(Tang) Du Mu
Thousands of miles of warblers sing green and reflect red, and Shuizhaishan fruit wine flags the wind;
More than 480 ancient temples were left in the Southern Dynasties, and countless pagodas were shrouded in wind and rain.
Thousands of miles away, Jiangnan is singing and laughing, and the green leaves set off the red flowers, and the spring is strong everywhere.
Water town and mountain city, the flag in front of the hotel swings gently with the wind.
Ah, temples built in the Southern Dynasties,
Now they are all hidden in a confused misty rain.
Background description: Jiangyin is a good place. Jiangyin, as a water town in the south of the Yangtze River, enjoys a unique geographical environment. Children also like their hometown. In spring, the happiest thing is a spring outing! During the spring outing, walking in the parks of Jiangyin, the beautiful scenery of Jiangnan in spring seems to be familiar. Jiang Nanchun has many meanings, one is the famous sentence of Du Mu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, and the other is the name of a tablet. In addition, Jiang Nanchun is also a person's name, such as the former librarian of Shanghai Literature and History Research Institute and the chairman and CEO of Focus Media. It's also the name of the troupe. Name of Du Mu's Poems and Works: Spring in the South of the Yangtze River, Late Tang Dynasty Author: Du Mu's Style: Seven-character quatrains Category: Landscape Poems Selected from: Fan's Original Jiang Nanchun Du Mu's Thousand Miles are green and red, and his Nine Disagreements are the wind. More than 480 ancient temples were left in the Southern Dynasties, and countless pagodas were shrouded in wind and rain. A poem is translated thousands of miles south of the Yangtze River, where there are songs and dances, pink and green, and a scene full of spring. In villages near the water and battlements surrounded by mountains, there are wine flags fluttering in the wind everywhere. There used to be deep temples filled with smoke, but now pavilions stand in the hazy rain curtain. Note 1, Guo: Outer City. Wine flag: wine curtain, a sign hung high outside the hotel. 2. Guo Shan: A city wall built on the mountain. 3. Southern Dynasties: The Song, Qi, Liang and Chen Dynasties, whose capital was built in Jiankang (now Nanjing) after the Eastern Jin Dynasty, were collectively referred to as the Southern Dynasties. The rulers at that time were all good at Buddhism and built a large number of temples. 4. Four hundred and eighty temples: emperors and bureaucrats of the Southern Dynasties built Buddhist temples in Beijing (now Nanjing). According to the biography of Guo Zushen, the official history of South China, there are more than 500 Buddhist temples. The 480 temples mentioned here are approximate figures. 5. Loutai: refers to temples and appreciation works. This is a poem describing the scenery in the south of the Yangtze River. Bai Juyi painted gorgeous paintings, but that's only macroscopic, while Du Mu's "Jiangnan Spring" is relatively specific, which seems to impress people more by seeing several scenic spots. Du Mu not only depicts the beautiful spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, but also reproduces the misty balcony scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, making the scenery in the south of the Yangtze River more magical and confusing. "Thousands of miles of warblers sing green and red, and the water town is full of fruit wine flags." First of all, the poet described the colorful world in Jiangnan. There are songs and dances everywhere, green trees and red flowers everywhere; Dishui Village, battlements surrounded by mountains, especially wine flags fluttering in the wind. The interpretation of A Thousand Miles is to write about the whole south of the Yangtze River, but the whole is expressed through concrete images. "Four hundred and eighty temples in the Southern Dynasties were covered with misty rain." There are also temples, which are an important part of the transition to the scenery in the south of the Yangtze River and have a sense of vicissitudes. Many Buddhist buildings left over from the Southern Dynasties are looming in the spring breeze and spring rain, adding confusing beauty. The poet here is not talking about "480 temples facing north", but "480 temples facing south", which obviously has different meanings. The rulers of the Southern Dynasties lost their lives for Buddhism, wasted people's money and built a large number of temples. "Southern History Guo Ancestral Family" said: "When the emperor understands Buddhist scriptures, he will change his customs. Therefore, the ancestors said that they all went to more than 500 Buddhist temples, which were extremely magnificent, with more than 100 thousand monks and nuns. The assets are rich, and there are no words in the county. " On this basis, Mutu said that there are obviously fewer "480 temples". Today, the "480 Temple in the Southern Dynasties" has become a historical relic and an integral part of the beautiful scenery in the south of the Yangtze River. There is no lack of irony in aesthetics, and the connotation of poetry is richer. The four sentences in this poem are all scenic words, each with its own characteristics. There