After the appreciation of poetry in the college entrance examination changed from an objective question to a subjective question, reading comprehension ability was emphasized more, which increased the difficulty of answering questions. Every year, college entrance examination candidates will lose a lot of points in this section. Although all kinds of teaching materials and materials systematically summarize the methods of poetry appreciation, they are either too rational or too detailed, lacking pertinence and operability. The author intends to briefly talk about it from the perspective of answering questions in the college entrance examination, hoping to inspire and help students to answer questions. Comment on the "poetic eye" question "poetic eye" refers to the simplest and most vivid words in a poem, generally referring to verbs, adjectives and adverbs in a sentence. Sometimes it also refers to sentences or keywords that can convey the main idea. "Eye of Poetry" analyzes the types of questions, and the proposition angle is small. It mainly examines the skills of refining words and phrases in poetry from the perspective of language. In 2003, the national college entrance examination paper tested this type of question. In the next few years, because of the small angle and moderate difficulty, it has become the focus and hot spot of the college entrance examination proposition. There are two ways to ask for the characteristics of the proposition in the stem: one is to find out the vivid words or words used in the poem, and then to explain the reasons in combination with the whole poem; The second is to presuppose a previous comment ("poetic eye" has been specified), which requires you to judge this view first and then explain the reasons. Generally there is only one question, including two questions. Common ways to ask questions are: 1. What is the most vivid sentence in couplets? Why? Please make a brief analysis of poetry. (For example, the National College Entrance Examination in 2003) 2. Variants of question types are: ① A word has been praised. Do you agree with this statement? Why? (2) One sentence of this poem uses the word A, and other versions use the word B.. Which do you think is better? Why? (For example, the college entrance examination in Hubei and Liaoning in 2004) Simple thinking 1, reading poetry with "poetic eyes". When asking questions, grasp verbs, adjectives and adverbs in sentences; If you ask questions, you should grasp emotional sentences, argumentative sentences and epigrams. 2. Explain the reasons and pay attention to the level. First, explain the literal meaning (conceptual meaning) of words, then return to the rhetoric and its effect (grammatical meaning) used in the analysis of the original poem, and finally refine the effect (contextual meaning) of words combined with the overall perception of context. The analysis not only links the whole but also pays attention to details, combining point with surface. 3. answer format: judgment? 0? 1? 0? 1-Interpretation (original intention)-Analysis (technique and effect)-General description (effect). Typical example Read the following poem and complete the following questions. Senior executive Taniguchi invited Zheng Kun (Cen Can) Taniguchi to visit him, but he didn't see you in Kongzhai. At this time, the rain has just stopped, the flowers in the mountain stream are more beautiful, and the trees by the pool are standing upright and warm in the warm shade. The path in front of the door has long been deserted, and only a group of deer are playing happily. Clothes pillows, mountains and rivers are dense. "Eye of Poetry" refers to the most vivid words in poetry. What do you think are the eyes of the second couplet in this poem? Why? Please analyze the whole poem. Analysis: This is an analytical type entitled "Poetic Eye", and its main form is to judge first and then comment, and put forward two questions. In the stem of the question, "poetic eye" has been positioned in the second sentence. Grasping the verb or adjective in the sentence can find out the "poetic eye". Reference answer: "poetic eyes" are "nature" and "warmth" respectively. (Judgment) "Ran" and "Burning" are connected, indicating that the stream in the yellow rain curtain blooms like fire; "Warmth" means that the clouds droop in spring, and the trees by the pool meet them, as if to send them warmth and human touch. In this couplet, the author vividly depicts the beauty, elegance, warmth and vitality in the environment where friends live, and expresses the poet's longing for the quiet and leisurely seclusion of friends. (Contextual significance) Question 2: Analysis of artistic conception; The comments on poems expressing feelings through scenery account for half of the ancient poems. Whether writing scenery, expressing feelings through scenery or borrowing things, we should pay attention to the organic unity of scenery, environment and