Go to the frontier to carry out tasks
Author: Tang Dynasty poet Wang Wei
Riding a bike to visit the border and passing through Juyan County.
Pengpeng also floated out of Korea, and the geese heading north also flew into the sky.
The vast desert is lonely, and the Yellow River sets the yen.
Xiao Guan rides it every time, and it is protected in Yanran.
To annotate ...
(1) to the frontier fortress: ordered to the frontier fortress. This is a five-character poem, selected from the whole Tang poetry (Zhonghua Book Company, 1960 edition). It was written by the Tang Dynasty poet Wang Wei on his way to Liangzhou in 737 (the 25th year of Kaiyuan).
2 Ambassador: Ambassador.
Bicycle: car, which is described here as not having many followers.
(4) Ask the frontier fortress: Going to the frontier fortress for inspection means expressing condolences to the officers and men guarding the frontier.
⑤ Belonging country: refers to those ethnic minorities who are attached to the Han court and retain their country names. There were some governors in the Han and Tang Dynasties. The second refers to the official name. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, there was an official named Cai Guo, who was awarded by Su Wu after he returned to Han Dynasty. People in the Tang Dynasty sometimes called "vassal countries" frontier envoys.
⑥ Juyan: the place name, which was called Juyanze in Han Dynasty and Juyanhai in Tang Dynasty, is in the northern border of Ejina Banner in Inner Mongolia today. There is Juyan County in Zhangye County of the Western Han Dynasty (refer to Geography of Hanshu), so the old city is in the southeast of Jina Banner. In addition, in the secretariat of Liangzhou in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhangye Juyan was a vassal state, and its jurisdiction was in Juyanze area. This sentence generally refers to the Tang Dynasty poet Wang Wei passing through Juyan. In fact, Wang Wei, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, didn't need to live for a long time. Therefore, Feng's "Selected Poems and Songs of China in Past Dynasties" thinks that this sentence is written in the Tang Dynasty, "the frontier is vast, and the vassal States are all outside the extension."
All landowners Pumbaa: Cao Peng flying with the wind, this is the poet's metaphor here.
⑧ Returning to the wild goose: Because the season is spring and the wild geese fly north, it is called "returning to the lake", which is also a poet's metaphor.
Pet-name ruby desert: big desert, here refers to the' desert' in the north of Liangzhou. Solitary smoke: Zhao Diancheng's note has two solutions: First, Yun Gu burned wolf dung during the border warning. "The smoke is straight and gathered, although the wind blows away." The second cloud is a whirlwind beyond the Great Wall, "curling smoke and sand". According to future generations' field visits to Gansu and Xinjiang, there is indeed a whirlwind of "solitary smoke going straight up". Also: solitary smoke may also be a safety fire used in border defense in Tang Dynasty. "Tongdian" Volume XXI Yakumo: "And at dusk, peace and fire will not come." Hu Sansheng's Note: "Six Classics": When Tang Zhen waited for the wind, the rate was thirty miles away. On the first night of every day, a torch is lit, which is called the fire of safety. "
Attending long river: Yellow River.
⑾ Xiaoguan: The name of the ancient customs, so the address is in the southeast of Guyuan, Ningxia.
⑿ Rear Flag: cavalry responsible for reconnaissance and communication. Wang Wei, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, went to Hexi without going through a small pass. Here, he probably used the meaning of He Xun's poem "Waiting to ride out of Xiao Guan and pursue troops to Mayi", which was not established.
[13] Duhu: official name. There were six counties in the northwest of Tang Dynasty, such as Anxi and Anbei. Each county sends a guardian and two deputies to take charge of all affairs within its jurisdiction.
[14] Ran Yan: the name of Gushan, that is, today's Mongolian Khan Gai Mountain. This represents the front line. Biography of Dou Xian in the Later Han Dynasty: Xian led the army to defeat Khan. "Later, I climbed Mount Yanran, climbed more than 3,000 miles, carved stones and made meritorious deeds, studied under Han Wade, and wrote an inscription for Ban Gu." When I met a waiting rider on the road, I learned that the coach was still at the front line after breaking the enemy.
⒂ Smoke: beacon smoke and fireworks when giving an alarm.
translate
(1) Don't arrive without pomp. The place I want to go is far away from Juyan.
I floated out of Hansel like a loose grass and flew into the northern sky like a wild goose.
Lonely smoke rises in the desert, and the setting sun is round by the Yellow River.
When I walked to Xiaoguan, I happened to meet a scout on horseback. The former enemy commander-in-chief is at the front.
Make an appreciative comment
This poem is included in The Complete Poems of Tang Dynasty, Volume 126. The following is an appreciation of this poem by Mr. Zhang Yanjin, an expert in ancient Chinese literature, a member of the Chinese Writers Association and a former doctoral supervisor of the Chinese Department of Capital Normal University.
The Ambassador to the Great Wall depicts the strange and magnificent scenery beyond the Great Wall, and shows the poet's praise for the patriotic spirit of the frontier guards who are brave in danger and lead the motherland. This poem is concise in narration and magnificent in picture.
"Bike wants to ask the side", there is no bus to go there, where to go-"belonging to the country, living in Yan", living in the northwest of Zhangye County, Gansu Province, far from the northwest frontier.
The poet compared Peng and Yan to "going out to Han like grass, flying into the lake like a wild goose flying north". In ancient poetry, flying over the eaves and walking over the wall is often used as a metaphor for a wandering wanderer, but here it is a metaphor for a minister with a court mission, who is secretly writing the poet's inner anger and depression. It echoes the "bicycle" in the first sentence. The trip to Wan Li took only ten words.
Then it describes the typical scenery in the desert: "The desert is lonely and straight, and the long river sets the yen."
The last two sentences are written to arrive at the frontier fortress: "Xiaoguan is protected in Yanran every time he rides a horse." When I arrived at the frontier fortress, I didn't see the general. The scouts told the special envoy that the general was at the front.
The poet focused his pen and ink on what he was best at winning-writing landscapes. The author's mission takes place in spring. On the way, I saw a few lines of returning geese to the north. The poet made a metaphor on the spot, and compared himself with returning geese, which was both narrative and scenery-writing, which was natural and appropriate. In particular, the link of "lonely smoke in the desert, long river setting the yen" describes the strange and magnificent scenery outside the Great Wall after entering the frontier fortress. The picture is open and the artistic conception is magnificent, which is called "the wonders of the ages" by Wang Guowei. The frontier desert is boundless, so the word "big" of "desert" is used. The frontier fortress is desolate and wonders. The smoke lit by the beacon tower is particularly eye-catching, so it is called "solitary smoke". A word "solitary" describes the monotony of the landscape, and a word "straight" behind it also shows its strength and perseverance. There are no mountains and trees in the desert, and the Yellow River flowing through it cannot express the poet's feelings unless a word "long" is used. Sunset, originally easy to give people a sentimental impression, uses the word "round" here, but it gives people a feeling of warmth and boundless. The word "circle" and "straight" not only accurately describes the desert scene, but also shows the author's deep affection. The poet skillfully blends his loneliness into the description of the vast natural scenery. A passage from the forty-eighth poem in A Dream of Red Mansions can be regarded as the superb artistic realm of these two poems.