are sounds and colors, space expansion and time tracking. In just 28 words, the poet painted a vivid and verve picture of spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River in very popular language. This song "Jiangnan Spring" has enjoyed a high reputation for thousands of years. These four poems not only describe the richness of spring scenery in Jiangnan, but also describe its vastness, profundity and confusion. "Thousands of miles of warblers sing green and reflect red, and the water town is full of wine flags." The beginning of the poem, like a fast-moving focal plane, swept across the southern land: the vast south of the Yangtze River, orioles singing, green trees reflecting clusters of red flowers; You can see the villages by the water, the battlements by the mountain and the wine flags fluttering in the wind. In addition to the richness of the scenery, I am afraid it is different from some garden attractions, confined to a corner, but because it is spread over a large area of land. Therefore, if there is no word "a thousand miles" at the beginning, these two sentences will be weak. However, Yang Shen in Ming Dynasty said in Poems of Sheng 'an Temple: "Who can listen thousands of miles away? "Thousands of miles of green, who can see? If you travel ten miles, you will see green and red scenery, village Guo, balcony, monk temple and wine flag. " For this kind of opinion, He Huan Wen once refuted it in Textual Research on Poems of Past Dynasties: "Even if you make ten miles, you may not be able to hear it. The title cloud "Spring in the South of the Yangtze River" shows that Wan Li in the south of the Yangtze River is vast, and among the Wan Li, birds are singing and reflecting the green. There are no wine flags everywhere in Shuicun Mountain, and most of the towers of the 480 Hall are in the misty rain. This poem is wide, so it is not allowed to refer to one place, so it is called "Spring in the South of the Yangtze River" ... "He's statement is right, which is for the needs of typical generalization of literature and art, and the last two sentences are the same. "Four hundred and eighty halls in the southern dynasties, how many towers are misty and rainy." From the first two sentences, it should be a sunny scene with singing and dancing, red and green setting each other off and wine flags fluttering, but these two sentences are clearly written in misty rain, which is completely understandable, because the wind and rain are different everywhere within a thousand miles. But what needs to be seen is that the poet grasped the characteristics of Jiangnan scenery with typical techniques. Jiangnan is characterized by beautiful mountains and rivers, bright flowers, intricate colors, rich levels and strong three-dimensional sense. While reducing thousands of miles to a scale, the poet focused on the colorful scenery in the south of the Yangtze River in spring. The first two sentences of the poem are red and green, mountains and rivers, villages and battlements, movements and sounds. But these are not rich enough, and they only depict the bright side of Jiangnan in spring. So the poet added a wonderful stroke: "Four hundred and eighty halls in the southern dynasties, how many towers are misty and rainy." The original resplendent and magnificent Buddhist temple was deliberately hidden in the misty rain by the poet, adding a hazy and blurred color. This kind of picture and color are in harmony with the beautiful scenery of "thousands of miles of warblers singing green and reflecting red, and the wind of national wine flags in water towns and mountains", which makes this picture of Jiangnan Spring more colorful. The word "Southern Dynasties" adds a distant historical color to this picture. "480" is a saying that the Tang people emphasize quantity. The poet first emphasized that there was more than one magnificent Buddhist temple, and then sang with the sigh that "misty rain is coming", which is particularly reverie. This poem shows the poet's praise and yearning for the scenery in the south of the Yangtze River. However, some researchers put forward the "satire theory", arguing that the emperors of the Southern Dynasties were famous for Buddhism in the history of China, and that the Buddhism in Du Mu's era was also a vicious development, while Du Mu had anti-Buddhism thoughts, so the last two sentences were ironic. In fact, the interpretation of poetry should first start from the artistic image, and should not make abstract inferences. Du Mu's opposition to Buddhism does not mean that he must hate the Buddhist temple architecture left over from history. In Xuanzhou, he often goes to Kaiyuan Temple and other places to play. I have also been to some temples in Chizhou and made friends with monks. Famous phrases such as "Clouds on Jiuhuashan Road, Liu Fuqiao on Qingyi River" and "Autumn Mountain and Spring Rain Wandering All over Jiangnan Temple Building" all show that he still appreciates the balcony of the Buddhist temple. Of course, while enjoying it, it is also possible to drift a little historical emotion occasionally. It expresses that the author's state of mind is neutral, with neither obvious hatred nor obvious malice, and he is simply writing about the scenery and praising the spring.