emotion. All scenery words are love words. Emotion depends on scenery (image) and environment (artistic conception), so we should analyze the poet's image, thoughts and feelings from the perspective of scenery and environment to appreciate poetry. Analysis of artistic conception is the most common problem in poetry appreciation. The characteristics of propositions are generally investigated from two aspects: first, the scenery, scenery and images in poems are analyzed and their characteristics are summarized. Mainly examine students' overall grasp of the content; The first is to deeply understand and analyze the artistic characteristics of poetry. The title is 1-2, and the main points of the proposition are: the generalization of image characteristics, the reproduction and generalization of artistic conception, and the analysis of image and its emotion. Common ways to ask questions are: "What kind of artistic conception does this poem create?" "What are the characteristics of the scenery written in this poem? What thoughts and feelings did the author express? Please use the whole poem to analyze it in detail. " Simple thinking 1. Interpret the whole poem and hook its mystery. We should grasp the characteristics of images and images as a whole (what scenery, where, what season, who and what characteristics). 2. Clarify the relationship between scenery and scenery, scenery and people, scenery and emotion. Sometimes the scenery described in a poem is complicated, so it is necessary to distinguish the relationships between the scenery, such as master and slave, details, order, reality, movement, point and surface, and the relationships between the scenery and emotion, such as juxtaposition, causality, mutual contrast, blending or crossing. 3. Analysis of landscape writing skills, mainly from three aspects: hierarchical perspective (temporal and spatial order, dynamic and static reality, cold and warm colors, positive and negative points, etc. ), diction and sentence making (refining words and figures of speech), and specific skills (rendering, contrast, symbol, comparison, etc.). ) .4. The role of experiencing artistic conception: to render the atmosphere, contrast artistic conception, express ambition and express emotion. 5. Language organization: divide first, then summarize, contact poems and answer articles. Attention: 1) Describe the pictures and images in the poem. You can't translate this poem, but you should reproduce it in your own language. We should not only be loyal to the original text, but also innovate appropriately. 2) Summarize the characteristics of artistic conception, atmosphere and image, and the language should be comprehensive and accurate. 3) The analysis of thoughts and feelings should be specific, highlighting the "how" rather than "what" in the topic. 4) When analyzing pure landscape poetry, we should discuss poetry by poetry, regardless of the author's situation and the background of the times. Typical examples Read the following poem and answer the following questions. At dusk (Du Fu), the cattle and sheep have been laid for a long time, and they all closed in Chai Men. The breeze is a charming night, but the beautiful mountain is not your home. The stone spring flows through the dark wall. Grass dew drops autumn roots. The head is white and bright, and no flowers are needed. Note: ① Du Fu lived in Kuizhou in the autumn of the second year of Dali and wrote this poem. ② Flower Ember: The wick bears flowers, which means "omen" in folk customs. 1. What kind of picture do the first and second sentences in the poem depict? 2. What complex thoughts and feelings did Du Fu express in his poems? Brief analysis: The poem uses the sentence of "Dusk is over, cattle and sheep go down the mountain" in the Book of Songs for the first time, and also shows us a peaceful mountain village picture with innovative artistic conception. "Cattle and sheep have been in Chai Men for a long time", and the faint afterglow of the setting sun filled the remote mountain village. Groups of cattle and sheep have already returned from the fields, and every household has turned off firewood and reunited with each other. People naturally think of people enjoying family happiness in their own homes from the lonely and desolate countryside, which vaguely reveals the poet's homesickness. Reference answer: 1. The first and second sentences in the poem describe the sunset scene in a quiet and cold mountain village, when the cattle and sheep return and the farmer Chai Fei closes the door. 2. In his poems, Du Fu expressed his nostalgia for his hometown, homesickness and love for his loved ones, as well as the sense of desolation in his later years. Question 3: Re-evaluating predecessors' comments Re-evaluating predecessors' comments or poetics is an open question, which is free, comprehensive and innovative. When answering questions, focus on the reasons, and candidates can score as