. There are Han people in the sky, please wait as soon as possible.
Third: release Hou, and climb the dragon by luck. Caressing the sword shows martial arts.
The book swears that rivers and mountains will break ground. Prime Minister, let's go.
Fourth: faint placanticline, towering Hong Ke. A river spring carries guidance, and many articles carry Luo.
Sometimes there is silence, but luck is long. In my middle school days, I was promoted to Jin, and my career was integrated into Changsha.
Fifth: Huan Huan Changsha, Yi Xun Yi De. The son of heaven conquered me and recruited the south China.
When the work is finished, I'll quit my job, and I won't be coquettish. What is the heart, but it is close at hand.
Sixth, I will save my ancestors and be cautious to the end. Naoki, Uighur Li Qian.
Yu's exam was weak and empty. I am happy to send a trace of wind and clouds.
Seventh: Ignorance and expectation. Despite the shame of the temple, the negative shadow still exists.
The crime of three thousand, don't worry about it in the future. I sincerely finished reading it, and I cried.
Eighth: Bujiayun Festival is also a good time. Your name is Yan Yan and your word is thinking.
Duke Wen is here sooner or later, and I'm here. I also want to go to Kong Ji, I want to be an enterprise! Nine: born at night, and then ask for fire.
Anyone who sets his mind on it is special to me! Seeing his life, he really wants it. People also have words, and they are sincere.
Tenth: the sun is on the moon, and children are gradually exempted. Happiness never comes in pairs, but it never rains alone.
Sleep at night, I hope you are talented. You're incompetent, you're already embarrassed! - .
I am happy to wait on my face, and then I am happy to see my friends. Drum music refers to the west corner of the scene.
Isn't Jiangshan hanging by a thread? Should I return the painting to the children? . Kaifeng accepts my heart and defends the poor lake.
Gao Mang has no boundaries, and Natsume is a loner. Who said that the passenger ship is far away, nearly a hundred miles?
I know Nanling from my eyes, but I can't help but sigh! Second, I have known it since ancient times! No matter how vast the mountains and rivers are, it is difficult to finish them on schedule. When the waves break, the sky rings and the wind is idle.
Born in a long-term love, how to sink into it. Good meditation garden, good death.
There were several trusts in those years, I have no doubt about it.
4. Appreciate the ten poems of Tao Yuanming's Biography of Gao Tu,
Best Tao Zhengjun,
My eyes are full of pastoral interest,
Claiming to be Emperor Xi.
Li Bai admired Tao Yuanming's character and poetry. In the script to Zheng Liyang wrote:
Ling Tao gets drunk every day. I don't know five Liu Chun.
Su Qin has no strings and pours wine with a towel.
Under the breezy north window, I call myself Emperor Xi.
When I arrived at chestnuts, I met my whole life.
Li Bai's thought of "Oh, how can I bow and scrape to high officials" and Tao Yuanming's spirit of "not bending down for a bucket of rice" are in the same strain.
After the Anshi Rebellion, Du Fu lived a wandering life, taking Tao Yuanming as his confidant. He wrote in "To Yin Wei's Henan Husband":
Relaxation should be wine, not poetry.
This meaning is implicit, I will be born after you.
Bai Juyi, a poet in the middle Tang Dynasty, highly admired Tao Yuanming. In the tenth year of Tang Yuanhe (8 15), Bai Juyi was demoted to Jiangzhou Sima, which is close to Xunyang, Tao Yuanming's hometown. He visited Tao Yuanming's former residence and wrote the poem "Visiting Tao Gong's Former Residence". In the poem, "Dust and dirt don't pollute jade, and Feng Ling doesn't peck at fishy smell" is first used to praise Tao Yuanming's noble personality, and finally he wrote:
Chaisang ancient village, chestnut old mountains and rivers.
No chrysanthemums under the hedge, no smoke in the idle city.
Although the descendants are unknown, the clan has not moved.
Every time Tao surnamed, my heart still stays.
Bai Juyi wrote in Sixteen Small Taoqianti:
Sir, I've been gone for a long time, and I have a legacy of paper and ink.
Advise me to drink one cup after another, and there is nothing to say.
I come from the boss and admire him very much.
Others can't reach it, and the effect is drunk.
Please give a few words of Tao Yuanming's classic poem "Returning to the Pastoral Residence", the original text should not rhyme, and nature loves Qiushan.
I sneaked into the official career network and have been away from the game for more than ten years. Birds in cages are often attached to the forests of the past, and fish in ponds yearn for the abyss of the past.
I want to open up wasteland in Minamino and keep my humility to the fields. The house is surrounded by about ten acres of land, thatched cottages.
Willow trees cover the eaves, and peach trees cover Li Lieman in front of the hospital. The neighboring village of the neighboring village is faintly visible, and there is smoke in the village.
Several dogs barked in the alley, and the mulberry tree was barked by a rooster. There is no dust and sundries in the yard, and the quiet room is comfortable and leisurely.
After staying in the cage for a long time, I returned to my natural garden. (3) In the original text, beans are planted at the foot of Nanshan Mountain, and the grass is full of beans and the seedlings are sparse. Get up early in the morning to get rid of weeds, and come back with hoes in the moonlight at night.
The narrow path covered with vegetation, the night dew wet my clothes. It's not a pity to get wet, but I hope it won't be against my will.
"Drinking" original: Building a house is in a humanistic environment, with no chariots and horses. Ask what you can do, your heart is far from self-prejudice.
Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, you can see Nanshan leisurely. The mountains are getting better and better, and the birds are back.
This makes sense. I forgot to say it if I wanted to defend myself.