long as they are reasonable. Generally speaking, the characteristic of the proposition is to quote the comments of predecessors or poetics on the ideological content and expression skills of the poem, and then ask you to judge (agree or disagree) and explain the reasons. The format of the text expression of the stem: pre-comment (poetic quotation)-asking for instructions to judge (whether or not to agree)-explaining the reason (why)-asking for instructions (combined with the whole poem). The commonly established evaluation angles are: comment on "poetic eyes", comment on key words, comment on ideological content, comment on artistic techniques and so on. Simple thinking 1, interpret the topic and make clear the requirements. That is to find out the specific angle of the previous comments (content, skills, refined words, emotional tone, language characteristics, etc.). ) and the known information (comment angle, object, summary of narrative characteristics, etc.) in the quotation of Poetics. ) .2, intensive reading of poetry, the overall perception of its theme, emotion, lyrical way and writing characteristics is the most obvious. 3. The first question "Do you agree?" In principle, it should conform to the proposer's intention (agreement), but it is not absolute. Let's go back to the original poem to explain the reasons. 4. Correctly choose the terms and concepts of poetry appreciation and apply them to rational analysis. Note: 1) Do not use terms and concepts instead of analysis. Analysis should be original and well-founded. 2) The analysis should be organized, and a few questions should be answered. Generally, the order of questions cannot be changed. Don't cross-express specific expressions, contents and skills. 3) Use terminology accurately and don't make irresponsible remarks. 4) The college entrance examination only answers the first question, and generally does not give points, so it must be analyzed. 5) Pay attention to logic and literary talent in the language expression of answers. Read the following poem, answer the following questions, and give it to Li Duan (Lu Lun) in the yellow grass by my old door. It's sad to leave. This road has walked out of the clouds and will lead you into the snow tonight. When I was young, my father and I traveled abroad, and I had no time to meet you in many difficulties and hardships. We cry, we say nothing. What can I wish for you in this cold world? ? Some people say that this poem runs through the whole article with a word "sadness". Do you agree with this statement? Why? Please enjoy the whole poem. Analysis: This topic examines the evaluation of the tone of poetry. As can be seen from the title, this is a farewell poem, which has been sentimental and sad since ancient times. It is natural that the word "sadness" dominates the whole poem. The second sentence of the first couplet frankly tells the "sadness" of parting, which has the function of supporting the whole article; Zhuan Xu described a cold farewell picture, which was somewhat gloomy in elegance, suggesting its "sadness"; Neck ties recall past life experiences, and they often see their "sadness"; The tail couplet is also tied with the word "sadness". Reference answer: I agree. (Question 1) This poem is mainly based on the word "sadness": The first part writes farewell to the environment and directly hits the word "sadness"; The couplets also wrote farewell to express their reluctant feelings, and "Leng Yun" and "Sunset Snow" followed the word "sadness"; It is even more "sad" to recall the past and regret its life experience. Little lonely wandering, bosom friend is hard to find, just met a bosom friend, but had to leave, can there be no sadness! At the end of the couplet, it says that the old friend has gone far away and only hopes to meet as soon as possible. When can we meet? The future is at a loss, and "sadness" is still constant. In a word, the whole poem combines the complex feelings of parting, loneliness and sometimes sadness, giving people a sad feeling. (General) Question 4 Comment on the issue of comparative appreciation. The proposer of this topic will often give two poems with similar themes, feelings, writing style and even the same object, and ask students to analyze and evaluate their similarities and differences after reading them. This type of question is also open to a certain extent, with many examination points, which is easy to examine students' innovative thinking ability and comprehensive appreciation ability. Therefore, this kind of questions will become the focus and hot spot of the college entrance examination proposition, which should be highly valued. Generally speaking, there are some similarities in content and writing between the two poems with propositional characteristics. The way of proposition is to ask students to think from both similarities and differences. The comparison point that is specifically set as 1-2 has clear direction, and there is no big and comprehensive problem. In comparison, the knowledge and ability related to "image", "language" and "expressive ability" are comprehensively investigated. There are two ways to ask questions: ① Set two questions: one is to ask about the differences (similarities) in content or writing, and the other is to analyze their differences in detail. ② Variant 1: Compare the advantages and disadvantages before and after the change. For example, after the order of poetry is disrupted, compare the effects before and after the change; After the keywords in the poem are replaced, compare the effects before and after the replacement. List two poems, ask which one you like better, and explain the reasons. This kind of topic is very open, and the answer is generally an appreciation essay. At present, the college entrance examination has not appeared, so we should train properly in preparing for the exam. Simple thinking 1, read through poems and topics, grasp the key points of the exam and be confident. 2. Interpret each poem separately and master the information of its content and form. 3. According to the requirements of the stem, integrate the information of the two poems from the same or different angles. 4. Answer item by item, and the organization language should be concise, coherent and accurate. Note: analysis should not only consider one thing, but two poems; Comparative analysis should be specific and highlight differences. Typical examples Read the following two poems and answer the following questions. Listen to the flute (high fitness). The snow goes to the horse, and the strong flute keeps the building. Excuse me, where did the plum blossom fall? The wind blew all over the mountain overnight. One night, I heard Shouxiang playing the flute on the wall (Li Yi). The sand in Yue Feng is like snow, and the moon outside the city is like frost. I don't know where the bleak reed flute blows and I look at my hometown all night. 1. These two poems are both frontier poems, but they express different thoughts and feelings. Please briefly describe the contents of two poems. The expressions used in these two poems are also different. Please choose an appreciation angle to analyze this difference. Brief analysis: This is the topic of comparative appreciation of two frontier poems. The two topics are comprehensive, but the orientation of the proposition is clear: 1 topic is to compare and express the differences of emotions from the perspective of content; The second question is to compare the differences of artistic techniques from a small angle. Although it is an open question, the answer angle is single and the requirements are very low. Candidates can generally answer. As long as you know what to test and how to test the topic, it will be much easier to read poetry. Reference answer: 1, Gao Shi writes scenery, showing the peaceful and peaceful picture of soldiers returning from herding horses and Huma going north; Writing the flute shows the lofty sentiments of the prosperous Tang Dynasty and the homesickness of some people. Li's landscape poems show the sinister environment and desolate scene of the frontier fortress; Writing a flute shows the confusion and infinite sadness of homesickness. The scenery chosen by the two poems is different, and the emotional tone conveyed is naturally different. Gao Shiwan, Li Shiai. 2. Angle of word refining: The word "human" in Gao Shi shows the rationality of plum blossom withering in the horse-herding season, which is permeated with a kind of lofty sentiments in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, and more metaphorically represents the homesickness of all soldiers. The word "do" in Shi Lishi's poems describes the endless homesickness of all the soldiers guarding the border. Or: Rhetorical point of view: Synaesthesia is skillfully used in Gao Shi, which transforms the flute sound of plum blossom falling into the visual image of plum blossom falling, and makes soldiers miss the plum blossom in their hometown from the edge of the land. Shi Li used appropriate metaphors such as "sand as snow" and "moon as frost" to describe the sinister and desolate frontier environment. Or: technical angle: the combination of high poetry and reality, symbolizing suggestion. "Snow Pure" describes spring, symbolizing peace after the settlement of the border crisis. "Moonlight" symbolizes the tranquility of the frontier fortress, "herding horses" means that Huma retreats from the north, and the soldiers guarding the frontier return to herding, and "Qiangdi" means the rest of the frontier fortress. In fact, the first two sentences are about the peaceful days of the frontier fortress, while the last two sentences are about no use, expressing the wishes of the soldiers. Shi Li used contrast to pave the way, and used "sand as snow" and "moon as frost" to render the environment sinister and set off the homesickness of soldiers.